Uwoyela engine kwabantu. Kanjani futhi kungani udinga ukucacisa kwabantu uwoyela motor?

Lapho ekhetha uwoyela motor, abashayeli siholwa izinyathelo ezahlukene. Uphethiloli iyunithi kuboniswa isembozo of S Inkomba, i-injini diesel - C. waqondisa ngezinye izinto ezisemaceleni. Ngokwesibonelo, zokwenziwa akhethiwe, semi zokwenziwa noma isizinda okumbiwa phansi; amafutha viscosities ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi inkathi efudumele noma ezibandayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile abakhethiwe sebevele eminyakeni yamuva, jikelele yezihlanganisi uketshezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uholwe Inkomba viscosity, okuyinto Kunconywa ngumkhiqizi.

Kunenye ipharamitha obalulekile - kwabantu amafutha engine. On kuzoxoxwa ngayo esihlokweni.

I izakhiwo eziyisisekelo amafutha

Phakathi izici eziyinhloko eziphathelene uketshezi lubricating, izibalo ezilandelayo:

• uwoyela Wugqinsi injini kanye gravity ethize. Igama elithi sokuqala isilinganiso evolumu mass. Ubuningi ulinganiswa amakhilogremu ngalinye imitha cubic. Lapha kuyafaneleka abanesibalo okusho ukuthi isilinganiso mass zomuthi ezihambelana nesisindo amanzi. Bobabili izakhiwo lokushisa nasekuthengeni.
• Viscosity - ukubaluleka lasetjentiswa kute kuvetwe fluidity. Iphinde incike lokushisa. Viscosity kukalwa amayunithi eziningana: e Stokes centistokes futhi square metres noma amamilimitha angu for isikhashana SI uhlelo angakahleleki.
• Iphuzu flash futhi uthele iphuzu. Izindlela sokuqala ukwanda lokushisa lapho evala acishe ngesikhathi isethulo i ilangabi evulekile. Inkomba yesibili kuphuma lokushisa aphansi lapho uwoyela elahlekile ngokuphelele flowability. Lokhu kungenziwa okwaboniswa ukuthambekela tube.
• Acid kanye nenombolo base likhombisa inani lomkhiqizo adingekayo neutralization of iqiniso lokuthi acid futhi ane-alikhali imikhiqizo buthelela uketshezi lubricating ngesikhathi ukusebenza.

inhlanganiso

I kwabantu amafutha engine kuyinto kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu, okuyinto eveza isilinganiso mass yesiminyaminya. It is ezihlobene compressibility futhi viscosity. Lokhu ipharamitha kakhulu kuthinta amandla ukuthunyelwa ngalesi ukudluliswa wokubacindezela, bese siveza energy supply e kwegazi. Ngezinye high density etholwe ukunciphisa usayizi ukudluliswa wokubacindezela, ngaphandle kokushintsha amandla. Nge ingcindezi enkulu kwabantu futhi uqala ukwandisa.

Uma ushintsha kwabantu amafutha engine at degrees 20, kungenzeka ukuba ikhulume amaphutha motor. Uma ucabangela Ukuqhathanisa kwabantu upetrol kanye ne- diesel amafutha kwabantu, kuvela ukuthi lesi sibalo yokugcina kuyoba ephakeme. Ngakho, ingress fuel zibe mnandi kuzonciphisa ukubaluleka kwabantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi kokuba cishe 1,000 kg / M3, kunalokho, kuyoba ukwandisa. Lokhu kuyokwenzeka ngoba inenani kunangendlela uwoyela engine ukuminyana kg / M3 (it has 880 kuphela). Ngenxa yalezi zici, ingabalwa, isibonelo, i-phutha ukupholisa crankcase noma uhlelo injini indlu.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu futhi viscosity

Ukwahlukanisa, okubonisa kwabantu amafutha engine, abekho. Kodwa kukhona omunye okuthiwa Sae. Ithola ipharamitha igrisi viscosity. uwoyela Winter elibonakala khona incwadi W. Basuke ihlukaniswe kusuka 5W ukuze 25W. Ngokwesibonelo, uwoyela ukuqokwa 5W uyakwazi ukusebenza amazinga okubanda ebusika kuze kube amathathu ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ukuqoka 10W ukusebenza kusho ukukwazi degrees amabili. Kodwa amafutha engine ukuthi ine ukuthola 20W, bazocula kuphela yesithwathwa elincane kakhulu. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba ugcwalise, uma isimo sezulu isengozini yokuba buyabanda.

Isikhundla ehlobo amafutha ngokuvamile zokhahlamba kusuka 10 kuya 60. At lokushisa eliphezulu lubricating uketshezi kumele babe ongaphakeme viscosity izakhiwo.

Kwabantu abathile vsesezonok

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwabantu amafutha injini imfucuza akuxhomekile Inkomba viscosity, kungenzeka ngenxa kophawu ukuhlonza amaphethini ezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umenzi likhombisa sibalo ezibekiweko.

Ngokwesibonelo, it is ukuthi 0,87-0,9 eyaziwa - kwabantu nobuntu 15W40 uwoyela motor at degrees nanhlanu. 0,857 kg Inkomba ngokuvamile kuyoba ngesikhathi brand ebusika 10W. A kwabantu mayelana 0.85 ngeke 5W40 uwoyela motor.

Summer izinga amabili kulingana 0,861 kg / l, futhi ngezinye amahlanu - 0,875 kg / l.

Muva nje, uthambise obanzi kunayo okulungiselelwe ketshezi kokuba ikhono ukusebenza kahle ngokufanayo ehlobo futhi ebusika, okuthiwa amafutha multigrade. Ukusebenzisa kwabo okuningi empilweni abashayeli, okuyinto akusadingeki abanovalo lokuthi ngeke ukhohlwe ukushintsha ketshezi phezu okuvela isizini ashisayo, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cool lula.

hydrometer

Ukuze ukuminyana ukumeda ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrometer. Lena iflothi ezenziwe ngengilazi, kanye isikebhe sizinze ezansi thermometer phakathi kanye tube mncane ngesilinganiso phezulu.

I-apharathasi yafakwa uwoyela isikhathi imizuzu emithathu kuya kweyisihlanu kusukela futhi uthathe ukufundwa kulesi silinganiso. uwoyela Wugqinsi injini (kg / l) iphuzu at lokushisa, anamakhulu mabini. Uma izilinganiso Kwakwenziwe lokushisa ezahlukene, umphumela ubizwa ivunyelaniswe etafuleni okuhambisanayo CCITT.

inhlanganiso nesilinganiso

Ukuze sithole izindawo uketshezi lubricating isetshenziswa kwabantu bayo isihlobo ibalwa kusukela isilinganiso samafutha kwabantu kuya kwabantu amanzi at lokushisa amane (at amavolumu alinganayo).

Ubuningi nesilinganiso wenziwa kanje.

1. Amafutha batheleka ebhodleleni at lokushisa amabili.
2. yehlisa ngokucophelela hydrometer ukuze asisho uthinte izindonga bomkhumbi.
3. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, ubambe insimbi nehlo, ukwenza nesilinganiso ngenkathi ethatha Ukufundwa lokushisa. Ubuningi kunqunywa ngokuvumelana itafula ekhethekile.

Ngokwesibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi kwabantu uwoyela udizili kuhluka kg 890 kuya 920 / M3, kanye motor uphethiloli - kusuka 910 930 kg / M3.

Lolu khetho kusiza ukuqhathanisa property ezahlukene yezihlanganisi eziwuketshezi. Nokho, iyodwa akakwazi ukwahlulela izinga amafutha iyonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, acabangele umbala, obala we umkhiqizo nezinye izinkomba.