Valve LoMhlangano: isimiso ukusebenza nowesifunda

Ukuze babhekane nezinselele ngokunemba yesimanje zokulawula ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa kakhulu umphini injini. It libhekene inzuzo enkulu mishini, kanye kumiswa asebenzayo of Microelectronics Computing amakhono. Njengoba yaziwa, bazondle kwabantu eliphezulu amaphuzu ku-kahle enwetshiwe namandla iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo izinjini.

Ukushayela injini valve

Injini siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

1. ngemuva umzimba.
2. Stator.
3. Amabombo.
4. disk kazibuthe (Rotor).
5. Amabombo.
6. stator nge Windings.
7. phambi kwezindlu ingxenye.

Ngo-valve yenjini kukhona ukuhlanganisa phakathi stator multi-Isigaba emazombezombe futhi Rotor. Zinikeza lo odonsa unomphela nekuhlanganisa isikhundla inzwa. Ukushintsha ama idivayisi yaqaphela esebenzisa lokuguqulela, waze igama.

Ukushayela injini umphini sakhiwa isembozo esingemuva bese circuit ibhodi izinzwa, sihlobene emikhonweni shaft kanye odonsa eziveza Rotor nangokuvikela indandatho ikhoyili entwasahlobo trelchatoy emikhonweni Lesisemkhatsini Hall inzwa, ukwahlukanisa, housings futhi babashayeli.

Endabeni compounds Windings "inkanyezi" kudivayisi has zikhathi ezinkulu angunaphakade, ngakho-le nhlangano isetshenziselwa ukulawula izimbazo. Endabeni kunenze nisondelane Windings "unxantathu" ingasetshenziswa usebenze ngesivinini. Ezimweni eziningi, inani isigxobo ngazimbili ibalwa ngenani Rotor odonsa ezisiza ukucacisa isilinganiso ukulwelwa kagesi kanye lokukhanda.

I stator kungenziwa ekhiqizwa nensimbi-free noma yensimbi core. Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinjalo ukuze samuntu lokuqala, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa engekho Luhambo we odonsa Rotor, kodwa kule osheshayo, kwehle ngo-20% motor kahle ngenxa enciphile njalo torque engu value.

Nge isikimu kuyabonakala ukuthi wamanje stator ekhiqizwa kuleli Windings futhi Rotor is edalwe usebenzisa ephezulu amandla odonsa unomphela.
Legend:
- VT1-VT7 - Transistor abaxhumanisi;
- A, B, C - isigaba Windings;
- M - motor torque engu;
- UDKT - inzwa Rotor isikhundla;
- U - ukulawula amandla motor supply voltage;
- S (south), N (enyakatho) - isiqondiso kukazibuthe;
- UZ - imvamisa Converter;
- BR - isivinini inzwa;
- vd - Zener diode;
- L - ikhoyili inductance.

Engine Ukushayela ebonisa ukuthi enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu Rotor, lapho odonsa unomphela efakiwe, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, nokwehlisa mzuzu inertia. Amadivayisi anjalo kungenziwa ezakhelwe zedivayisi ngokwayo, noma esisogwini ubuso bayo. Ukwehlisa we inkomba ngokuvamile kakhulu kuholela amagugu elincane ibhalansi mzuzu inertia we motor kanye komthwalo wayo sehliselwe umgodi, okuyinto nzima ukusebenza kwe-drive. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi banganikeza ejwayelekile futhi ngakhula izikhathi 2-4 mzuzu inertia.

Ukuthi isebenza kanjani

Namuhla iyaduma kakhulu umphini injini, isimiso ogxile yokuthi isilawuli iqale idivayisi ukushintsha Windings stator. Ngenxa yalesi magnetic field Vector njalo sigudluke ngu engela esondela 900 (-900) ngokuhlobene Rotor. Isilawuli yakhelwe ukulawula zamanje esishukumisela ngokusebenzisa motor Windings, kuhlanganise ubukhulu bale amandla kazibuthe stator. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba ulungise isikhathi, esithinta idivayisi. Inkomba igebe eliphakathi zithwala inqume isiqondiso Ukujikeleza osithathayo isinyathelo kuso.

Khumbula ukuthi sikhuluma degrees kagesi (mancane kakhulu Jomethri). Ngokwesibonelo, sibona valve yenjini ukuze Rotor, zona ngokwazo has 3 isigxobo ngazimbili. Khona-engeli elilungile kuzoba 900/3 = 300. Lezi ngazimbili 6 ukunikeza isigaba uguquko we Windings ke, kuba ukuthi stator Ungahambisa Vector igxuma 600. Kule ke kuyabonakala ukuthi le engela phakathi zithwala lu- ziyahlukahluka kusuka 600 kuya 1200, njengoba ukujikeleza Rotor.

Valve motor, isimiso ogxile reverse isigaba usuke, ngenxa okuyinto yokucucuza excitation kugcinwa ukunyakaza kuqhathaniswa njalo armature, ngemva ekusebenzelaneni kwabo uqala ujikelezisa okwamanje. It uvame ukuba ujike Rotor ngendlela yokuthi zonke izindikimba kanye armature luqondane ndawonye. Kodwa ngesikhathi turning inzwa iqala ukushintsha ikhoyili ukugeleza lithuthela esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Kuleli qophelo, vector nomphumela ngeke bayeke, kodwa ahlale ngokuphelele kungahambi ukuba yokucucuza Rotor okwagcina kudala umgodi torque engu.

izinzuzo

Ukusebenzisa valve injini in operation, kungaba kuqashelwe izinzuzo ezinjalo:

- kungenzeka ukusebenzisa anhlobonhlobo isivinini ukuguqulwa;

- Dynamics High nesivinini;

- esiphezulu ukuma ukunemba;

- ezincane izindleko nesondlo;

- idivayisi akunakubangelwa izakhiwo ukuqhuma-ubufakazi;

- it has ikhono ukudlulisa esikhulu sindisa torque engu;

- ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu okuyinto engaphezu kuka-90%;

- lihamba oxhumana electronic, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa ukuphila inkonzo futhi ihlala isikhathi eside;

- ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kungekho okweqile of motor.

amaphutha

Naphezu kwesibalo omkhulu izinzuzo, valve injini Ubuye yokuntula operation:
- a esikhundleni eziyinkimbinkimbi ukulawula imoto;
- intengo kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu apharathasi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwawo ekuklanyweni Rotor, esesikhundleni odonsa unomphela bayabiza.

Valve inductor motor

Kushintshelwe-inductor motor - idivayisi esihlinzeka shanela ukumelana kazibuthe. Ukuguqula amandla therein kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko lo inductance we Windings, okuyinto zitholakala igiya stator namazinyo express uma kususwa Rotor kazibuthe. Ukondla kudivayisi uthola Converter kagesi, yanjalo ukushintsha motor Windings e kobukhulu ukunyakaza Rotor.

Kushintshelwe inductor-motor eziyinkimbinkimbi, kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ukusebenza ndawonye ngokwemvelo yabo ngokomzimba. Ukuze umklamo ngempumelelo kumadivayisi ezifana ziyadingeka ngokujulile ulwazi ekuklanyweni imishini kanye Mechanics kanye electronics, nobuchwepheshe electromechanical futhi sekhompiyutha.

kudivayisi Modern uba motor, ezisebenza ngokuhlanganyela Converter electronic, okuyinto kuveza ubuchwepheshe okuhlangene usebenzisa microprocessor. It ikuvumela ukuba kusebenze injini ukuphathwa izinga ngezisusa amandla ukucubungula.

injini izakhiwo

Amadivayisi anjalo abe okusezingeni eliphezulu ashukumisayo, okusezingeni eliphezulu sindisa ikhono esithuthukisiwe olunembile. Ngenxa yokuthi abanalo izingxenye ezinyakazayo, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kungenzeka endaweni alufakwa nolaka. motors okunjalo nazo kuthiwa futhi brushless, inzuzo yabo eyinhloko, kuqhathaniswa ngalendoda, a Isivinini okuyinto incike voltage iphuzu ukushaja. Futhi, esinye isici esibalulekile ukungabi zokukhandleka ngomshikisho izakhi, okuyinto ushintshele oxhumana nabo, ngakho likhula idivayisi ekusetshenzisweni.

DC brushless motors

Zonke DC brushless izinjini kungenziwa ngokuthi. Basebenza kunethiwekhi nge DC. Umhlangano ibhulashi kuhlinzekelwe ngokuhlanganisa izifunda kagesi Rotor futhi stator. Le ngxenye iyona abasengozini kakhulu futhi kunalokho kunzima ukulondoloza futhi ukulungisa.

Valve DC motor isebenza isimiso efanayo kuwo wonke amadivayisi zokuvumelanisa yalolu hlobo. Kuyinto irherho le-closed ehlanganisa Converter amandla Semiconductor, inzwa Rotor isikhundla kanye umxhumanisi.

Valve AC motors

Lezi amadivayisi ukuthola amandla abo kunethiwekhi kushintshana zamanje. isivinini Rotor kanye ezinyakazayo lokuqala harmonic we stator amabutho kazibuthe luqondane. Lokhu izinjini subtype ingasetshenziswa amandla aphezulu. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa stepper futhi jet valve kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Isici esiphawulekayo kudivayisi ukunyathela kuyinto ukufuduka ngokuqhubekayo emincane Rotor ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwawo. kwakhiwa Amandla Windings is by izingxenye Semiconductor. Control brushless motor Kwenziwa ukufuduka ezilandelanayo Rotor, futhi okuyinto kudala amandla ayo ukushintsha komunye emazombezombe kwenye. Le divayisi zingahlukaniswa zibe esalisekela, amathathu- noma multi-Isigaba, olokuqala elakhiwa isiqalo emazombezombe noma wesifunda isigaba-eguquguqukayo, futhi senziwa ngesandla.

Umgomo we operation ye motor zokuvumelanisa

Valve motor zokuvumelanisa usebenza ngokusekelwe phakathi kazibuthe Rotor futhi stator. Schematically emuva, amandla kazibuthe kungenziwa emelelwa ukujikeleza izinzuzo efanayo odonsa ngazo ukuhambisa nge ijubane amandla kazibuthe stator. Field Rotor ingaphinda ifanekiselwa uzibuthe unomphela, okwenza ematfuba synchronously ne stator ensimini. Esikhathini engekho i-torque engu zangaphandle okuyinto sisetshenziswa kushaft umshini-eksisi luqondane. Ezithinta amandla Luhambo udlule eksisi zezingongolo futhi liyakwazi nomunye. I therebetween engela ilingane no-zero.

Uma ku oluthi umshini kuzothinta torque unyathela amabhuleki, Rotor is ngalapho kokulibala. Ngenxa amabutho ezikhangayo zihlukaniswe izingxenye ukuthi zibhekiswe kanye eksisi plus ukusebenza perpendicular eksisi isigxobo. Uma sisetshenziswa torque engu zangaphandle, okuyinto kudala ukushesha, okungukuthi, iqala ukuthatha isinyathelo isiqondiso ukuzungeza, isithombe phezu ukuxhumana emasimini kuhlehlisiwe ngokuphelele. Yelula ukufuduka emincane iqala okuguqula ephambene, futhi kule ndaba, ukushintsha isiqondiso amandla tangential kanye nomthelela torque engu kagesi. Kulesi simo, motor iba wazihlephula, umshini usebenza njengoba generator oguqula enikeziwe kushaft energy kagesi lokukhanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is kabusha inethiwekhi usinika stator.

Lapho kuyoba khona zangaphandle, ezimangalisayo-pole iqala ukuthatha isikhundla nesikhathi lapho amandla kazibuthe stator pole-eksisi kuvumelana a longitudinal. Leli lungiselelo kumelwe ilingane ubuncane ukugeleza ukumelana kule stator.

Endabeni imithelela torque unyathela amabhuleki shaft umshini Rotor is baphambukile, lapho amandla kazibuthe stator is zikhubazekile, kusukela ukugeleza ivame ukuhoxisa by ukumelana okungenani. Ukuze ubone ukuthi lokhu kwakudinga amandla imigqa, okuyinto ukuma ngamunye amaphuzu kumelwe ilingane ukuhamba amandla, ukuze ushintsho emkhakheni kuyoholela nokuxhumana tangential.

Njengoba zonke lezi izinqubo in izinjini zokuvumelanisa, kungenzeka ukuhlonza isimiso sekukhomba ka reversibility imishini ehlukahlukene, kukhona kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi idivayisi kagesi ukushintsha ukuma namandla eguquliwe ukuze okuphambene.

Brushless unomphela uzibuthe motors

Valve injini nge uzibuthe unomphela isetshenziswa ukuxazulula ukuzivikela sina futhi izicelo ezimbonini njengoba leli thuluzi has inqolobane umthamo futhi ezinkulu kahle.

Lezi amadivayisi avame ukusetshenziswa izimboni ezidinga kuqhathaniswa low power ukusetshenziswa kanye nosayizi esincane. Zingaba ezihlukahlukene Ubukhulu, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo zobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amadivaysi ezinkulu akuzona umkhiqizo omusha, ngokuvamile akhiqiza izinkampani ukuthi bafuna ukuba nginqobe ubunzima kwezomnotho umkhawulo ububanzi yalezi amadivaysi. Sinenkosi izinzuzo zabo siqu, phakathi okuyizinto kahle eliphezulu ngenxa ukulahleka Rotor namandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu. Ukuze ulawule motors brushless kudingeka kwenombolo imvamisa drive.

Ukuhlaziya izindleko nezinzuzo ebonisa ukuthi kudivayisi uzibuthe unomphela kungcono kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe ehlukile. Ngokuvamile basuke esetshenziselwa izimboni kanye esindayo operation ngokwanele isimiso izinjini zasolwandle, emasotjeni ukuzivikela umkhakha nezinye amayunithi, inani okuyinto ngokuqhubekayo okwandisa.

jet injini

Valve-jet injini usebenzisa Windings ezimbili okhombisa zifakwa emhlabeni akuhambisani okuphambene stator izingongolo. Ukudayisela amandla uhamba Rotor ngokuhambisana izingongolo. Ngakho, ukuphikisa kwakhe kuyehla ngokuphelele esiphansi.

Valve injini, adalwe ngezandla zabo, inikeza okusezingeni eliphezulu drive nesivinini uzibuthe elungiselelwe ukusebenza nge reverse. Ulwazi mayelana indawo Rotor isetshenziswa ukulawula izigaba supply voltage, njengoba lena elikhulu izuze torque engu okuqhubekayo futhi abushelelezi futhi ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu.

Amasignali oveza injini jet, esikhulu emincane unsaturated isigaba inductance. Ubuncane kudivayisi ukumelana isigxobo okuhambelana ngokuphelele lo inductance esiphezulu.

isikhashana Positive ingatholakala kuphela emagumbini lapho izinkomba ezinhle. Ngesivinini aphansi samanje isigaba kumele kungagcini ukuze senze ukuvikelwa electronics kusuka high voltage-imizuzwana.
Mshini ukuguqulwa kungafanekiselwa umugqa amandla esisheshayo. Ububanzi rwe ephawula amandla okuyinto ibe namandla lokukhanda. Esimeni ube esejika off the ngokweqile noma asalile amandla ubuyela stator. nemingcele Ubuncane kazibuthe ukusebenza zedivayisi umehluko oyinhloko kusukela kumadivayisi efanayo.