Ngubani owathola iMelika?

Nge esikoleni sifundiswa ukuthi Melika kwatholakala Hristofor Kolumb, futhi sasivame bakholelwa ukuthi ulwazi umuntu. Kodwa manje kukhona eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma kabanzi, futhi okubaluleke - ubufakazi bokuthi abantu baseYurophu wavakashela INguqulo Yezwe Elisha ngoba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ngaphambili. Ngakho, lapho efakiwe onkulunkulu elimhlophe-uhlinzwe futhi darnel ababaleka ngemikhumbi ababehamba ngezikebhe emangalisayo esekelwe izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane yaseNingizimu wamaNdiya aseMelika, abanye ososayensi ephetha ngokuthi lokuqala kulezi zindawo wavakashelwa amaRoma noma singamaGreki. Nokho, ngo-esivuna mbono, bathi amaqabunga zikagwayi kwatholakala emathuneni Greece neGibhithe. Nokho, lokhu ubufakazi akwanele.

Nokho umbuzo eyathola Melika ishukumisa futhi uyasijabulisa izingqondo bhá lezazi yesimanje. Bayanda endaweni aseMelika kukhona iskripthi yaseFenike Celtic. I imidwebo emhumeni azibonayo Amathrendi zezizwe ahlukene aseYurophu, futhi izinganekwane ngokuvamile kuletha lezimanga sohlobo olufanayo. Nokho, akwenziwanga lutho olutheni, akukho izinsuku noma amagama. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kusebenza i-Ningizimu Melika, ngezinto North zihlukile.

Ubani wathola i-Nyakatfo Melika? Kuphephile manje ukuthi ukuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi abaseSpain, emazweni North American yatshalwa ngisho esehlale isikhathi esithile amaViking. On ngezinsuku ezithile, yebo, futhi akusho Nokho, hamba kuphephile ukuphetha ngokuthi kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka.

Kodwa nobuntu ngezamabhizinisi zingcono kakhulu elaziwayo igama layo futhi abanye amaqiniso yomlando wakhe. Igama lakhe kwakungu uLeif Eyrikson. koyise emgqeni wesilisa, uyise (Eirik Red) nomkhulu babe abahloli bamazwe, futhi uLeif baqhubeka ebhizinisini lomkhaya. Eirik Red kubhekwa owathola Greenland. Waze usekelwe usebe lwawo nemizana ezimbili, okuyinto kamuva akhishwe ngemva abukhali kwesimo sezulu.

Eyrikson owazalwa ngo-Iceland, cishe 970. Lapho esekhulile, uLeif bashukumiseleka ukuba baphile eNorway, ngoba yona yaba nesifiso sokukhonza yinkosi tamoshnem. Bekusikhathi ohlangothini Northerly ekusakazekeni ngokushesha lwenkolo yobuKristu, futhi baseNorway eziningi, kuhlanganise kakhulu uLeif Eyriksona, yamukela ubuKristu.

Nokho, akazange ahlale isikhathi eside e-Norway, igazi wawoyise nomoya igama sevangeli esendleleni, waya Ekuvukeni emva uyise eGreenland. Lapho, wahlangana nabanye abacwaningi, uBjarni Heryolfsonom owayaziwa ukuhamba kwakhe kuya entshonalanga. ULeif Uthenga umkhumbi futhi wathumela kakade kumzila yakhe, kodwa ngasizathu simbe ongaziwa, kuthatha kancane kuyo inyakatho, wedlula iziqhingi eziningana, kokufika ezwekazini, okuyinto wamshaya Izobilnoye yakhe? emifuleni Deep kwakuphithizela izinhlanzi zikuphi kwaba evundile ngesimo sezulu esihle, ngisho utshani ebusika wakhula lapha.

AmaViking wahlala le ubusika ekhanyayo, futhi ngisho wasungula settlement encane, bese sibuyela ekhaya, watshela Bakwethu lwakhe mayelana lizwe ngokuthi Vinlend. Iningi amaViking ohlangothini akekho owabekwa ebhukuda, njengoba kushintshe isimo sezulu kungazelelwe kakhulu, futhi kubanda kakhulu ukuba baziphonse Vinlenda yayingasekho nhlobo indlela yokubaleka. Nokho, ukukhunjulwa kwabo uhlala emijondolo elincane olwandle eNyakatho Melika. Iphinde ushiya umbuzo, owathola Melika, evulekile.

Kukholakala ukuthi Columbus esezakuvula zokuya Asia, futhi ikakhulukazi e-India. Nokho, kunobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi kokutholakala Melika neze ngengozi, futhi njengoba yase yazi ukuthi ukuthi babeyaphi. Ngakho, lapho amadoda akhe Baqala ukukhononda ngezimo uhambo ngokweqile isikhathi eside, wathi ezweni kuyoba ngemva 1000 amamayela nami wayeqinisile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafika inqwaba glass ubuhlalu, abese benana ngempumelelo izinto ezibalulekile.

Uvela wamazwe Spanish ongabazi ukubhukuda lapho? Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaphambi uhambo lwakhe oludumile, Columbus bahamba ngomkhumbi baya enyakatho, kungenzeka ukuthi e-Iceland. Kukhona-ke langaweva odumile Viking uhambo lomkhumbi. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi le ndoda yaseSpain anqume ukuphinda lolu hambo? Cishe. Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi akashintshi.

Ngakho owaqala owathola iMelika? Umbuzo kunzima ngempela. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi kuvulwe izikhathi eziningi ngabantu ezahlukene kusukela esikhathini ehlukene nempucuko. Ivule futhi ashiye uphawu lwawo ohlelweni umlando we-Nguqulo Yezwe. Futhi Izwe Elidala, njengoba kungase kubonakale, siguqule, nakuba ayengafiki kakhulu, ngaphansi kwethonya ngamunye ukuvulwa ezinjalo.

Nokho, abanye ososayensi ukuphendula lo mbuzo, eyathola Melika, licacile: Columbus. Zinikeza izingxabano zabo kanye nobufakazi. Nokho, kuyafaneleka esinye isici esivuna oxhumana ekuqaleni phakathi baseYurophu nomhlaba omusha, ososayensi babonisa abahambi abatadisha Isimo phansi, noma, ezifana Thor Heyerdahl, akhombe travel ezingaba ngaphesheya kwe-Atlantic. Ngo umusa ukungabikho oxhumana enjalo abakushoyo, njengoba umthetho, theorists kusofa. Lesi sici ayikho yakho nelly zingayinciphisi umbono elilodwa noma ezinye, kodwa kwenza uzibuze.

Wonder - owathola Melika, ungaba iyiphi inombolo, omunye kuyoba elingenakuphikwa, ukuthi uColumbus ethola ukuba baseYurophu. Kwaba ngohambo lwakhe, kwasho ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo kwe-Nguqulo Yezwe, futhi ngalo mqondo uyiphayona, unguye.