Owabusa ngemva Petru 1? IRussia ngemva Petru 1

Umlando Russia amumethe kwezinkathi ezihlukahlukene, ngasinye sazo zashiya izibazi kuleli zwe. Omunye okuzuzisa ngokwengeziwe futhi inselele impikiswano eshubile isibe wokubusa uPetru mina Elikhulu, owathweswa iziqu ngo-ngokuqondene nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo uMbusi 25 Januwari, 1725.

Russia bengenayo inkosi? Owabusa ngemva Petru 1

Sekusele iminyaka emithathu kokufa autocrat kwadingeka ukuba ikhiphe umyalo, ezashintsha oda zangaphambili ezikhona of ngokulandelana saya esiHlalweni sobukhosi: manje indlalifa ayibanga eyizibulo, futhi indodana, ubani uyise bafanele ukuba luthathe indawo leyo nhlonipho. Lesi sinqumo ngenxa yokuthi indodana yenkosi, ibe indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi Tsarevich Aleksey, waba asolwa ngokwakha itulo avukele uyise omzalayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isigwebo sokufa. Ngo 1718 isikhulu washona ngo ezindongeni inqaba.

Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba afe, uPetru angizange isikhathi ukuba amise inkosi entsha, izwe lakubo, ukuthuthukiswa eye wenza umzamo kangaka, ngaphandle umbusi.

Ngenxa yalokho, eminyakeni embalwa ezayo zimakwe eziningana esigodlweni amasu okugumbuqela imibuso, injongo okwakukhona ukugumbuqela umbuso. Njengoba yayingekho indlalifa esemthethweni esimisiwe abafisa ahlale esihlalweni sobukhosi wazama ukuveza ukuthi bafanelwe leli lungelo.

I Icebo lika lokuqala, eyenziwa Guards unkosikazi kaPetru mina - ngokuzalwa Marty Skavronskoy, eyaziwa ngokuthi Ekaterina Alekseevna Mihaylova (Catherine mina) - alethwe amandla wokuqala emlandweni owesifazane Russian.

Abagadiwe esesihlalweni sobukhosi esizayo Empress umhlobo wonke-Russian yenkosi ngasekupheleni, Prince Alexander Danilovich Menshikov owaba de empeleni waba umbusi wombuso.

IRussia ngemva Petru 1 - esibalulekile emlandweni wezwe. oda okuqinile nesiyalo, okuyinto ngokwengxenye libhekene nokubusa koMbusi, manje sekulahlekile amandla yayo yangaphambili.

Catherine mina: ngubani yena?

Mashi Skavronskaya (manje Empress igama) wayevela emkhayeni ka abalimi iBaltic. Wazalelwa Apreli 5, 1684. Early yibo bobabili abazali, ukhulele emkhayeni umfundisi amaProthestani.

Phakathi Omkhulu Northern neMpi (phakathi Sweden Russia), e-1702, ngo-March, kanye nezinye izakhamuzi zaseMpumalanga inqaba neMarienburg lathunjwa amabutho isiRashiya, bese enkonzweni Prince Menshikov. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.

Enye inguqulo ithi ngoMashi baba inkosikazi Ukubala Sheremetyev - webutho Russian. Wabona Prince Alexander Danilovich - oluthandayo Petra Velikogo - futhi sibambe igunya lakhe, wathatha intombazane endlini yakhe.

Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, Marta baba izinceku nokuphatha uColonel Baur, lapho amehlo akhe ukubeka Menshikov wathatha endlini yakhe. Futhi nakhu kwaqashelwa eyedwa Peter I.

Rapprochement noPetru mina

Phakathi neminyaka engu-9 uMarta wayengowesifazane inkosikazi yenkosi. Ngo 1704, wabeletha ingane yakhe yokuqala - indodana ka uPetru abese indodana yesibili - UPaul. Nokho, abafana ababili bashonile.

Ukwakheka iNdlovukazi esizayo ithatha udadewabo kaPetru mina - Natalia A., uMarta abaqeqeshiwe ukufunda nokubhala. Futhi ngo-1705, wabhapathizwa intombazane Orthodox okuthiwa Mihaylovoy Ekateriny Alekseevny. Ngo bazalwa 1708 futhi 1709 iminyaka Catherine indodakazi kaPetru mina - Anna Elizabeth (kamuva wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi ngaphansi kwegama Elizabeth).

Ekugcineni ngo-1712 ibandla iSt John Dalmitskogo umshado Peter mina - Catherine waba yilungu eligcwele asebukhosini. 1724 kwaphawulwa a wokugcotshwa onesizotha Marty Skavronskoy e kweNyuka Cathedral eMoscow. Wazamukela lezi umqhele kusukela izandla imithetho yombusi.

Ubani nalapho imithetho eRussia

Ngemva kokufa Petru 1 Russia fully recognize ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze izwe ngaphandle umbusi onamandla. Njengoba Prince Menshikov wathandwa inkosi, futhi kamuva wasiza Catherine ngimi ngasemnyango yombuso, umbuzo ebusa ngemuva Petru 1, lengiyo - Prince Alexander Danilovich, bahlanganyele impilo yezwe futhi ukuthatha izinqumo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Nokho, ukubusa iNdlovukazi, naphezu Ukusekelwa umuntu onamandla kangaka, akuhlalanga isikhathi eside - kuze May 1727.

Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi Catherine mina, indima ebalulekile inqubomgomo Russia ngaleso sikhathi kudlalwa Supreme azitshelwa Council, sekumi ngomumo ngaphambi ukunyukela yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-Empress. Lalihlanganisa enjalo esikhethekile letigcamile kulesimo Empire Russian ngaleso abantu isikhathi ezifana ne-Prince Alexander Menshikov (ihloko yehlangano), Dmitry Golitsyn, Fyodor Apraksin, uPetru UTolstoy.

Ekuqaleni wokubusa Catherine mina sebehlala izintela kuxolelwe iziboshwa eziningi isixhumanisi bese beboshwa. Ibangelwa izinguquko ezifanayo bebelokhu nokwesaba nezibhelu ngenxa kwamanani, okuyinto njalo eyayiyoholela ukunganeliseki phakathi izakhamuzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imisiwe noma kwekuhlela kabusha Ushintshe eyenziwa uPetru:

• indima kancane letigcamile kulesimo ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe waqala ukudlala iSigele;

• nababusi kwathathelwa indawo iziphathimandla zendawo;

• A umsebenzi okhethekile, eyakhiwa abaholi nabo bonke ojenene iye ihlelwe ngcono kwezinhloko zamaviyo.

Innovations Catherine I. Domestic nomgomo wezangaphandle

Ngoba lowo obusa ngemva Petru 1 (ebhekisela umkakhe), kwakunzima kakhulu ukushaya inkosi-wezinguquko kwinqubomgomo enezici. Kusukela ezintsha uzinake ukudalwa Academy of Sciences kanye nenhlangano bomkhankaso, eholwa wamazwe odumile Vitus Bering eKamchatka.

Ngo inqubomgomo angaphandle sisonke, Catherine Ngiyawathanda umbono womyeni wakhe: wasekela abakushoyo Holstein Duke noKarla Fridriha (kufika indodana yakhe emthethweni) ukuze Schleswig. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni zibe kuba nokungezwani neBrithani naseDenmark. Umphumela waba udweshu phakathi ukubusa waseRussia ukuba Vienna Union (eyayihlanganisa Spain, Prussia ne-Austria) e 1726.

IRussia ngemva Petru 1 atholwe ithonya elikhulu Kurland. It sasisikhulu kangangokuba Prince Menshikov kuhlelwe ukuba ngasekhanda we Duchy, kodwa abendawo ziye zembula ukunganeliseki ngakho.

Ngenxa inqubomgomo angaphandle Catherine mina no-Aleksandru Danilovich (lokho owabusa Russia ngemva kokufa Petru 1 eqinisweni), umbuso ungase uthathe esifundeni Shirvan (kokuba ezivuna izuzwe ngalolu daba kusukela naseTurkey). Futhi, sibonga Prince Raguzinsky, ubudlelwane nobungane China Kwamiswa.

Ukuphela wokubusa Empress

Catherine mina, amandla yaphela ngo-May 1727, lapho iNdlovukazi wafa ngonyaka wamashumi 44 wokuphila ovela isifo samaphaphu. Bona wamngcwaba inqaba.

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, Catherine wayefuna ukwenza indodakazi yakhe iNdlovukazi Elizabeth Nokho, waphinda futhi walalela Menshikov futhi wakhetha indlalifa nomzukulu senkosi yase Russia - Peter II Alexeyevich, ngaleso sikhathi ka-kuya sobukhosi eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala.

Regent kwakunguJesu Prince Alexander Danilovich (leli qiniso waphinda kufakazela, owabusa ngemva Petru 1 eRussia). ngokushesha Menshikov washada esanda kwenziwa inkosi indodakazi yakhe uMaria, ngaleyo ndlela basishaya ukuqiniswa kwethonya impilo courtly futhi umphakathi.

Nokho, amandla Prince Alexander Danilovich akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside ngemva kokufa koMbusi uPetru II , wabekwa icala lokwakha itulo kanye wafela ekudingisweni.

IRussia ngemva Petra Velikogo - lena isimo ohluke ngokuphelele, lapho kukhona khona indawo yokuqala hhayi izinguquko futhi ushintsho, futhi umzabalazo kwesihlalo sobukhosi, futhi ezama ukufakazela ukuphakama kwamanye amakilasi phezu kwabanye.