Ezindaweni eziqhelelene zezinhlanzi kanye nezici zabo

Fish - ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo abahlala kwamanzi ziphefumula zokuphefumula. Ezweni zabo, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3 ayizinkulungwane zilwane. Kukholakala ukuthi lokuqala bafika ezweni, futhi isishiya nezilwane zasezweni. Yiziphi izifundo kanye namaqembu zezinhlanzi akhona? Uyini umehluko ukuphelela komunye nomunye? Yikuphi lamabutho libhekisela sunfish - izinhlanzi olusindayo emhlabeni? Ukuze yonke le mibuzo sizobe ngayo kulesi sihloko.

Izinhlanzi eyingqayizivele?

Fish - kuyingxenye ebalulekile kweMvelo eziningi iqhaza elibalulekile eziwukudla. Basuke esakazwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ahlala usawoti namanzi ahlanzekile zivela olwandle ukuze namachibi eziphakeme, sise ukuphakama ezingaphezu kuka 6 amakhilomitha.

Iningi yokuphila bachitha emanzini, ngakho main ukuphefumula apharathasi ngabo kukhona zokuphefumula. ezindaweni eziqhelelene Abaningi izinhlanzi babe abameleli abakghona ukuphuma isikhathi esifushane phezu (mudskipper, Anabas, flying fish). Abanye baze ukuthuthukisa izitho ezengeziwe zokuphefumula - emaphashini (lungfish - protopterus, Queensland Lungfish, njll ...).

Cishe njalo ekuphileni inhlanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi efunwa ngabakwa amadivayisi ezikhethekile. integument zabo zangaphandle ethulwa izikali - zezinhlangothi dentin noma gaonina Kosmin, okuyinto esikhulu nomunye efana tile.

Athuthela ngosizo amaphiko nemizimba ukunciphisa umzimba wabo has umumo ovikelekile. Izinhlanzi eziningi lapho ukubhukuda esinyeni. Ngokulungisa ingcindezi, kunomthelela ukunyakaza mpo sesilwane emanzini, futhi uyabasiza ukuba bahlale endaweni ukujula ezithile.

Ukwahlukaniswa izinhlanzi

Fish - iqembu chordates, lapho lakhomba inani amakilasi. Ngo imithombo ehlukahlukene inombolo siyahluka. Babevame zihlukaniswe uqwanga bone. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlanzi Bony ivelele njengoba superclass, futhi ngaphakathi sihlukanisa amakilasi ka ray-finned kanye Lobe.

Ezindaweni eziqhelelene zezinhlanzi cartilaginous - a Chimaera, katranooobraznye, rajiformes, fish, mnogozhabernye, lamnooobraznye nomngani. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-13, futhi kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene oshaka, imisebe futhi chimaeras.

Skeleton zezinhlanzi wenziwe uqwanga. Ngesikhathi stingrays futhi oshaka gills ungambozi lid, futhi ushiye ngaphandle izimbotshana. Nokubhukuda esinyeni engekho, esishukumisa kubo ukuba sendleleni njalo, kungenjalo ngeke kuwele phansi. uhlobo oluthile musa amaqanda futhi ezala lokuzalwa bukhoma.

isigaba ezindaweni eziqhelelene bony izinhlanzi baningi. Njengoba leli gama lisikisela, skeleton ezikudlayo kwenziwa lamathambo. Gills ayingxenye skeleton, zenziwe amacembe kanye stamens, futhi phezulu embozwe zamabhodlela.

Esihlokweni nje bhala yonke amaqembu izinhlanzi akunakwenzeka, ngakho lapha sizobe ukuchaza ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ethandwa wabo.

Perciformes

Elikhulu kunawo wonke izinhlanzi lamabutho, ehlanganisa abantu kungathi izinkulungwane 7-8 zilwane. Iningi labo lokudoba. Isici esiyinhloko we Perciformes izinhlanzi squad - ctenoid izikali. imiphetho yayo akuzona bushelelezi, kodwa ihlukaniswe clove eziningi ezincane. Amaphiko pectoral zitholakala ngezansi esifubeni, futhi ingxenye amaphiko osabalalayo yaphenduka ameva.

Perciformes Ziyashiyana ngobukhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo ukufinyelela kuphela ngamasentimitha ambalwa (lyutsionsky mistihtis), kuyilapho abanye bakhulela kumamitha angu-3 (bluefin tuna). abameleli Abaningi bazizwa njengodade mackerel, bullhead, perch, tuna, gourami, i-swordfish. Kodwa musa groupers elawo, futhi basonta oda scorpaeniformes.

Chimera

Chimaera izinhlanzi lamabutho has ukubukeka eziningana quirky. umzimba wabo side futhi kakhulu ayisesemikhulu ukuze bichevidnomu umsila. Ngaphambi amaphiko amabili amaphiko kuyinto iva ukuthi angaluboni esibayeni ngemuva.

Umnsalo we iloliwe, futhi has simise esingunxantathu. Ukuze ezinye izinhlobo zawo, it is kakhulu enwetshiwe, futhi ukhumbula lezi. Umlomo itholakala ezansi. Amaphiko pectoral zinkulu futhi ezibumbeke njengebholo iphiko.

Chimera bebhukuda kancane, "phezulu" emzimbeni yamanzi. Le nhlanzi elingezansi yokuhlala ezihlala ekujuleni ezinkulu noma Shoals sogu lolwandle. Atholakala Indian, Atlantic nePacific. Breed amaqanda semfenisha.

Sturgeon

Ngokwe Sturgeon isakhiwo hlala isikhundla Lesisemkhatsini phakathi cartilaginous futhi bony amasosha inhlanzi. Ngokuvamile basonta isigaba ithambo lucheporyh izinhlanzi kanye subclass hryaschekostnyh. Lezi zihlanganisa i-beluga zonke izinhlobo Sturgeon, Kaluga, Sturgeon, nokunye. D.

skeleton yabo wenziwe uqwanga, it has kuzithinta futhi akuyona sihlukaniswe ngu amathambo. inhlanzi umzimba side futhi camera nge imigqa ezinhlanu ezinkulu ithambo amapuleti, phakathi lapho ishq ezincane. Umlomo itholakala ezansi. Phambi kwakhe kukhona barbels ezine, edlala indima touch izitho.

Sturgeon bahlale imifula nolwandle yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ukudoba ngabo kuvamile, caviar ikakhulukazi lwesayensi. Kuyinto inhlanzi pretty big. Beluga, isibonelo, afinyelele 4-9 amamitha, Sturgeon - 6 amamitha.

Tetraodontiformes

Le yunithi kuhlanganisa nezinhlanzi bony mayelana 250 zilwane. Iningi abameleli ukuma okungavamile zomzimba: .. eyisiyingi, isicaba disc ezimise-, cubic, njll Umlomo izinhlanzi ngokuvamile encane, engenhla emhlathini ithambo uvalwe ivaliwe. Esikhundleni esikalini ezivamile, umzimba zabo zimbozwe emeveni noma izinaliti amancane.

Bona bahlala olwandle efudumele iseduze nenkabazwe, wakhetha coral. abameleli Ezivelele inhlanzi-urchin, sunfish, ophuzi nhlanzi nabanye. Sunfish - izinhlanzi olusindayo emhlabeni. Isisindo sayo singaba amathani idlule 20. It has a disk emise, isicaba singatsheki futhi ufinyelela 2 amamitha amabili ububanzi.

flatfish

Flatfish - izinhlanzi flat, elintantayo ezinsikeni zawo. Baqamba amanga ohlangothini olufanayo, ngakho amehlo abo abekwa ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Umbala ngokuvamile eduze imibala olwandle. Lokhu isidingo ukumaska, ngoba cishe zonke izinhlanzi lamabutho kanye nezinto ezidla lezi zidla ezinamagobolondo, ama-mollusk kuphela nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Bona zasolwandle kusukela asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya esishintshashintshayo athokomele, ophilayo ikakhulukazi eduze kwangaphansi. Fish uncamela emanzini angajulile, izihambi zinhlobo ukubhukuda kalula zemifula. Lezi zihlanganisa ulwe, i-halibut, Dab. Ubukhulu abamele ezincane kunazo zonke 7-8 amasentimitha, enkulu kunazo zonke - mayelana 5 amamitha.

Clupeiformes

Clupeiformes amelela omunye amaqembu bakudala kakhulu nenhlanzi bone. umzimba wabo kancane isicaba futhi wambozwa izikali ukuma lulwimi yindilinga. Ugebhezi siqukethe eziningi izinhlanzi uqwanga. Imisebe amaphiko zithambile kakhulu, okwenza lamabutho uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'myagkoporye ". Ngu lamabutho uyalandisa menheden Atlantic inhlanzi aseBaltic, Pacific, nesardiyu, sprat, anchovies, i-herring, sprat.

Lezi zinhlanzi zahlukahlukene kakhulu ekuphileni, abaningi bayakwazi ukwenza Ukuthuthwa eside. Basuke zisatshalaliswe ngazo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, ikakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu. ezindaweni ezikuma-pole owakhiwe zinhlobo abambalwa kuphela, abanye futhi bahlala amanzi ahlanzekile. Iningi kungokwalabo izinhlanzi izinhlanzi - abahlala izingqimba engenhla olwandle.

umbokwane

abameleli UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki zezinhlanzi bony - umbokwane squad. Ngenxa eside, edonswe edonswe kulezo ezingama umzimba, zingaba amathuluzi kudidaniswe izinyoka. Nokho, umzimba akuyona ayisesemikhulu ukuba umsila umbokwane futhi ngokuvamile musa ngisho isicaba singatsheki.

Athuthela meanders. amaphiko okhalo e izinhlanzi lapho, ncamashi kanjani futhi izikali. Isikhumba esehlanganise isikhwehlela. Thanda izinyoka, angase izimbambo, futhi kuze kube yokhalo 300 amathambo. Iningi umbokwane ezinobuthi futhi eziyingozi. Ikakhulukazi le zilwane ezinkulu (giant eels Moray), ngisho ehlasela ukuthi izixhobo zamakhorali kanye oshaka.

Lokhu zolwandle, zikhetha amanzi ukufudumala. Ziyakwazi tinhlobo letehlukene eels Moray kanye umbokwane. Emanzini angenasawoti umndeni kuphela - anguillidae. Zihlala emanzini ezikubhizinisi imicengezi Atlantic, Pacific ne-Indian Ocean.

grey ushaka

Phakathi kwazo zonke oshaka, eziningi kakhulu karharidnye lamabutho noma mpunga ushaka. Lihlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-250 zinhlobo, kuhlanganise ushaka, i-hammerhead, ihlosi, usilika, inkunzi ushaka, nokunye. Amalungu D. zayo ezibhekwa naphakathi kwabakhileyo eyingozi kakhulu ekujuleni kolwandle. Inqotshwe eziningi abalimala.

Zihlala izingxenye ugu wezilwandle izingxenye ezishisayo, nakwezifudumele futhi athokomele. Fish njalo ezihambayo ke umhlala kuya emajukujukwini olwandle, bese ukubhukuda emanzini angajulile. uhlobo oluthile avele futhi amanzi ahlanzekile.

oshaka Gray babe ngababili ezinhlanu gill izimbotshana, amabili amaphiko futhi omunye fin bendunu. Zichitha noma amaqanda, noma lokuzalwa bukhoma.

Banezinhliziyo umlomo omkhulu, etholakala ezansi futhi empumulweni sandisiwe phambili. Ezinye oshaka, it is kakhulu imikiswe (e inkunzi ushaka). A hlobo lwezimbali ushaka hammerhead. empumulweni yabo isicaba phezulu futhi obanzi emaceleni, okusikhumbuza isando cutting edge. Eyokuqala amaphiko fin is engonxantathu esime isikela.