Biography Puankare Anri. Hypothesis Anri Puankare

Jules-Anri Puankare - usosayensi abakhaliphile iphrofayela ezibanzi womsebenzi okuyinto kwasho umnikelo omkhulu eziningi izindawo physics, mathematics kanye Mechanics. Lokhu umuntu waba umsunguli izindlela qualitative ka yomphindwa futhi inkolelo-mbono ye umehluko zibalo, edala ngesisekelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukuzinza motion. "Isayensi Hypothesis" Anri Puankare - umsebenzi, okuyinto isibe zakudala, wafundela zonke abafundi emanyuvesi lobuchwepheshe.

isayensi

Article Poincaré eside ngaphambi amaphepha ka-Einstein ye aqukethe amazwi amalungiselelo main kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela wokuhlobana kwezinto. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso wokuhlobana kwezinto, ama-kwezinto umqondo simultaneity, iwashi ukuvumelanisa nge amasignali ukukhanya, Lorentz, akaguquki ngejubane lokukhanya, ukungaguquguquki we uMaxwell zibalo, nabanye abaningi.

Puankare Anri bahlakulele indlela encane ipharamitha wasisebenzisa izinkinga Mechanics yasezulwini, wabuye wafunda ngokuzimela zakudala inkinga emithathu umzimba. Ngisho ifilosofi wakwazi ukwakha isiqondiso entsha ngokuphelele, ngokuthi conventionalism.

ebuntwaneni

Kudabuka khona usosayensi omkhulu e Lorraine e Nancy eFrance Apreli 29, 1854. Uyise - Leon Puankare - ngaleso sikhathi ngisesemncani khulu, kodwa kakade owaziwa emzini futhi ezizungezile endaweni yi udokotela yokuthi wayengumuntu izifundo laboratory matasa futhi ozongitshela eMedical Faculty of the University. Unina - Eugenia - ekukhuliseni izingane. Indodakazi akuzange kumenze ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngendlela omncane Jules-Anri Puankare: matasa yakhe isikhathi baba edume.

Umama ubengazi ukuthi lokhu ukuntula lizisho azalwa naso inikezwe njengenkulumo, isikhulumi imicabango okujulile ngaphakathi ngokuphelele bathikamezeka ngokoqobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva idiphtheria Anri Puankare aluthola entsha izinga - ezihambisana unkamisa umsindo ngemibala ezithile. Ngezikhathi ezithile izingane (ikakhulukazi oyisimungulu ngokwemvelo) abe nale mfanelo. Anri Puankare igcinwe leli khono ukuphila.

isikole sasekhaya

Yena waxhumana ingane isazi yangempela nomuntu imfundo ububanzi, uthisha ozalwa - Alphonse Gintselin. Ngaphezu imithetho yolimi, umlando, amazwe futhi biology umfana ngokushesha yingcweti zonke imisebenzi emine izibalo futhi baba lula ukubala engqondweni yakho. imisebenzi Mfundisi akazange hamba they ungabhali lutho, ngakho kakhulu kakade inkumbulo sokuzwa wengane saba sibi kakhulu futhi laqiniswa. By the way, nenkanuko edlulele ingcaca yezinto akakuthandanga, uhlamvu kwadingeka ukunganakwa eziphikelelayo. Kwahamba ku lokususa indlela.

lyceum

Othisha nansiyskom Lyceum sijabule ngokuthi abakufundayo umfundi into eziyibonayo ngakho nangenkuthalo njengoba Puankare Anri. Wathola ukuqeqeshwa okuhle ikhaya enjalo, okuyinto ngokushesha waqala ukufunda ku-grade yesibili. Tindzaba ebhaliwe kahle, izibalo, futhi, kwakulula, kodwa uthando ekhethekile wakhe, akakalenzi wazizwa.

Eminyakeni embalwa kuphela kamuva Puankare Anri umama weza uthisha ningakhathazeki nendodana yakhe waprofetha esizayo omkhulu zezibalo. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, umfana nezifundo zakhe emnyangweni izincwadi ngokufaka upheqa Latin kanye zabuna lasendulo. Liberal ubuciko imfundo ngesikhathi usosayensi omkhulu iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha kwaba ngaphezu egcwele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona izenzakalo lukhulu emphilweni France nje kuphela kodwa futhi yonke iYurophu: iMpi Franco-Prussian futhi Paris isigodi.

inyuvesi

Double abe BA (Ulimi Ubuciko kanye Sciences), Puankare Anri waqala ukutadisha wezibalo aphansi - manje ngomdlandla ngempela. Futhi i-geometry, futhi algebra futhi izingabunjalo - konke lokhu sverhseroznaya ezincwadini zesayensi kwakunjani uswidi, waya ngokoqobo savored zonke umugqa imibhalo Rouche sika, uBertrand, Sala, Duhamel ngaye. wezibalo Elementary kanjalo azifunda ngonyaka.

ecole polytechnique

Ukuze isebenze kuhulumeni noma ibutho esikahle lobuchwepheshe, Puankare Anri owaba umfundi we the ecole Polytechnique, lapho ngokungangabazeki, kwaba phambili phakathi abafundi kuqala cishe kuto tonkhe tifundvo. Akazange siphumelele umdvwebo, sketching, futhi ezindabeni zezempi.

Ngo imidwebo yakhe, isibonelo, kwakungekho parallel noma bebuthanela, lapho bebehlala khona kufanele kube, noma ngisho imigqa eziqondile nje kuphela. Kodwa kuyi-physics, i-chemistry nezibalo ezingamaGreki, imfundo esenamandla ukuze ontanga yakhe azitholakalanga. Ngemva kokuphothula Ngokuzayo ecole Polytechnique usosayensi omkhulu nezifundo zakhe e-Intaba, okuyinto vele walibheka njengelibalulekile ucwaningo langempela.

esikoleni of Mines

Imibono esasifuna futhi wathola indlela yokuphuma ukucabanga kwakhe phakathi izifundo zakhe eSikoleni of Mines, eminyakeni embalwa iyoba isisekelo mqondo zobudokotela. Konke zazingazikhathazi izibalo, lapho isidlulile kube mnandi, kwasinda mineralogy eyodwa kuphela. Futhi hhayi ngisho mineralogy nesigaba zayo ngokuphathelene crystallography. Ngoba konke ayekwazi ngesikhathi Anri Puankare ku isayensi, Loach vilos emhlabeni imfundiso yokuziphendukela amaqembu, lapho kinematics kwezinto eziqinile plus crystallography - omunye amaphuzu ayinhloko isicelo yaleli gatsha wezibalo, kuyilapho cishe abstract. Ngakho mqondo lalotshwa. Useke lithole izindondo ezihlukahlukene kusukela osolwazi kanye nososayensi. mqondo akuniké lokufundisa amanyuvesi, kunalokho isazi omkhulu futhi wathatha isikhathi esithile wasebenza phezu ukusatshalaliswa Vesoul ezimayini. Ngo-1979, Anri Puankare University, wafika e-Cannes ukufundisa izingabunjalo.

Esiwujuqu 1881

Ngo 1881, onegunya kunabo Umagazini wesayensi French yashicilela isihloko phezu Poincaré Fuchsian imisebenzi, okuyinto kuye kwasusa umgoqo isayensi wezibalo. Eminyakeni emibili ezayo, kwakukhona izihloko ezingaphezu kuka amabili nanhlanu. zezibalo zaseYurophu zaqala ukuqapha eduze ngaso sonke izinkanyiso amasha ezibalo.

imisebenzi Fuchsian abazinikezele kwenye Izihloko ezinhlanu, ngayinye yaba khona ukutholakala wangempela ngokwesayensi. Naphezu dive okujulile kakhulu ku izibalo ngo 1881 by Jules-Anri Puankare kwadingeka isikhathi ukuthandana, ishade futhi ngithuthe kanye nomkhaya wakhe baseNormandy eParis ukuqala ukufundisa eyunivesithi.

Paris

Ngo inyuvesi inhlokodolobha sika ososayensi abasha izifundo ezine eziyinhloko Kwakuseshwa mayelana umehluko zibalo, Curves ebalulekile nge amaphuzu abo buningi umkhawulo imijikelezo, emele legatsha elisha wezibalo njengoba isayensi. Puankare Anri amabili ayisikhombisa akhethwe nowabaprofethi avele izincwadi, ukuba zihlale phezu azithele ngabandayo yethu akazange ashade, ngoba izindlela qualitative theory zibalo diffentsialnyh kuze noyedwa. Lesi sendlalelo ngokuyinhloko entsha wezibalo edingekayo utadisha: izindlela ipharamitha encane nemfundiso yokuziphendukela invariants ebalulekile, futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ukuzinza umehluko zibalo e nemingcele encane nemibandela kokuqala.

Kakade ngo-1886, Anri Puankare waba kwenhloko yomnyango physics zezibalo kanye okungenzeka theory at University of Paris, futhi ngo-1887 wakhethwa ilungu French Academy of Sciences. Ukuvulwa balandela okwatholwa: imfundiso yokuziphendukela imisebenzi automorphic, yomphindwa combinatorial, umehluko geometry, yomphindwa algebraic, okungenzeka theory, ukuhlaziywa obusebenzayo , nakweminye imikhakha eminingi yolwazi Akasekho imfihlakalo Puankare Anri.

physics

Ukuvevezela Three-ntathu we zezibalo physics ifomula inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela wave esiphelweni (umumo womsebenzi), inkinga ukushisa conduction, imfundiso yokuziphendukela bezikhali, inkolelo isimiso Dirichlet - lokhu akukona konke okwakuthiwe uphenyo, kuvunyelwe futhi wafakazela usosayensi brilliant esikhathini esifishane. Ngiseyingane, wababuka spellbound ekujuleni inkanyezi kobusuku, futhi Poincaré manje omdala wayazi ukuthi izinto ezisemkhathini hhayi kuphela ukunikeza ukukhanya ukuthi abantu ungabona iso ngezikhali zenyama, kodwa ezinye, ezicashile, ukuchaza umqondo. "Isayensi Hypothesis" Anri Puankare - umsebenzi, asikhanyisele Ezindabeni eziningi eziphathelene bezibona wobuntu imihlola ngokwesayensi.

Ngo-1889, wathola indondo amazwe imisebenzi yakhe "Mechanics yasezulwini", physics emithathu umzimba, yisiqubulo eyasebenza njengodonga string izinkondlo lasendulo ngesiLatini, ezithi: Nunquam praescriptos transibunt sidera izinhlawulo - "Musa kudlule emingceleni ebekwe zomhlaba." utadisha kule ndawo kwabangela indatshana emithathu ivolumu "izindlela ezintsha zika Mechanics yasezulwini", waba zakudala ucwaningo lwesayensi, hhayi kuphela kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi Mechanics, kodwa futhi quantum Mechanics kanye physics kwezibalo. Ngenxa yalokho, uProfesa Puankare Anri eSorbonne, wamenywa iNhloko yoMnyango ka Mechanics yasezulwini lapho, futhi walwamukela usizo. Eminyakeni eyishumi wokutadisha imfundiso yokuziphendukela okungenzeka kanye physics zezibalo ngesikhathi Paris lidlule efana ngosuku olulodwa.

zenith

Sebenza Puankare Anri "Isayensi Hypothesis" esanyatheliswa ngo-1902 futhi ngokuthi emibuthanweni yesayensi resonance abalulekile, kusukela usosayensi wabhala, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umqondo ogcwele kubantu wokuthi akukho ngokuphelele noma yini - futhi emkhathini noma ngesikhathi, abantu bazizwa ukunyakaza isihlobo kakhulu, ngisho nakuba babezizwa ezahlukene. Designated kuphela mechanical oda amaqiniso, futhi labo ngaphandle-Euclidean non-geometry asikwazi kuthathwe njengoba ngokwesayensi.

Phakathi nokuphila we Poincaré zonke izinhlobo izihloko, imiklomelo kanye nemiklomelo, ke yaqanjwa Paris Institute kweTibalo emgodini esikhulu (amnyama) ohlangothini inyanga.