Lev Davidovich Trotsky (Leiba Bronstein): Biography, nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe

Leiba Bronstein (i-alias Trotsky) kwaba abaholi abadumile zezombusazwe, umphakathi kanye nesimo Russian nawaseSoviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba negama phakathi nesazi isikhulumi onekhono, izihloko etemibhalo yakhe, tindzaba tekuticambela izincwadi, kanye ukusebenza bamlethela udumo simondzawo wamavukelambuso. Futhi, wabonisa amakhono ezehlukile yenhlangano nakwezempi, ubambe ezikhundleni ezehlukene njengelive lelitimele ekuphathweni kanye kuleli qembu.

Ezinye amaqiniso oluchaza

Leiba Bronstein wazalwa ngo sifundazwe Kherson ngo-1879. Yena uvela emkhayeni wamaJuda, abazali bakhe kwakunguMariya abanikazi bamazwe acebile. Wafunda esikoleni Odessa esikoleni, lapho kahle kungase kutholakale. Khona-ke waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Odessa, lapho wathumba imisinga izinguquko kanye nokuhlalisana kwabantu. Lapha yena wajoyina i-club, futhi kamuva ngisho waba omunye amalungu enyunyana zabasebenzi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile waphinde waboshwa futhi abadingisiwe, kodwa babalekela phesheya ngo-1902. Phakathi ejele isikhathi ayevalelwe ngaso, washada A. Sokolov, abangasizakalanga ngakho ohlukanisile, yize kamuva kabusha wadala umndeni. Ngakho, Leyba Bronshteyn owawusedolobheni ngaphansi intsha amafilosofi wamavukelambuso uphawu Sekuvele kufakazelwe uqobo ebusheni njengenhlangano umgqugquzeli asebenzayo futhi iyingozi.

esekudingisweni

Njengoba sekuyiminyaka emazweni amaningana aseYurophu, wathola udumo nakakhulu udumo. Yena sasheshe ukunakwa UVladimir Lenin, umholi abancome siyifake ku ibhodi Abahleli baleli phephandaba. Wazehlukanisa njengendlela umlobi abanamakhono lwezihloko, kodwa ukuthi imisebenzi zakhe babengekho elinganiselwe. Leiba Bronstein nengxenye ihlaya emcimbini, wayeyilungu Congress futhi ekuqaleni wadlalela ukubuyisana amaBolshevik kanye Mensheviks. Nokho, ngo-1904, kwalandela ikhefu yakhe Lenin, ayivusa ngisho wagxeka. Ngalesi sikhathi zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela revolution unomphela. Lo mbono Kusolwa ukuthi inguquko ngendlela yobunxiwankulu, abasebenzi waqaphela, kufanele uye entsha, isigaba sezenhlalo. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona kuqala phesheya, wadala umndeni yesibili N. Sedova, kodwa umshado wabo kwaba civil njengoba isehlukaniso kumkakhe wokuqala kwakungenziwanga semthethweni.

Inguquko lokuqala, futhi isigaba ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe lesibili

Leiba Bronstein wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo kakhulu ekuphileni kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, hhayi nje kuphela emazweni aseYurophu, walandela intuthuko Russia eduze. Lapho umbuso waqala inguquko yokuqala ngo-1905, ngokushesha waphindela kwelakubo yaholela Petersburg yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Abasebenzi. Kodwa, waboshwa futhi wagwetshwa isixhumanisi esisha, waphinde wakwazi ukubaleka. Phesheya, waqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe ukushicilela ukuthi uphikisa empini futhi ngambiza abantu amaqembu alwayo ukungamlaleli ohulumeni. Nokho, akazange avumelane isiqubulo kukaLenin mayelana isidingo kokugqashuka yezimpi zombango. Waya emazweni amaningana aseYurophu, kodwa iye njalo waphoqeleka ukuba, njengoba kwakubhekwa njengendlela wamavukelambuso yingozi. Wayeya ngebhasi-United States, izwe kwagxila elinamandla kuye amandla akhe zezimboni, owamsiza ukuba bagomela umqondo bokuphakama yayo phezu uthi European. Ngo-1917, ekuqaleni inguquko entsha, Trotsky ebuyela eRussia futhi ngokushesha wajoyina emzabalazweni.

Eyesibili revolution futhi umsebenzi wezepolitiki

Ngalesi sikhathi ama-dolobha yalelo zwe ukuthi ungcwatshwa nezibhelu. Manengi amaqembu, amaqembu kanye amaqembu ahlukahlukene wabalwela amandla. Leiba Bronstein, ogama imisebenzi kule nkathi uye yazuza kwenkululeko ikakhulukazi ububanzi, yebo, akakwazanga ukuhlala kude. Anakho eziningi abasekeli bakhe wajoyina iqembu kwamaBolshevik futhi wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo kakhulu ukulungiswa Okthoba lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Sibambe elikhulu phakathi kwamasosha kanye amatilosi, sibonga ubugagu bakhe sabenza bakhangwa nohlangothi lwakhe.

Ngemva amaBolshevik liqala ukubusa , Trotsky labetibambile eziningana ehola izikhundla zezombusazwe; yena waba Yabantu Commissar eMnyangweni wezangaPhandle, bese kwaholela zamabutho empi nabo lasolwandle, eqinisweni waba umdali ibutho elisha. Kodwa ngemva Stalin sithole amandla, kancane kancane balahlekelwa izikhundla zabo, bese waxoshwa kuleli zwe ngo-1929. iminyaka eyishumi nanye kamuva, Leiba Bronstein (okuyinto imiklomelo - Order of Red Banner), wabulawa eMexico.

He is umbhali we imisebenzi eminingana ngomlando Russian ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso, kanye okukhuluma.