Colonels - diktitura abantu ebuthweni lempi eGreece. izici sici Junta

Ubushiqela we colonels eGreece kwaba indawo ebukekayo emlandweni wombuso. Iminyaka 7 khona kuleli zwe wayiqeda nyá tikhungo tentsandvo yelinyenti. Aphikisayo libhujisiwe, inkosi abadingisiwe, abezindaba abangu uvalwe elawulwa. Uma usuqalile ekutadisheni ngale nkathi emlandweni YesiGreki, ososayensi wababiza amandla hhayi kuphela njengoba ekhona ngesikhathi kubusa umashiqela samasosha undlovukayiphikiswa, kokubalula anti-abantu bakhe ubunjalo umsebenzi.

Izimbangela nemibandela Icebo lika

Ngo-1965, Korol Pavel washona ngo eGrisi, kuyinto sezombusazwe omuhle. Wasidalula ezazinamandla phakathi kwamaqembu epolitiki, ibutho kanye bakahulumeni. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela sobukhosi indodana yakhe uConstantine. Ngeshwa, indlalifa akazange zinethonya anjalo esikhathini emibuthanweni eliphakeme kwezombangazwe nakwezempi, njengoyise. Izwe liye langena enkathini eyiminyaka inhlekelele yezombangazwe. Inkosi kanye nanoma yimuphi uhulumeni ayikwazanga ukuthola ulimi olufanayo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile siphela. Umphumela waba nesimo sibi kakhulu ekuphileni zezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe, okuyinto ngokulandelana, yaba nethonya ukuthuthuka komnotho kanye nomphakathi. Lesi simo yayikhona kuze 1967, lapho i-Black Colonels (noma Junta) ashaqe amandla.

Greece ngosuku olwandulela le Icebo lika

Kakade 1966, kwakusondela igagasi lokushisekela imiboniso kanye imibuthano. Ngo-January abasebenzi isiteleka nabasebenzi inani izinkulungwane zabantu 80 ngo-June - abasebenzi ayizinkulungwane 20 emabhange kanye 6,000 abasebenzi leposi, izinkulungwane 150 bakahulumeni Athene abhikisha emigwaqweni, futhi ngo-October akhwela abakhi kulo lonke izwe laseGrisi, kubala ezinhlwini yayo izinkulungwane zabantu 180 . Izidingo iziteleka ikakhulukazi babe kwezomnotho ngokwemvelo, nakuba kwakunabamemezeli esho neziqubulo zezombusazwe: "ukhetho Mahhala" "Phansi nge uhulumeni".

Ezinye osombusazwe baye labikezela kuphakame amandla ubushiqela wezempi. Ngo XX leminyaka ngokuvamile umlando lesiGreki kwenzeka: ngo-1923, 1925, 1936, 1953. Njengomthetho, ubushiqela liqala ukubusa isikhathi esifushane ukusungula ukuzinza kanye oda kuleli zwe, khona-ke ukudlulisa amandla emphakathini. colonels Black eGreece, 1967-1974 GG. Kwakuwusuku ngaphandle.

Nakuba abanye ababikezela kuyanda ukuze amandla ezempi, abanye baye babonisa ukuthi inkathi ubushiqela sesivele sidlulile eYurophu. "Umphakathi wezwe lakithi futhi kwamanye amazwe kuyoba ngokumelene nalo, bese amasosha ngokwabo, ukwenza isifungo ukuvikela amalungelo ezakhamizi ngeke uphakamisele isandla kubo," - ngakho uthe Junta waphika ukuthi kungenzeka eza namandla. Nokho, konke kwahamba kahle lokho! I-University of Athens lalibuye ufunde uchungechunge lwezinkulumo ekhuthaza kuzuze ubushiqela ezimweni zezombusazwe nzima.

Icebo lika lempi

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1967 izinkinga sezombusazwe usezuze ngezabelo elishaqisayo. Apreli 21 umcimbi obalulekile - amandla afanelekile kuleli zwe liketulwa. Oshayelayo isimo waba Junta we colonels. Kwakungekhona a revolution olunegazi, kwaba ukuvukela uMbuso. Ekuseni ngovivi, inhloko-dolobha, labantu yavuswa ukuhamba amathangi emigwaqweni Athens. Umsakazo kakade ezwa lesi saziso ukuthi amandla lidlule ezandleni ezempi. Zathi: Greece phambi Icebo lika wahlala ezweni ampofu kwezombusazwe e-Europe, futhi amaqembu esebenza undemocratically. Amandla waba umholi owaphikisa, athola ezinhlwini uhulumeni. Kwakuyisikhathi nezinxushunxushu yesimilo netembusave ephelele.

Military luphumelele ngaphandle enkingeni kakhulu ukugumbuqela umbuso, isb. A. Population cishe 100% kwaba ngabo. Amasosha lonke XX leminyaka kwakheka isithombe "abahluleli" asungula ukuzinza nokulinganisela phakathi lonke leminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekela labantu Black Colonels iwine ngemva izitatimende zabo abazijwayele nezinkinga nezifiso zabantu abavamile.

triumvirate 1967-1974

Ngemva Icebo lika lizwe ngokusemthethweni wabusa ngokuhlanganyela, kodwa amandla kwangempela u bagxila ezandleni triumvirate - G. Papadopoulos, S. Pattakos, N. Makarezos. Eyokuqala yalezi kamuva waba umbusi ematheni Greece. Ngo-1967, amasosha athatha izintambo, okuyinto, empeleni, iyona Black Colonels. Greece ngemva kweminyaka intando yeningi engaphezu kwengu-20 zikhunjulwe ukuthi uhulumeni wobushiqela ezinjalo.

Papadopulos UGeorgios

Ngazalwa ngo-emkhayeni wothisha zasemakhaya yePeloponnese. Isifunda ngokomlando ibingeyinhle neze, ngakho abantu noma avame ukuhamba, noma wangena ebuthweni, ungenisile lapha yini. uthola isiphetho esinjena kwamehlela George. Ngokushesha wathola isikhundla esiphakeme emsebenzini, njengoba ephakama elisezingeni sombutho. Engaged ezindabeni ekusithekeni, ke eyayihilelekile ukusungulwa oxhumana ne Mexican inkonzo intelligence CIA. Ngineminyaka engu avaliwe kakhulu futhi osolisayo ocinene.

Makarezos Nicolas

Ngokwe-Umlando wabantu ababephila, kunguye kakhulu athuthukile ngokuhlakanipha amalungu abameleli triumvirate. ukuqina aqaphelekayo ngobuqili, akwazi ukuthola nokuqalisa yasekuqaleni ngempela futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, imibono kunesidingo. Ngalalela nabeluleki bakhe ubalalele. Phakathi wayengeyena umashiqela elibhekele izindawo ebaluleke kakhulu isimo - emnothweni, bekholelwa ukuthi kabusha kwawo kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi isimo ukuzinza ngaphakathi isimo. Njengoba ilungu triumvirate "Black Colonels", yayisalokhu umsekeli okuqina zedivayisi republic.

Pattakos Stillianos

Kwakuthinta ngokuphelele "ofakwe" izici ezempi, nakuba bonke abanye bahlala umuntu lolulingene, Nokho, akazange azame ibukeke i bokusungula. Ngo-1940 wathola iziqu esikoleni sobusosha nge Papadopoulos. Isici esiphawulekayo sasiwukuthi Ngokungafani nezinye izibalo esiphakeme wesikhathi akazange abe yemilindankosi. Wayeyindoda kakhulu inkolo futhi egqoka yonke indawo nge isithonjana umndeni. Wayevame esikhundleni Papadopoulos emihlanganweni esemthethweni.

Ukuzama counterrevolution

Kuwo wonke amalungu elite zezombusazwe "dohuntovskogo" Imodi, eyodwa kuphela wavelelwa ukumelana ivulekele ubushiqela. Kwatholakala Korol Konstantin. Wathola ababili, ne okwakukhona P. Kanellopoulos futhi G. Papandreou. Ayazi kahle ukuthi amathuba lokushintsha le triumvirate kuncane, kodwa, nokho, asekelwe inkosi.

Colonels babazi counterrevolution okusondelayo ngisho nabo ngokwabo, sokucasuka ke. On 12 December, banikeza ultimatut nenkosi ayezoba zisuswe okuthunyelwe undunankulu K. Kolliasa futhi nazanachit Papadopoulos esikhundleni sakhe. Sami Kwagqashuka ngosuku olulandelayo. Iplani kwakungukuthi wasithatha okuthunyelwe ka induna abasebenzi yempi. Inkosi yakhuluma kwelinye iziteshi ne ebhekisela kubantu ngesiGreki. Nokho, baseGreece akenzanga lutho aphume ukuze, njengoba wabiza iNkosi uPhilip. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha bahlala bethembekile Papadopoulos, nokucindezela kwavukelwa Kwadlula buthule njengoba kwase kuqalile. Inkosi uqobo lwayo waphoqeleka ukuba niye ekudingisweni yokuzithandela eRoma.

Ngakusasa colonels black babengabahwebi emsakazweni. Babika ukuthi nenhlangano yezigelekeqe esebenza wafuna ukubhubhisa isimo nokususa amandla, usebenzisa iNkosi. Ngakho, le nkosi icala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu kahulumeni baye babonisa ubuqotho babo yokubusa kwamakhosi, kanye ekumeni of royal nomndeni "ehlotshisiwe" amakamelo bomphakathi.

izici zezombangazwe Junta

Colonels umbuso iGrisi ngokucacile babenamathela thize izenzo zabo futhi wancika ukhonkolo "izikhonkwane."

Okokuqala, kwakukhona ababethanda i nge lonke ukuphikiswa. It wawuvinjelwe, futhi bonke ababenezifo lwemibono leyehlukene zezombusazwe, ashushiswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umsebenzi sanwetshwa okuhlushwa.

Okwesibili, yonke iminyaka e amandla, lo Junta senzeke ngaphansi iziqubulo emzabalazweni ngokumelene nobukhomanisi. AmaGreki ayengewona nxazonke sizungezwe amazwe sezenhlalo. Futhi, ngokuvumelana Uhulumeni, ubukhomanisi 'uyophula ku ikhanda lesiGreki sika. "

Okwesithathu, iphalamende usuhlakazekile futhi wonke amaqembu ezombusazwe kuleli zwe. Kanjalo Papadopoulos wawenqaba umqondo ukudala eqembu lakhe, t. Ukuze. Ngokubona kwakhe, kwaba akudingekile. Amandla futhi ngalokho babhekane yemfanelo wabo ngokugcwele.

Okwesine, abamnyama colonels amafilosofi wadala umoya yamaGreki Christian, ukuphikisana bangamakhomanisi abalwé inkolo. Junta ukwakha umphakathi osekelwe phezu kwezifiso Christian, enombono kokudalwa 'abantu omkhulu ngesiGreki. " imibono abangamaKrestu okusakazwa yonke indawo: ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zemfundo kanye ngisho ibutho. Kuzo zonke imizi Greece babe amaphosta ukushaya ukutshala izindinganiso zobuKristu.

Bomnotho ka 1973-1974. futhi ukuwa Junta

Colonels athatha izintambo ngaphansi banner yesixazululo kwezinkinga zezomnotho, ezombusazwe nezenhlalo. Lokho ingxenye labantu abakholelwa ke, eminyakeni badumazeka emandleni ezempi abangabulawanga ngizolishiya, nginikeza amandla ukuze uhulumeni zomsebenzi. Njengoba iminyaka idlula, isimo somnotho sisibi. Qala inqubo emali, ngesilinganiso okuyinto kunalelo ukukhula inkokhelo kuleli zwe. Labantu ayisasekelwa le Junta. Khona-ke, uhulumeni wanquma ukungabe ubeke umkhawulo ekukhuleni intengo njengoba abakhiqizi waphendula omubi kakhulu ke ubushiqela we Colonels kuthunyelwe iflothi price khulula kuka 150 izinhlobo zezimpahla kanye namasevisi. Amanani rose nakakhulu!

Besilokhu lilwisana umbuso nezidingo ukukhethwa ngokwentando yeningi, kanye nokubuya kwenkosi. On izimangalo efuna amaholo aphezulu, uHulumeni uziphendulele ngokuthi ezingeni yomholo incike ukukhiqiza, ekwenza kucace ukuthi lokhu kwanda engalindelekile. ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu baqhubeka.

Ukuze ngandlela-thile ukuphazamisa abantu ezinkingeni yangaphakathi, umbuso Colonels banquma ukuqhuba impi encane enqobile, okuyinto kulindeleke ungasinika Cyprus. Kwathi ngo-July 1974. Nokho, ukuhlaselwa Greece abangu kwawona, amabutho baphoqeleka ukuba baphume baphele esiqhingini. Ngemva kwalokho, le Junta iye abafudukayo, futhi amandla lidlule ezandleni uhulumeni wentando yeningi. Kuleli nenkathi yeminyaka engu-7 we colonels eGreece iphelile.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka e amandla, lo Colonels kuhlulekile ukuletha Greece aphume esibucayi kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho. Isimo laphinda kwayibhebhethekisa kuleli zwe, inani labantu siya ampofu emini. Zonke kwaholela yokuthi umbuso esiphikisayo kwenzeka, ubengase ulinde aphakeme Ukunganeliseki isiqongo wobushiqela. Kwathi emveni kokuba njalo kwenye ukwehluleka eKhupro. Omashiqela ngokugwetshwa. Papadopoulos, Makarezos, Pattakos isigwebo sentambo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi washintshelwa isigwebo sikadilikajele. Yaphela kanjalo-ke inkathi, asele ibala elimnyama emlandweni impucuko ngesiGreki.