Ivan Ilyin - sefilosofi, ummeli kanye isikhulumi

Imibono ukuthi washumayela Ivan Ilyin, isazi sefilosofi ngomusa kaNkulunkulu, manje ibhekene uvuke futhi. Abantu abaningi baye baba umbuso wokuqala ukucaphuna futhi abeke izimbali ku ithuna lakhe. Lokhu kuyinto exakayo nakakhulu ngoba ngokuvamile sefilosofi Russian Ivan Ilyin yayibekwe phakathi izinkolelo-mbono Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni kanye neo-wobushiqela. Kwenzekani ngempela?

slavjanofilstvo

Ivan Ilyin - sefilosofi isiRashiya, lwendabuko, abathunjelwe 1922 kwi "zefilosofi" njengoba lesi sikebhe Russia njengoba ngokuphelele abalamukeli wezombusazwe esungulwe ezweni lakubo. Slavjanofilstvo kuwo hhayi axoshwe noma ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, futhi ISIFISO ubuhlungu - Russian wayemthanda ngayo yonke inhliziyo yakhe. Revolution njalo waqonda njengoba isifo saleli zwe, okuyinto manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyokwenzeka, bese kufika imvuselelo. Ivan Ilyin, isazi sefilosofi Russian of Russian wacabanga njalo, ukuphila kwakhe kwasuswa elinde amahora wakhe zokululama futhi imizamo yabo bakwazi ukusondela kuye.

izitatimende zefilosofi kukhona zokudala: akusiwona ngaphandle amakhono nokuphila engaphakathi umphefumulo. Futhi ifilosofi njalo ebaluleke ukwedlula ukuphila, ngoba uphela ukuphila. Nokho, ukuphila kuyindaba wefilosofi lwaluvelaphi, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu. I okuhle, imibuzo efanele - engazange art esingaphansi izimpendulo ezishaya emhloleni. Nazi yosesho kanye okuzobe kudlalelwa lezi zinkinga ezinkulu Ivan Ilyin, isazi sefilosofi kanye Slavophile, wayesebenze ukuphila kwakhe.

ubuzwe

Ukufunda izincwadi, ikakhulukazi izinkondlo, Ivan Aleksandrovich kubhekwe elilingana clairvoyance e esebeyinyama kwezobuciko, futhi usefuna ukuthethelelwa uhla ukufunda, eziningi wayengatshela ngempela isihambi. Isazi sefilosofi kuqhathaniswa umfundi nge isixha sezimbali eqoqwe ngesikhathi sokufunda, futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi umuntu kumelwe nakanjani babe kahle ukuthi wafunda izincwadi.

Londoloza siqu "uhlamvu Russian", ubuzwe okusho ukuthi ngomqondo truest izwi, cishe akunakwenzeka, ngokuvumelana Ilyin, uma kungekhona uthando izinkondlo by izimbongi Russian ngubani bobabili abaprofethi kazwelonke, futhi abaculi kazwelonke. IsiRashiya, uthandana izinkondlo, awukwazi denationalized, ngisho noma izimo kuzodinga ke.

Anti-ubukhomanisi

Ivan Ilyin - sefilosofi yokuziphatha kobuKristu. Wayebheka socialism bazonda umphakathi nangokuthi ubukhomanisi wakhuluma ngokufutheka ngekutsi: socialism terroristich, wobushiqela kanye nomona, kanye nobukhomanisi okuphuma emlonyeni lokhu kungcolisa ifike futhi ngokukhululekile, ngolaka. Nokho, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukuthi yayisetshenziswa nezazi Russian uye zazivame njalo (futhi namanje ivame) ukuze socialism is enamandla kakhulu, kwaba eduze kuye eduze imiqondo Paris isigodi (inkululeko, ukulingana, ubuzalwane ndawonye, hhayi ubuphekula), kanye uhlelo olulodwa ngaphezulu nezazi sezenhlalo akakaze afune.

Ilyin nezimpendulo zemibuzo efana umhlaziyi zakudala, owayefundelwa inkolo namasiko: nezihlakaniphi kuthonywa okunengqondo "Western" imfundo, it is balahlekelwa cishe ngokuphelele esingokwemvelo kubantu Russian ukholo lobuKristu, kodwa izandla ezimbili nibambe nokuziphatha kobuKristu. Yilokho ngoba imithetho ebekiwe futhi ukuhleleka emphakathini, kodwa hhayi yokuthi bangakwazi kungalondolozwa kuphilile kuzo izisekelo ukuphila kwangempela ngaphansi socialism.

wobushiqela

Ilina ukubukwa mayelana wobushiqela bekhungathekile ngempela ozakwethu hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi abantu abavamile ezihlakaniphile. Wayelethwa ezivela eRussia abadingisiwe, ohlala eJalimane, e-umsuka Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni, efundisa sikhungo, nakuba isiRashiya, kodwa siqukethe in the ANCYL jikelele Aubert - ngenhlangano emelene lamakhomanisi, okuyinto kuqhathaniswa yimuphi enobudlelwane neSoviet Union, bogey ukwesaba obomvu , futhi nomthelela imisebenzi yonke amabutho anti-lamaKhomanisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulo lonke sidlule ulwazi sefilosofi ilin Ivan Aleksandrovich ufake eningi ngomzamo zibe ukudalwa le nhlangano eziyihlazo, njengoba omunye Abadali zayo. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa, ngasendleleni, kuze 1950 - ngakho lokho olukhuni waphenduka.

Ngo Auber League bonke babengaphansi ekhona ngesikhathi izinhlangano undlovukayiphikiswa, ngisho iQembu LamaNazi kanye party kukaMussolini. Ilyin babekholelwa wobushiqela ukunyakaza sasivumela enempilo, ewusizo, futhi empeleni kuyadingeka, ngoba kuwumphumela yokusabela kuya Bolshevism njengoba ilungelo lomphakathi-wabathengi amandla. Ukusho sefilosofi Russian Ilyin mayelana kuwusizo wobushiqela ayikwazi zisenza sibe imizwelo engakhi phi ntu, owayeneminyaka okunje isikhathi Soviet. Ubilise ngokufutheka ihloniphekile futhi iletha Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya - phambi kwamehlo akhe.

Neomonarhizm

Ilyin, isazi sefilosofi of Russian wabhala eziningi, ikakhulukazi ekhalela ukuthi abantu Russian ukhohlwe kanjani ukuba abe nenkosi. Ngokubona kwakhe, Russia bangaphila kuphela autocracy, kunoma yiliphi elinye icala, chaos ensues. By republic umbuso ezweni lawo yena babhekwa hhayi kwaguqulwa. Revolution eRussia, ngokuvumelana Ilyin, kuyinto usengozini ofayo, isazi sefilosofi ubona kulo kuphela kuyihlazo. Ugcwele inhloso ukulwa kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi isimiso, nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngokuvumelana ngokubambisana neNhlangano izinhlangano undlovukayiphikiswa. Ukuzivumelanisa noshintsho uhlelo wayefuna bedelela labo ebuyela eRussia.

Kakade namathathu banesifo esibi ekolishi izinkulumo Ilyin wabikezela ngezinga eliphezulu zenjabulo impi phakathi kweJalimane ne-Soviet Union. Isikhundla ukuchaza ngokucacile futhi kuze kube phakade. Ngaphambili, uqhathanisa nonina eRussia ogulayo, wabuza umfundi: uma ikhefu kungenzeka embhedeni ngokuzethemba ngokuthi intombazane inecala zokugula kwakhe? Futhi uyasiphendula: Yebo, kungenzeka ukuba uhambe. Kodwa imithi udokotela. Ilyin wakhetheka yakhe. Odokotela abamhlophe "umama ogulayo" iwine ngokushesha, kuyilapho zefilosofi wahlala eceleni kombhede wakhe. Futhi nakuba Hitler wazithola udokotela-umbulali, kodwa wanqoba.

nababusi balo

Russian I. A. ilin, isazi sefilosofi isiRashiya, kubhekwe wonkana, futhi kule wayengumuntu ngokuphelele kwesokudla. Leli zwe ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle kobuhlungu ngoba lonke izwe. Esihlokweni esithi "Yini ukukhishwa kwengalo ezweni Russia," esho ngokuzethemba uthi nje enqwabelanisa ka ahamba ingxenye enkulu yensimu nezizwana assorted. Russia - eziphilayo. Labo wabalisa mayelana nenkululeko yezizwe kanye ukuzimela kwezombusazwe, Ilyin waphendula ngokuthi isimo sandulela kuqondana division nezezizwe abantu ungakaze futhi ndawo akukenzeki. Izindaba kungabonwa kobufakazi obuqand 'ikhanda lokhu ukugomela emhlabeni wezizwe eziningi ezincane abangakwazi lokuzibusa futhi uzimele geqe.

Ngokusho sefilosofi, Russia azisetshenziswa ukubhapathiza ngempoqo futhi Russification jikelele nokho kahle sekungamakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka zikhona eziningi njengoba yaba umbuso onamandla. Kulokhu, Ilyin ubiza denationalization ka nemave lamaKhomanisi bese egalitarianism lamaKhomanisi, hhayi uzifaka mayelana nezizathu ukuvela phakathi inguquko, "khona enhle." Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi Uzungu wezizwe ukukhishwa kwengalo Russia uyaphupha kuvela ukuthi isikhathi eside kakhulu.

sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni

Futhi lapha it is hhayi etshalwa ndawonye. Kungakhathaliseki Ilyin, isazi sefilosofi akuyona nezimo kakhulu, uvalo kusukela Babelana ezifihlekile wobushiqela (nakuba lokhu kubonakala kungeke, nahlulele ngomsebenzi wakhe okwengeziwe, zengqondo akukashintshi), noma Sokusebenzela German National, eyayintula ohlelweni zako ezisemqoka, eziningi amaphuzu maqondana non-amaJalimane bayibone Ilyina umsekeli ngempela abashisekayo ukubukwa undlovukayiphikiswa, kodwa ngo-1938 isazi sefilosofi Russian sezombusazwe eduze nentshisekelo amaGestapo.

Ngaphezu izinkulumo ngesikhathi Russian Isikhungo Russian njengoba abalobi ku izisekelo ubulungiswa namasiko, futhi, isiRashiya, ngekusasa ukuvuselelwa Russia - hhayi kombuso wamaSoviet, inkolo ngokuvamile futhi Russian Church ethile, Ilyin kwaba ukuhlela Wrangel EMRO (Russian Zonke-Military Union ) kusukela ekuqaleni eko kwekhulu elidlule futhi kwaba kuze kube sekupheleni iphefumlelwe ngemibono. Ilin kahle ngokwanele futhi wayazi abaholi NTS - (! Futhi inkampani eyodwa) National Alliance of Solidarists Russian - futhi wasebenza eduze kakhulu nabo, nakuba yimiphi amaqembu kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila, akazange afike. Noma kunjalo, yonke imisebenzi yayo ayeqondiswe ngokuphelele ekulweni neSoviet Union.

non-ukweseka

Philosophy nezepolitiki akuvamile Ubonakala usondele ngokwanele abantu kanye esihlobene eduze ngamunye neminye iminako, kodwa ngezinye Ilina athatha endaweni emaphakathi ngemisebenzi, futhi emisebenzini yomphakathi. Izinkulumo ngezihloko zezombusazwe, uye uhambo kulo lonke elaseYurophu: wayengumuntu e-Austria, eYugoslavia Czech Republic, Belgium, eSwitzerland, Latvia, Germany - ukusebenza engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili e iminyaka eyishumi kwaze kwaba ngo-1938.

Kushicilelwe kulo lonke cindezela emigre, "Revival", "Russian engavumelekile", "Era okusha", "Indlela Entsha", "Russia nase lwamaSlav", "Russian" - zonke izinhlelo kanye nawe igama it. "Insimbi isiRashiya," wanyathelisa yena. Futhi njalo ngokumelene Okwesithathu International. Nokho, aktivnichaya predfashistskoy zezombusazwe futhi kakade kanzima Europe kaHitler, Illin zenani nonpartisan yakhe. Mhlawumbe yingakho amaGestapo wayekubheka insufficiently abaqotho Sokusebenzela National. izincwadi zakhe Kuboshwe savimbela yokufundisa, kanye nanoma yikuphi izitatimende esidlangalaleni.

Esikhathini komhlaba

Germany wakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa ukushiya umndeni Ilyin wawuvinjelwe iziphathimandla zamaNazi. Indlela yokuziphilisa uvinjiwe ngokuphelele ngenxa mthetho kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo womsebenzi, okuyinto ephethwe Ilyin. Isakhiwo esisha sokuhlala yeSwitzerland wakhethwa, ezweni elinothile, futhi akazange angene empini. Visa zazitholakala ngosizo nabangane nabantu obajwayele, futhi ngo-1938 isazi sefilosofi kuxazululwe phezu emaphethelweni Zurich e Zollikon. Shicilela umsebenzi wakhe anti-lamaKhomanisi of Ivan Ilyin abayekanga, bamane waya engabhalisiwe, engaziwa.

izincwadi ezimbili neshumi nanhlanu safinyelela ROVS sisodwa iWhite Guard. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi zinto kwaba incwadi, "Umsebenzi wethu," kodwa asishicilelwa Ilyin. Isazi sefilosofi, ogama amabhuku ngokuzumayo ebuyela eRussia futhi Friend ngokwanele wafunda leli, ziningi izincwadi ungalindi. Imisebenzi yakhe eyinhloko, kuhlanganise ethandwa - "Ukucula Inhliziyo", zashicilelwa iminyaka 1956-1958 ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Ngezinye kakhulu lapho ukuphela kokuphila kwakhe, ngo-1953, yanyatheliswa ucezu aziloba eminyakeni engaphezu kuka amathathu - ". Axioms nakho yenkolo"

inkumbulo uyabuya

Okusanda eRussia zihanjiswe futhi zingcwatshwe Ilina umzimba, Shmelev futhi Denikin. Zonke tombstones Kwamiswa ku imali siqu uMongameli V. Putina. Dēmosthenous emngcwabeni Denikin ukuthi uzwakalise okokuqala, kodwa sefilosofi Ilyin abantu main kuleli zwe ocashunwe muva kaningi impela. Ngisho eMkhandlwini Federal uMongameli equkethwe lesisho kunalokho eside. Izixhumanisi Ilyin kwakuzwakala kusukela izindebe Attorney General Ustinov futhi Deputy Head wokuPhathwa koMhlaba le ezibiyele Surkov. Futhi-ke, njengoba iqhawe yenkolelo Ilyin ehloniphekile kakhulu ROC.