Umlando ePeterhof kusukela ekubuseni uPetru mina kuze kube namuhla

Omunye izigodlo emangalisayo kakhulu futhi enhle European etholakala eduze Petersburg ngaphansi kwegama ePeterhof waziwa. Umlando uchaza kafushane ukudalwa ndawo amazing. Futhi sizama ukuya ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni ePeterhof.

indawo enhle

Inganekwane ethile ithi indawo leli dolobha wakhetha yena uPetru I. 1705 lapho kuqhamuka isikebhe esincane "Munker" Wanamathela eGulf of Finland, 40 km kusuka lakhiwa Petersburg. Ngakho it kalula umkhathizwe ebonakalayo ka oLwandle iBaltic futhi lesi siqhingi enkulu, lapho ngaleso sikhathi wakha nenqaba esesabekayo - Kronshlot. Ngo 1708 kwafika kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala Manor eyakhelwe Popovski esigodlweni sokhuni uPetru mina, owabiza yinkosi "horomtsy". Waqala kanjalo-ke umlando ePeterhof.

Le phrojekthi phambi yokuhlala

Ngo 1710, izinyathelo zokuqala aguqule ibe okunethezeka horomtsev ePeterhof zesigodlo Benziwe. Umlando usitshela ukuthi uPetru mina ngemva kokunqoba kwakhe Sweden saya France. Lapho, wafunda kusakhiwo brilliant French zokuhlala bobukhosi - Choisy, Trianon, Versailles. Ngokukhethekile sakhokhwa izixazululo ahlukahlukene lobuchwepheshe kanye umshini izingxenye amapaki nemithombo.

Ngo 1716, inkosi yayala kusuka wezakhiwo France odumile Aleksandra Leblona, emgcobela umakhi jikelele ikusasa ePeterhof. Abaningi imibono ehlanganiswe ukuphila abaklami Italian - Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, Nikolo Miketti, inkosi imithombo - baseVenice Giuliano futhi Giovanni Barattini.

Ukutholakala lokuqala

Umsebenzi ku ukwakhiwa ePeterhof babe ngesivinini Amazing, futhi ngo-August 1725 labetibambile ukuvulwa walo omkhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi wenza emithonjeni kakhulu, kwathiwa bemba Sea Canal futhi zibekwe epaki, waphindze wakha izigodlo encane - Marly futhi Monplaisir.

Ukuhlonishwa ukwenza isakhiwo lokuqala ayenomkhuba ePeterhof M. G. Zemtsovu - wezakhiwo odumile waseRussia. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ku-site zazingekho izindawo abalimi owakha ke. Siyabonga kusakhiwo ecacile ePeterhof wathola izimo ezimbili ezengeziwe - abalimi isimo Yakhiwa izindlu Ingcweti inkantolo - Cavaliers.

Wamatshe ayigugu Works, kwakheka 1725, kwaba isikhungo sokuqala zezimboni, okuyinto wathola ePeterhof. Umlando yomsuka ihlobene eduze ukwakhiwa kwalesi wobuciko yezakhiwo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ifektri iye esingatha itshe, elalisetshenziswa ukwakha izigodlo nezingadi izakhiwo ezakhiwo edolobheni esizayo. Ngalesi sikhathi sesiqalile umsebenzi ukwakhiwa amanzi amapayipi, eyayizoba uthuthukise ePeterhof imithombo. Umlando waleli isakhiwo enamandla wokubacindezela kwaqala ngo embhedeni emfuleni Ropsha. Kwaba amanzi wakhe kwakufanele abhake amanzi ukuze yonke imithombo futhi epaki Ensemble okuthiwa ePeterhof.

Umlando lwesigodlo ekhulwini XVII-XVIII.

Phakathi nokubusa Catherine mina no-Anny Ioannovny ePeterhof bakwenze imibono nokuthuthukiswa ezakhiwo uPetru I. esihlalweni sobukhosi Elizaveta Petrovna, wabangenisa indodana edumile Carlo Rastrelli, yena owayesevele wazibonakalisa wezakhiwo ekhaliphile. Francesco Rastrelli kwaholela umsebenzi kabusha ePeterhof. Lapho-ke aguqulwa Upper Chamber, Upper ehlotshisiwe engadini. Futhi isakhiwo esisha Elizabethan lamiswao, okuyinto organically wangena ePeterhof kakade landscaped.

Umlando alisho lutho noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu wokubusa uCatherine II. Zonke kugucuka kule nkathi yayiba izinguquko umhlobiso ingaphakathi ezigodlo namathuna ekuqambeni kabusha umzimba Elizabethan e uCatherine.

Ngesikhathi ukubusa yesihlalo sobukhosi Paul mina, izakhiwo ezakhiwo ePeterhof esiphuthumayo ukulungiswa ezinkulu, futhi asibekela nemithombo cishe akukho nomphumela. Kwathatha iminyaka engu-kabusha yonke mass of the complex esigodlweni. Ububanzi umsebenzi sasisikhulu kangangokuba ukubuyiselwa sokugcina ePeterhof elalikhona ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho isihlalo sobukhosi wahlala indodana uPawulu mina - Alexander I.

EPeterhof ekhulwini XIX

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu kule ePeterhof Emaphethelweni Kwakudingeka izakhamuzi zalapho izindlu ngamashumi amahlanu ehlukahlukene izakhiwo okungezona zokuhlala - ezitebeleni, emadlangaleni, nokuningi. U-Alexander I ngaphambilini yokwakha izakhiwo amabi kakhulu. Imiklamo izakhiwo ezintsha badalwa V P. Stasovym nabanye. Siguqulwe sakhiwo saba emabhalekisini a regiments ambalwa nalawo agibela amahhashi.

Lapho Nicholas mina endaweni ePeterhof sanwetshwa ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa komhlaba empumalanga Lower Park. Kusukela 1826 ePeterhof isakhiwo kwahambisana by ezimbili storey cottage, elalingelamaFilisti unkosikazi Nicholas mina - Alexandra Fyodorovna. Kamuva Ipulazi Yakhiwa isigodlo kanye landscape epaki.

I ukubusa u-Alexander II kwaphawulwa kuvulwa ujantshi, okuyinto ixhunywe Petersburg ePeterhof. Umlando eziyinkimbinkimbi esigodlweni kuze 1917 - ukuphila okhazimulayo izintokazi brilliant namanenekazi, amalungu asebukhosini nezikhulu Petersburg.

EPeterhof ekhulwini XX

Ngemva inguquko, wonke esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble zadliwa uhulumeni. Ngo-1918, ukuvakasha sokuqala senzeka ukusebenza amahholo lwakhe olukhulu. Kodwa ukubuyiselwa okuphelele Ensemble wabhubhisa lwenziwe iminyaka engaba ngu-10. Ngo-1926, imithombo abangu kabusha epaki ephansi, futhi ngo-1930 esikhundleni ahamba emthonjeni abuyiselwe yene Upper Garden.

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe uye yehlelwa ePeterhof. Iningi ziphephile kwabhidlika noma eyebiwe futhi izakhiwo yezakhiwo saba yemfucumfucu. Ngemva yokukhululwa ePeterhof ngo-1944, ngemva nje kwalokho waba umsebenzi wokulungisa, owathatha iminyaka engu-30. Kuphela ngo-1973, futhi esigodlweni, epaki eziyinkimbinkimbi labuyiselwa ekubukekeni yayo yasekuqaleni, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ePeterhof akazange usukhathele ukunqoba izinhliziyo zenu nobabili baseRussia izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe.