Ukugeleza kwamanzi kuhlanganisa ngani? Umbhede womfula - uyini?

Umfula ngamunye unomthombo - indawo lapho uvela khona, nomlomo - indawo yendawo yokuhlangana nayo neminye yamanzi. Imifudlana yamanzi ehlangene nolwandle, olwandle noma ngamachibi yizona eziyinhloko, futhi lezo ezigeleza ngokuqondile emfuleni zibizwa ngokuthi ama-tributaries.

Zigeleza ezigodini, lezo yizindawo, ukukhululeka kwalokho okunwetshwayo nokunciphisa. Iphuzu lokunciphisa kakhulu umbhede womfula. Ingxenye yesigodi, ehlala igcwele amanzi emlambo, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-catch.

Umfula - uyini?

Umfula umfudlana wamanzi, ovame ukubunjwa ngokwemvelo. Igeleza ngendlela ethile ukusuka emthonjeni wayo kuya emlonyeni; Udla ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: iqhwa, i-glacial, komhlaba kanye namanye amanzi.

Ukwenziwa kwamanzi ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwamanzi esigodini. Njengomthetho, isizathu sokwakheka kwabo kuningi futhi kunemvula ejwayelekile, ukuncibilika kweqhwa, iqhwa, njll. Lapho kudliwa amadamu noma amadamu, kwakhiwa ama-reservoir angase abe ngamachibi noma ngisho nolwandle. Noma kunjalo, kuleli cala ngeke babe khona okwamanje, futhi futhi badalwe kaningi ngezindlela zokufakelwa.

Ngokuyinhloko, yonke imigwaqo yamanzi igxila emaphutha endaweni, akukho ukuphikiswa nokuhlukumezeka.

Isiteshi

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, umbhede womfula uyindawo esigodini, izinga lokuncipha kwalo lifinyelela phezulu. Ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana. Omunye wabo yisiteshi esikhulu. Lona ligama lendawo ethile emfuleni, lapho kunengxenye enkulu yomgwaqo wamanzi.

Kuye ngobukhulu bombhede womfula kungafinyelela ububanzi obukhulu, obuhluka ukusuka kumitha eyodwa kuya emashumi amakhilomitha amaningana. Ukujula akukhuphuki ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwandiswa kwamanzi. Futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi endaweni yendawo enkulu yamanzi angenawo amanzi. Emifuleni yezintaba, imibhede yemifula ingaba ne-rapids, kanye nemifula. On trajectory yayo bahlukanise ingxenye engezansi kwesigodi - emifuleni flat, futhi ngqo - entabeni.

Umbhede wangaphambili womfula ubizwa ngokuthi indoda endala. Njengomthetho, uhlinzekwa ngesimo sengala, i-loop noma umugqa oqondile. Ukhiwa emva kokugeleza kwamanzi kuhlaba umzila omusha ngenxa yamanje enamandla. Ngemuva kwalokho, amanzi amaningi awekho emgodini omdala futhi kuthiwa umuntu omdala udala. Ekugcineni, mhlawumbe lime, noma ligcwele izitshalo zasemanzini.

Ukuguquka emfuleni ngokuvamile kuvela ngokuhlakanipha. Kulokhu, kuholela emiphumeleni engaphenduki, okuyinto enzima ukuyiqeda.

I-floodplain yomfula

Ingxenye yomfula ohlala njalo ngaphansi kwezikhukhula ngesikhathi sokukhukhula noma amanzi aphezulu kuthiwa yi-floodplain. Ngokuvamile ubukhulu bayo buxhomeke ebubanzi besiteshi, kodwa hhayi njalo. Ingahluka ngamamitha ambalwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - namakhilomitha.

Inhlabathi yezikhukhula zezikhukhula zivuthiwe kuphela uma amanzi omkhukula, ekhukhula isiqephu somhlaba, alethe udaka. Ngokujwayelekile, le ndawo inkulu kakhulu yokudoba.

Izindawo zokuhlala ziyizindawo zokuqala zezikhukhula, izinga lamanzi eliphindwe izikhathi eziningana kunesiteshi, ngisho nasezikhukhuleni nasezikhukhuleni.

Umthombo nomlomo womfula

Umthombo womfula indawo lapho uqala khona. Ngokuvamile lezi zixhaphozi ezincane noma imifudlana. Uma uhlelo lomfula lunemithombo eminingi, eyona eyinhloko iyoba yiyona ehamba phambili kunazo zonke noma ezikude kakhulu emlonyeni wamanzi. Ngokuvamile ukuqala komfula kungabhekwa njengendawo yokuhlanganiswa kwemizimba yamanzi noma imifula yamanzi.

Umlomo yindawo lapho amanzi egeleza khona. Kungaba yiliphi ilwandle, ulwandle, indawo, omunye umfula. Esikhathini salo, kuhlukile. Isibonelo, ngezinye izikhathi endaweni yokuhlangana komfula onamanzi, i-delta noma i-lip ingase ifake.

Umbhede womfula, i-floodplain, umthombo nomlomo akuwona wonke owuphawu lomfula. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunamabhange (imingcele yamanzi), ifinyelela (izindawo ezinokujula okukhulu), ukuqhuma (izindawo ezinokujula okungenani). Futhi lezo zingxenye zomfula, lapho ukugeleza okunamandla kunazo zonke, kuthiwa yiyona eyinhloko.