"Izindlala ezimnyama": ukuhlaziywa indaba ka-Ivan Bunin

UBunin Ivan Alekseevich ungomunye wabalobi abangcono kakhulu ezweni lethu. Iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo zakhe lavela ngo-1881. Bese babhala izindaba "Ekupheleni kwezwe", "Tanka", "Phuma eMlandland" nakwabanye. Ngo-1901 kwakukhona iqoqo elisha elithi "Listopad", lapho umbhali athola khona umklomelo wePushkin.

Umlobi ufika ekuthandeni nasekuqaphelisweni. Uhlangana noMnu Gorky, A. P. Chekhov, uL. N. Tolstoy.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, u-Ivan Alekseevich wadala izindaba "Zakhar Vorobyev", "Pines", "ama-apole ka-Antonov" nabanye, lapho isimo saseRussia esiboniswa khona , inhlekelele yabantu abahluphekile, abantu abampofu, kanye nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zomuntu.

Okthoba Revolution and Immigration

UBunin wathatha i-Revolution ka-Okthoba kabi, njengomdlalo wezenhlalo. Wathuthela eFrance ngo-1920. Lapha babhaliwe, ngaphezu kweminye imisebenzi, umjikelezo wezindaba ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi "Amadolozi Omnyama" (ukuhlaziywa kwezindaba ngegama elifanayo kulokhu kuqoqwa kuzonikezwa ngezansi). Isihloko esiyinhloko salo mjikelezo uthando. U-Ivan Alekseevich usivelele kuphela izinhlangothi zalo eziqhakazile, kodwa futhi nezithunzi ezimnyama, njengoba kuthiwa igama ngokwayo.

Inhlekelele kaBunin yayinobuhlungu futhi ijabule. Ezobuciko bakhe wafinyelela ezindaweni ezingenakuqhathaniswa, owokuqala wabalobi basekhaya bawuthola umklomelo we-Nobel. Kodwa kwadingeka aphile iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwelinye izwe, ngokulangazelela izwe lakubo kanye nokusondelana okungokomoya naye.

Ukuqoqwa "kwezinto ezinzima"

Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwasebenza njengesiqalo ekudaleni umjikelezo "Amacansi amnyama", ukuhlaziywa esizokwenza. Leli qoqo, ngefomu elinqunyiwe, kuqala livele eNew York ngo-1943. Ngo-1946, i-Paris yashicilela uhlelo olulandelayo, oluhlanganisa izindaba ezingu-38. Iqoqo lehluke kakhulu ekuqukethwe kwalo kusukela ukuthi isihloko sothando sasivame ukumbozwa ezincwadini zeSoviet.

Umbono kaBunin ngothando

UBunin wayehlukile kwabanye, umbono wakhe ngalowo mzwa. Ukuphela kwakulodwa - ukufa noma ukuhlukanisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abalingiswa bathandana kangakanani. U-Ivan Alekseevich wayekholelwa ukuthi lo mzwa wawufana ne-flash, kodwa yilokho ngempela. Uthando ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lushintshwa ngokunamathiselwe, okuyinto kancane kancane iphenduka impilo yansuku zonke. Amaqhawe kaBunin ayenqatshelwe lokhu. Bathola kuphela i-flash bese behamba, bejabulela.

Cabanga ngomsebenzi "Izindlala ezimnyama." Ukuhlaziywa kwendaba evula umjikelezo ofanayo, siqala ngencazelo emfushane yalesi sakhiwo.

Isakhiwo sezindaba "Izindlala ezimnyama"

Isakhiwo sawo asiyinkimbinkimbi. U-General Nikolai Alekseyevich, oseyindoda endala, ufika esiteshini sesiteshi futhi uhlangana nabathandekayo bakhe lapha, engakabonanga iminyaka engaba ngu-35. Uthe akatholi ngokushesha. Manje nguye umsikazi wezindlu zokuhlala lapho bahlangana khona kuqala. I hero uthola ukuthi sonke lesi sikhathi wayemthanda kuphela.

Indaba "i-dark alleys" iyaqhubeka. U-Nikolai Alekseevich uzama ukuzithethelela ngaphambi komfazi ngoba engamvakashele iminyaka eminingi kangaka. Uthi: "Konke kudlula," usho. Kodwa ngokungaqiniseki kakhulu, kufakazela lezi zincazelo. Ngokuhlakanipha uphendula iThemba ku-jikelele, ethi intsha iyadlula wonke umuntu, futhi ithandane - cha. Owesifazane usole umthandi wakhe ukuthi wamphonsa ngenhliziyo, ngakho kaningi wayefuna ukumbeka izandla, kodwa uyaqaphela ukuthi sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuhlambalaza.

Ake sihlale endabeni ethi "Izindlala ezimnyama". Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi kubonisa ukuthi uNikolay Alekseevich akabonakali ezwa ukuzisola, kodwa ithemba lilungile, ethi akuyona yonke into ekhohliwe ngemuva kwakho konke. Ngokuvamile, futhi, akakwazanga ukukhohlwa lo wesifazane, uthando lwakhe lokuqala. Ngamsebenzi uyambuza: "Suka, ngiyacela." Futhi uthi uma nje uNkulunkulu emthethelele, futhi uThemba, ngokusobala, usexolelwe kakade. Kodwa kuvela ukuthi cha. Owesifazane uyavuma ukuthi akakwazi ukukwenza. Ngakho-ke, u-general uphoqelelwe ukuba aziphendulele, axolise kumuntu owayengumthandi wakhe, wathi akajabuli, kodwa wayemthanda umkakhe ngaphandle kokukhumbula, kodwa washiya uNicholas Alekseevich wamkhaphela. Wathanda indodana yakhe, wayenethemba eliphakeme, kodwa waba ngumuntu ongenasikhubekiso, igama, ngaphandle kwenhlonipho, inhliziyo, unembeza.

Ingabe uthando oludala lusinda?

Ake sihlaziye umsebenzi "Amacansi amnyama". Ukuhlaziywa kwendaba kubonisa ukuthi imizwa yabalingiswa abakhulu ayifanga. Kuyacaca ukuthi uthando oludala luye lwagcinwa, abalingiswa balo msebenzi bathandana njengasendulo. Eshiya, u-general uyavuma ngokwakhe ukuthi lo wesifazane wamnika isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuphila. Ngokuba ukuthengiswa kokuqala kwakhe uthando lokuphindiselela hero fate. Akayitholi injabulo ekuphileni komndeni u-Nikolai Alekseevich ("ama-dark alleys"). Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kubonisa lokhu. Uyabona ukuthi ulahlekelwe yithuba elinikezwe isiphetho kanye. Uma umqeqeshi etshela ukuthi umnikazi wezindlu uzinika inzalo futhi "upholile", nakuba kulungile: akazange abuyisele ngesikhathi, kusho ukuthi uzilahla, uNikolai Alekseevich ubeka la mazwi empilweni yakhe, ubonisa ukuthi kwenzekani , Uma engakayekanga lo wesifazane.

Yini evimbela injabulo yabalingiswa abakhulu?

Ngesinye isikhathi, ukucwaswa kwekilasi kwavimbela isiphetho somphathi wesikhathi esizayo ukuxhuma no-commoner. Kodwa uthando oluvela enhliziyweni ye-protagonist aluzange luhambe futhi luvimbele ukuba lujabule nomunye wesifazane, ukukhulisa indodana efanelekayo, njengoba kuboniswe ukuhlaziywa kwethu. "Izinselele ezimnyama" (Bunin) ngumsebenzi onenkinga enzima.

Ithemba laphinde lithatha uthando kulo lonke impilo futhi ekupheleni, futhi, lwaluyedwa. Ngenxa yokuhlupheka okubangelwa ukuthethelela leli hero, akakwazanga, ngoba wahlala empilweni yakhe umuntu obiza kakhulu. U-Nikolai Alekseevich akazange akwazi ukuphula imithetho ebekwe emphakathini, akazange asebenze ngokumelene nawo. Phela, ukushada nomphathi kuNadezhda, uzohlangana nokudelelwa nokungaqondi abanye. Futhi intombazane empofu yayingenakukhetha ngaphandle kokuzithoba ekufeni. Ngalezo zinsuku, izintambo eziqhakazile zothando phakathi kowesifazane ohluphekayo kanye nenkosi zazingenakwenzeka. Le nkinga ingokwenhlalo, hhayi yomuntu siqu.

Ingozi ephawulekayo yabalingiswa abakhulu

UBunin emsebenzini wakhe wayefuna ukukhombisa isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sekusasa kwabalingiswa abakhulu, okwadingeka bahlukane, bathandane. Kuleli zwe, uthando lwaluzobhujiswa futhi lube lukhuni ikakhulukazi. Kodwa wavula impilo yabo yonke, kuze kube phakade ahlale ekhumbula izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu. Le ndaba inothando futhi inhle, nakuba inhle kakhulu.

Emsebenzini kaBunin "Amacansi amnyama" (ukuhlaziywa kwale ndaba esiyiqhuba njengamanje), isihloko sothando yisisindo sokusika. Ihamba phambili konke ukuklama, ngaleyo ndlela ixhumanisa isikhathi sokuhambela kanye nesiRussia. Nguye ovumela umlobi ukuba aqondane nezimo zangaphandle zokuphila okuhlangenwe nakho komzwelo, nokufinyelela emfihlekweni womphefumulo womuntu, eqhubeka nomthelela weqiniso langempela kuye.

Lokhu kugcwalisa ukuhlaziywa kwezindaba zikaBunin "I-Alley Dark." Thanda wonke umuntu uyaqonda ngendlela yayo. Lo mzwa omangalisayo awukaxazululwa. Isihloko sothando sizohlale sisebenza, ngoba yisenzo esithinta izenzo eziningi zabantu, incazelo yokuphila kwethu. Kule siphetho kuholela, ikakhulukazi, ukuhlaziywa kwethu. "Izinyathelo ezimnyama zikaBunin" yindaba ethi, ngisho negama layo, ibonisa umqondo wokuthi lo mzwa awukwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele, "ubumnyama", kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuhle.