Idolobha lase-Austin - inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas

Inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas (USA) yidolobha lase-Austin. Yasungulwa ngo-1839 futhi manje iyisikhungo somsebenzi wezokuphatha nezombusazwe wombuso wonke. Ibizwa ngokuthi leli dolobha ngokuhlonipha omunye wabasunguli bayo. Abantu bendawo bangabantu abangaphezu kuka-885 abayizinkulungwane. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, emashumini eminyaka amuva, kuye kwaba nokuthambekela kokwandisa inani labakhileyo kulo. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ngezinqubo zokufuduka njalo ezweni.

Indawo yendawo

Inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas itholakala ogwini lwechibi elikhulu elithengisiwe le-Lady Bird, engxenyeni esemaphakathi kahulumeni. Indawo yayo yonke ingamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-770 square. Akusekude amanzi alo athwala uMfula i-Colorado. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi edolobheni kunamakhemikhali amaningi okufakelwa. Zizungezwe amapaki amaningi nezindimu ezinemibala enamahlathi, okuyizindlela eziningi ezithuthukisa ezemidlalo ezisebenzayo (ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zasemanzini) ngabantu bendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe izinsuku ezingu-300 ngonyaka kunesimo sezulu esifudumele, sezulu.

Umlando Omfushane

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka, izwe lapho inhloko-dolobha yamanje yaseTexas (USA) lakhiwa khona, yayinentshisekelo enkulu kwabaseSpain. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi kwabo kwakunezinganekwane mayelana nezindawo ezinkulu zegolide kule ndawo. Kodwa-ke, abahlukumeziwe babesuswa esikhundleni sezinhlanga zabomdabu basezizwe, abanobuthakathaka kakhulu kubaqotjhi. Yiba ngangokunokwenzeka, iminyaka engu-300 eyalandela, iSpain ikwazi ukulawula ukulawula lesi sifunda.

Ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwempi yokuzimela kweTexas, ngo-1835, endaweni yamanje yedolobha, endaweni engasogwini olusenyakatho yeCoronto River, kwasungulwa umzana okuthiwa i-Waterloo. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, ngemuva kokumemezela kokuzibusa kwe-republic, i-vice-president wayo, uMibebeau Lamar, uhlongoze ukhethe ukuhlala njengesikhungo sokuphatha. Nakuba abaningi abaphikisana naye babengabasekeli baseHouston, lesi siphakamiso sasilokhu samukelwa. Ngo-1839, idolobha elalisandisiwe seliqanjwe kabusha e-Austin. Inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas igcine isimo sayo ngemuva kokufakwa kwayo e-United States ngo-1845.

Idolobha lamabhantshi

Elinye lamagama okudumeka adumile kakhulu ase-Austin yi- "Batcity", okuyiNgisi okusho ukuthi "idolobha lamabulane". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi minyaka yonke izinkulungwane zalezi zilwane zihlala ngaphansi kwebhuloho lendawo lika-Ann Richards, e-Congress Avenue. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuklama kwalo yindawo ekahle yokuzalisa abantu. Izinkulungwane zabantu ziza lapha zize zibuke indiza yabo kusihlwa ekuzingeleni ngokumelene nendawo yangasese.

Ukuvakasha kwezokuvakasha

Inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas idonsela inqwaba yezivakashi ngobuhle bayo bemvelo, imidwebo yobuciko, iminyuziyamu, izakhiwo zomlando kanye nokuphila ebusuku. Enye yezindawo ezinhle kunazo zonke yi-State Capitol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokuhlala ye-ambassador yaseFrance, eyakhiwa ngo-1841, i-campus yaseYunivesithi yaseTexas, nehhotela elidala kunazo zonke edolobheni elithi "Driskill", elavulwa ngo-1886, liyakuthandwa kakhulu ngabahambi.

Akukude nasendaweni ka-Austin yindawo yayo enkulu kunazo zonke - "i-Tsilker Park". Yindawo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Zonke izivakashi zalo zinethuba lokudlala ibhola lapha, ukuqasha ibhayisikili noma isikebhe, noma nje ukuhamba ngendimu enhle.

IYunivesithi yaseTexas

Esinye sezikhungo ezinhle kakhulu zokufundisa eNyakatho Melika yiYunivesithi yaseTexas, indawo yayo eyinhloko-dolobha yaseTexas. Eyinkimbinkimbi yayo, ephelele, kunamamyuziyamu ayisikhombisa nemilabhulali eyishumi nantathu. Ukuvulwa kwalesi sikhungo semfundo kwenzeka ngo-1883. Kwakusebenza njengesiqiniseko esiqinile ekuthuthukiseni wonke umhlaba. Ngo-1924, emhlabathini owawuseyunivesithi, kwatholakala izinqolobane ezinkulu zamafutha. Lokhu kwamenza waba omunye wokuhola ezweni lonke, okwaholela ekusakazweni okusheshayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwedolobha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamuva

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas isibe esinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zeMelika zobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Ngenxa yokuhlushwa okukhulu kwamabhizinisi akhona kule ndawo, idolobha ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi "i-Silicon Hills". Akunakwenzeka ukushiwo indima yeNyuvesi yaseTexas ekhonzwe ngenhla. Lesi sikhungo semfundo minyaka yonke sikhiqiza izinkulungwane zabachwepheshe ekuhleleni nasekubunjweni. Ngaphambi kwabo bonke, kunamathuba amakhulu okuqashwa kwamakhamphani e-IT, amahhovisi abo abamele e-Austin.

Ezemidlalo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas iyindawo ekahle yezemidlalo. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa ukutholakala kwamapaki kanye nezindawo zehlathi kuphela, kodwa futhi nesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe. Ikakhulukazi, idolobha lakhiwe ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-45 ngamabhayisikili nangezinyawo zomgwaqo, kanye nenani elikhulu lemidlalo yezemidlalo, indawo engaphansi kwayo eyedlula uphawu lwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa square. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinkantolo eziningi ze-tennis namaqembu e-Austin.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Naphezu kwezingqalasizinda zezemidlalo ezithuthukile, idolobha liyi-dolobha enkulu kunazo zonke e-US, engamelwa yiqembu layo kunoma yiliphi iqhaza elikhulu lokuncintisana kwamaMelika. Kulokhu, abantu bendawo, njengombuso, bayagula amaqembu eNyuvesi yaseTexas.

Inkulumo ethi "Gcina idolobha elingavamile" yisiqubulo sika-Austin, esingatholakala kunoma yisiphi isikhumbuzo esithengiwe lapha.

Ukuphakama kweCapitol yendawo kudlula isibalo esifana nesakhiwo saseWashington se-US Congress, esinezakhiwo ezifanayo, ngamamitha ayisikhombisa.

Inhloko-dolobha yaseTexas ngo-2008 yabizwa ngokuthi idolobha lokuphuza kakhulu e-US ngenguqulo ye-"Forbes". Njengoba izifundo zibonisile, izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-60% okungenani kanye ngenyanga zisebenzisa utshwala.