Abalandeli uCatherine Omkhulu. UGrigory Orlov - intandokazi uCatherine Omkhulu

Phakathi nokubusa Umbusikazi uCatherine II sonakala njengoba isisindo ngezinkinga zomphakathi zibe eMbusweni isiRashiya, futhi ngezinga kuze kube manje okungakaze kubonwe futhi akakhethi. suitors Young azungeza Empress, lokhu kuba nomthelela kakhulu omubi Inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle isimo. Abameleli kwezakhi ephakeme yezikhulu waqala ukufuna bazizuzise ngokusebenzisa ukuthopha izintandokazi entsha uCatherine Omkhulu, kanjalo kuthiya zonke izinkambiso zokuziphatha neyesigodi zenhlalo zangaleso sikhathi. Yiqiniso, akunakushiwo neze bona kuphambuke ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukiseni Russia, okuyinto kwenkathi wokubusa iNdlovukazi. Nokho, thina ngeke ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe izenzo nesimo nezenzo uCatherine II, futhi uzozama ukutshela ngokuphila owesifazane washiya uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa ngempela emlandweni wezwe lakithi.

Princess Fike

Ikusasa "emseni kaNkulunkulu Empress futhi autocrat Zonke-Russian" Catherine, kakade etholakele besikhathi sakhe esithi "Omkhulu", yazalwa ngo-April 21, 1729 edolobheni Prussian ka eStettin. UMajor General, uColonel we Prussian ibutho Christian August Anhalt-Zerbst nomkakhe, Johanna Elizabeth, wanikezwa amazibulo akhe - indodakazi - igama elihle German - UZandile Augusta Frederica. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abangu abazali bakhe ezihlobene izindlu eziningi wobukhosi Europe (uyise isihloko Prince ngisho kamuva waba umnikazi we-German Duchy of Zerbst nonina wazalwa princess of Holstein-Gottorp), ebuntwaneni kwaba kancane sengathi umuntu ophilayo "lunegazi lasebukhosini" . Ukuhlala Ezweni Labantu endlini abavamile isiJalimane, Fike, babembiza abazali yendodakazi yakhe, ingalungiswa okwesikhathi, intombazane evela emkhayeni wobunxiwankulu kwalowo imfundo isikhathi ekhaya, okuyinto ngempela kuhlanganisa ikhono ukupheka futhi ihlanzekile.

Qala indlela "bobukhosi '

Ngo 1744, ngaphansi ukusekelwa inkosi Prussian Fridriha Velikogo, uSophia Augusta nonina zazibangelwa Empress Elizabeth ufuna umakoti indodana yakhe ukuba Petersburg. ERussia, inkosazana German lidlule isiko ubhapathizo kanye isiko Orthodox okwakuthiwa u -Catherine A .. Ngo 1745 washada Grand Duke uPetru Fedorovich, Ngokuzayo uMbusi uPetru III. Ukuphila komkhaya nezaladilas abasha kusukela ekuqaleni. I indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, kungaba ngenxa yokungavuthwa zabo noma umsangano obangwa yi, noma umane kusukela "ukungathandi" kwakubanda kakhulu nomkakhe. Ngisho nangobusuku lwabo lomshado, akazange akhokhe iyiphi ukunakekela umakoti abasha. Yena ezihlukahlukayo esisuka Ubumnene ngokobulili, nje badinga ukunakekelwa besilisa, ngokuvumelana besikhathi, ngokushesha emva komshado waqala obala ngaqomisana Cavaliers.

Uthando lokuqala sina

Phakathi nokuphila nomyeni wakhe e-Empress esizayo uvele lover imfihlo. Zaba Sergey vasilevich Saltykov (1726-1765), umnumzana wekuvana umndeni kwesikhulu, eyayinecilongo elisezingeni yabathenwa Grand Duke. Saltykov ngesikhathi amaziyo babo bubheke engu-26 ubudala. Waba ozithandayo lokuqala uCatherine II futhi okuwukuphela kwalo bonke ababengabanini emidala kuno wakhe. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu abasha wawuqala 1752 by 1754, ngaphambi kokuzalwa Catherine indodana - indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi - Paul Petrovich. Abantu besikhathi Abaningi bathi Saltykov ubuyise Paul kweqiniso. Zithanda noma zingathandi, akwaziwa iNdlovukazi, lezi amahemuhemu neze kunqatshelwe. Kepha Sergei Vasilyevich - ke lowo mnyaka wathunyelwa isithunywa eYurophu, lapho isikhathi eside Ngalondoloza ukuxhumana ne othandekayo wakhe. Kuyinto nge Saltykov uqale countdown abawuthandayo of uCatherine Omkhulu, ogama ekumeni ezigcinwe kahle kuze kube yilolu suku.

Thanda ezimbili: Pole abasha

Catherine, njengoba intokazi, esebenzayo, futhi addicting kakhulu wayengeke asonge izandla, ahlale yedwa. Ngo 1756, waba umthandi entsha. Zaba Stanislaw Agasti Poniatowski (1732-1798), usomaqhinga izifundiswa, ngokushesha ukuba babe inxusa Polish Petersburg. Ngokusho amahlebezi, kuvela kulo mongo, iNdlovukazi esizayo wabeletha indodakazi e 1757. Anna wafa eneminyaka emibili. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uPetru Fedorovich wayazi ngobuhlobo ngumkayo nge Pole abasha eyaziwa, futhi yini more, it isekela kubo. Okuwukuphela abaphikisi eqakathekileko yomsebenzi wehlelo "ukuzidela" of uCatherine baba iNdlovukazi elibusayo - Elizaveta Petrovna. Ngo 1758, yena wafunda mayelana ngonya udadewabo wathukuthelela futhi bayalwa ukuba ngokushesha uthumele isithunywa emuva Poland. Catherine uye walilondoloza inkumbulo abathandekayo, futhi ngemva ngokwahlukana ophoqelelwe. Ngo 1764, sona vele iNdlovukazi wasiza NguStanisław Agasti lokuhlala esihlalweni sobukhosi e-Commonwealth.

Gregory Orlov (1734-1783)

Waba nayiphi indima Grigoriy Grigorevich Orlov e isiphetho lo wesifazane na? Yini Umlando usitshelani? ozithandayo Ikusasa uCatherine Omkhulu wazalwa ngo-October 17, 1734 emndenini umhlalaphansi ezinkulu-jikelele - UGrigory Ivanovich Orlov. Ebuntwaneni Gregory nabafowabo abane okwenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo uthando, ukuvumelana kanye nemfudumalo. Inhloko yomkhaya, owayebhekwa njengegunya okungahloliwe, wayengakaze wangena yiluphi uhlobo izingxabano, akukho amahlazo. Orlov wathola evamile abantu embuthanweni wakhe wezemfundo ekhaya, lapho ukunakekelwa okukhethekile waqeqeshwa ezempi nokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba. Bazalwane ayehlukile kuzo iningi lontanga yabo kwesiqu ubude kakhulu, indaba zobuqhawe ngomfutho omkhulu. Ngo 1749, uGregory angene ezweni Petersburg ubusosha Corps, okwathi ngemva kwalokho waba ngokushesha libhaliswe elite Guards Semenov ibutho. Le nsizwa kwakufanele igeza yathanda abesifazane futhi kwadingeka abanothando ezamehlela yokubonisana uthando. Nokho, wazehluka- ngoba isibindi sakhe nesibindi wamvumela ukuba ngokushesha ifike elisezingeni uLieutenant isikhundla bese uya ingxenye ibutho iMpi Yeminyaka Engu-Seven '.

Izenzo izikhali

On Ngokuzayo yempi ozithandayo Catherine 2, Orlov yabonisa iqhawe nesibindi impela. Inkazimulo Gregory waletha impi olunegazi eduze nedolobhana Zorndorf isiJalimane, lapho kwakukhona impi yama-Russian bahlangana amaviyo Prussian King noFrederick II. Phakathi nempi unogada yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba babonisa isibindi abakhaliphile ukuzibamba ngendlela emangalisayo futhi sokukhuthazela okukhulu. Ukuba kwalimala kathathu, wahlala phakathi kwababusi, waziphonsa ku shí ukulwa kanye ngokuzikhandla Raziel isitha. Ukubhebhetheka izindaba ngokusebenzisa nezigigaba eziningi ezinhlwini iqhawe isosha, idolo wonke amasosha Russian, futhi ebuthweni lasePrussia wahlulwa kanye baxosha. Ukuze impi yabo isibindi isibindi UGrigory Orlov wakhushulwa kuya isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni, futhi empini yase-kuye seliphelele. Iqiniso liwukuthi wempi ngesikhathi sempi zorndorf elathunjwa Friedrich Graf von kwaseSchwerin. Umsebenzi Zibe Abantu Abadala Abavuthiwe lokukhulula isiboshwa enkantolo Empress Elizabethe, futsi aphathiswa unogada abasha.

Ujwayele iNdlovukazi esizayo

Entwasahlobo ka-1759 Gregory efika e-dolobha enyakatho, lapho ngokushesha wabingelelwa abafowabo, u-Alexei futhi Fyodor, owakhonza elisezingeni lieutenants futhi Semenovski Preobrazhensky Guards regiments ngokulandelana. Zintathu kwadingeka fun ngokuzitika oxokozelayo merry, uthando adventure nemidlalo ikhadi. Nokho, ngo-1760 Gregory babesuke Guard wezikhali laqokwa wempi nezicukuthwane oqavile - Bala Petra Ivanovicha Shuvalova. Uma maphakathi ukuphila enkantolo, Orlov handsome wahlangana engamashumi amathathu ka-Catherine, ezikhangayo futhi enolwazi olukhulu ukuthandana, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo owesifazane engajabule abaphethwe isizungu nokululazeka oluvela kumyeni wakhe. UGrigory umxhwele iNdlovukazi esizayo ubungqabavu bobusha bakhe, inkanuko adventurism. Kwaphela isikhathi eside lover ephethwe ukufihla nobuhlobo babo kusukela bangaphandle.

Ugobe Umbusi

Orlov, babenedumela lokuba abantu abanesibindi futhi ngokwethembeka, wajabulela udumo omkhulu Guards regiments, simelela imibuso emikhulu futhi ukusekela emandleni obukhosi. Abazalwane izingxoxo nabangani, waqala ukudala umfanekiso ukholo Grand Duchess, kancane kancane ukudweba ngakuye ezandayo ezicukuthwaneni nezempi. ukuziphatha ezidlayo indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi kaPetru, nako kuye kwanezela kwayo. The kungenzeka yokuqala icebo kombuso, ababehlanganisa wamanje (Orlov) nezesikhathi esizayo (G. Potemkin) Abalandeli Catherine 2, okwethulwa Disemba 25, 1761, usuku kokufa iNdlovukazi Elizabeth. Nokho, Grand Duchess yena kwaba at ukulahlekelwa, kuba uvalo esibi, nendlela elalahleka okwamanje. Nokho, ukudideka Catherine isizathu ngokushesha waziwa. Yena owayenezinyanga ezinhlanu ekhulelwe futhi zonke yizikhonzi babeyazi yokuthi kwaba Gregory uyise wengane. Umfana wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 1762, yaqanjwa ngokuthi u-Alexei wathola isihloko Ukubala waba umsunguli we Bobrinskys umndeni esihle.

esigodlweni Icebo lika

I "izinyathelo" lokuqala uMbusi uPetru III (isiphetho sokuthula Prussia kanye disbanding Labaqaphi, elalibe yisikhungo kuwumgogodla ibutho Russian) okubangelwa ukungeneliseki kakhulu emphakathini. Orlov bazalwane, united eseziqede lempi, banquma ukuchitha ubusuku nge 27 ku-28 Juni kombuso, injongo okwakukhona lokuketula umbusi. U-Aleksey Orlov Catherine yaletha esuka ePeterhof enhlokodolobha, lapho bebehlala khona: zifinyelelwe UGregory nabangane bakhe. Onogada regiments bazithoba kuya autocrat esizayo, futhi kusukela 9 ekuseni kule iKazan Cathedral waqala wokugcotshwa kwakhe isiko. Peter III, ngesikhathi Oranienbaum, kwaba kahle nathemba yesikhundla sakhe, futhi konke okulindelekile ngemvume abdication yakhe. UMbusikazi wayazi konke indima omkhulu abafowethu ngezikhathi zakhe ebekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi futhi eziningi kamuva esiphindwe ukuthi ukweleta kakhulu Orlov.

UGrigory Orlov - intandokazi uCatherine Omkhulu

Ngemva wokugcotshwa Catherine, showering izihloko, izihloko kanye imiklomelo yabo bonke nabasizi bakhe, wathuthela Winter Palace. Eagles, naphezu Empress ezinikelwe izindlu, zithanda ukuhlala eduze othandekayo wakhe. Kuye kwafika isikhathi okumangalisa ngempela. Elalizokwakhiwa e isihloko ukubala, wathola isikhundla uMajor General, UGrigory waqala ifa amakhulu okusika, yena bezilokhu kahle etholwe iNdlovukazi, futhi isixoxa naye zonke ezinye izindaba zika isimo. UCatherine II kwaba inkanuko uyakuthanda ozithandayo yakhe ngisho uya sina ukuya Orlov oshadile. Autocrat bayayeka Ngokwenza kanjalo, ngobukhulu ubunzima, kodwa wakwazi Bala Nikita Panin. Izazi-mlando ziyazi kuye njengoba ethi, "Umama, sonke balalela umyalo iNdlovukazi, kodwa ngubani uyolilalela Countess Orlov?" UGregory, ngokuvumelana ofakazi bokuzibonela, ubuye kakhulu othanda Catherine futhi emnika isipho esiyigugu, edume kakhulu okuyinto idayimane elikhulu.

Ukuphila enkantolo

UGrigory uye wasekela njalo emitameni ka iNdlovukazi nezinga amandla ayo wazama ukumsiza ekuphathweni isimo. Wayengenaso ukuhahela isikhundla, okuyinto libhekene eziningi ozithandayo of uCatherine Omkhulu nabantu bangesikhathi sakhe wakhuluma ngaye njengomahluleli ongenamizwa Umuntu ophanayo, ethembele futhi nabanomusa. Graf Orlov wayenesithakazelo isayensi nefilosofi, izinkondlo kanye art. Wanikeza ukwesekwa futhi banikwa we Lomonosov omkhulu, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wakwazi ukuthenga yonke imisebenzi usosayensi bese uyawagcina ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela. Wayengomunye initiators yomkhankaso ngokumelene abaseTurkey ukuze ukufinyelela oLwandle Olumnyama. Nakuba iNdlovukazi angivumanga lover wakhe empini, ukusetshenziswa atholakala ngokushesha. UGrigory Orlov, intandokazi uCatherine Omkhulu, wathunyelwa eMoscow ukulwa nalolu bhubhane zezinhlupho. Wakwazi ukukhombisa lapho amakhono akhe lwenhlangano ngenyanga ukuqothula emzini isifo esinzima kakhulu. Catherine wahlangana owayekuthanda iqhawe sika, ngaphambilini ukwakha Arc de Triomphe bese waphonsa indondo nge isithombe ukubala behlonipha yakhe.

Sunset inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu

April 18, 1772 Gregory wathunyelwa Romania yezinkulumo ne abaseTurkey. Kulolu hambo Orlov ngafunda ukuthi uCatherine II kwadingeka intandokazi entsha. Kwatholakala Alexey Semenovich Vasilchikov (1746-1813) - a Cornet we Life Guards Regiment, elalingelamaFilisti umndeni abadumile zasebukhosini. Gregory Agasti 28 Wephula inkomfa futhi waphuthuma Petersburg, abafisa ukuhlangana iNdlovukazi. Catherine ngaleso sikhathi base bamukelwe kakade wathola umbiko ovela Ukubala Panin nezindaba ukuthi Eagles kuhlulekile izingxoxo, futhi ekugcineni wanquma ukuba nihlukane naye. Empress wenqaba leso sithandwa sakhe zangaphambili ngetetsamelilwati amthume "iholide" yonyaka, pha okuqukethwe ocebile yonyaka, kanye izinkulungwane serfs. Ngo 1777, u-Earl washada umzala wakhe, maduzane waphathwa isifo sofuba futhi washona. UGrigory kabaze baba lakho ukuma ukufa, ingqondo yakhe yonakele futhi wafa ngo-Ephreli 24, 1783.

Ukuphila akusho yima

Alex Vasilchikov possessed idatha efana oluvelele aphethwe eyintandokazi yangaphambilini ye uCatherine Omkhulu. Nakuba esemncane kuka iNdlovukazi engu-17, kodwa lokhu kwakuhluke ukuntuleka kwemfundo futhi ngokushesha ukungicika iNdlovukazi. Of zako bungabonakala nabugovu kuphela, futhi akazange asebenzise isikhundla sakhe. Yena salandelwa ngo-1774 kwavela Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin, owaba enye yamadoda edume kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe, kusukela uxhumano ngalo Catherine wabeletha indodakazi - Elizabeth Grigorievna. I Scion yomndeni yizicukuthwane ozihluphekelayo, Potemkin waba sikahulumeni omkhulu, umngane nokubambisana umbusi Empress langempela. Esikhathini "iposi" ozithandayo UGrigory salandelwa Petr vasilevich Zavadovsky, naye waba ophakeme abavelele. Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Alexander I, umzukulu Catherine, wanikwa okuthunyelwe kukaNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo.

A amazwi ambalwa esiphethweni

Abalandeli Catherine 2, ababekade ikakhulu abalawuli bempi Serene Prince Potemkin, steel aphumelele komunye nomunye. Ezinye zazo, ezifana iqhawe esizayo besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic, Alekseya Petrovicha Ermolova, kwakuqala ukwanda nothando lwabantu. Iningi, siyabhala encwadini yaso ethi, "intandokazi uCatherine Omkhulu" Sorotokina NM, wahlanganyela ukuhaha olusobala, inkohlakalo, akhishwe yengcebo isimo. Isenzakalo bokukhetha iphela emasini kule ubeke phansi ibala elimnyama wonke umlando isimo Russian.

I intandokazi kunazo owaziwa uCatherine Omkhulu

Izithombe ezinye zazo ungabona kulesi sihloko. Nakuba akusiyo zonke ezifuywayo Empress. Engeza kuzintandokazi Catherine 2, wathola udumo enkulu: Aleksey Petrovich Ermolov (hero ikusasa empini Napoleon), Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Potemkin (lomholi omkhulu kwenkathi) kanye Platon Zubov, eyintandokazi lokugcina iNdlovukazi.