Siphukuto, ukubhinqa, amahlaya ezincwadini - ke ... Hlaziya izinhlobo yamahlaya

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuchaza yamahlaya. Leli yithuluzi ekhethekile evumela ukuvula, ukuze kuqedwe ukuphikisana zokuphila, kanye insini evamile. Amahlaya izincwadi, leli phutha kungenzeka ubona kuphela ezingeni yomlomo, uhamba nesakhiwana (nalapho umdlali oyiqhawe, isibonelo, iwela kwezinye izimo ezihlekisayo) noma isimo (singenele ukuzethemba yena ephambene uhlamvu ukuze ingqondo).

Yiqiniso, uhleko uhleko ukuxabana. Ihlaya namahlaya ezincwadini - kukhona imiqondo emibili ehlukene. Uma kuqala Uhlanganisa umusa behleka izinhlamvu kule noveli noma indzaba lemfisha, lona wamuva uncamela sola ngokuqinile izinhlamvu kanye nezenzo ezimbi. Futhi ngempela kude funny izindaba Shukshin ekuseni laseChekhov - kanye kusuka emaphamfulethi Swift - elibi nge phantasmagoric plexus unjoinable. Lolu hlobo uhleko abuzange bube buhle.

Amahlaya ezincwadini - kungcono ...

Lolu hlobo ubhekwa esisetshenziselwa izinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu yamahlaya. Ngokuphambene, kuba ukubhinqa ezinhle, bezzloben, nakuba olungenayo a kobukhulu ezithile. Umgomo wayo lomkhulu - ukusiza umlingisi ukuqeda izimfanelo zabo ezimbi. Amahlaya izincwadi - uchungechunge izimo yamahlaya, amaphutha amahloni. Nokho, iqhawe ngoba abazange baphelelwe elikhangayo, okuyinto engenzeki "Imiphefumulo Dead" futhi "Umlando Idolobha". Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi ekufakazisa. Sancho Panza ubeqhakambisa uhlamvu enjalo. He is neze: igwala, njalo uholwe ongumlimi wakhe ngokuhlakanipha, yingakho engawuboni umvumele ukuba kuhlushwa yena uqobo.

Isici esiyinhloko salelo amahlaya - lapho ukuhleka ngomusa khona othile, awuboni njengoba uqala ukuba banake amaphutha abo, zama ukuwalungisa. Ukusebenzisa le nguqulo yamahlaya ikuvumela ukuba uthole in a mad ohlakaniphile, ongabalulekile - the sublime, futhi uthola ubunjalo esinhlanhlathayo kweqiniso. Ngaphandle amahlaya abakwazi ukuphila yimuphi umuntu ovamile, ngitjho nomhlobo wakhe udangele ubekiwe. Remarque wake wathi, sihleka futhi ihlaya nhlobo ngoba wanika ukuncokola. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngaphandle kwalo, silahlekelwe kuthiwa.

Isebenza izakhi embodying namahlaya, e nezincwadi eziningi Russian. Lena indaba Gogol, futhi wabahlulela ngezinga elingakanani play Ostrovsky, laseChekhov. izincwadi Soviet wasinika Zoshchenko, Bulgakov, Shukshin nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amahlaya e izincwadi zezingane (edumile "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer").

indida

Siphukuto ihlukanisa Wazamukela ngokukhethekile lapho, eqinisweni, lokho okushiwo engakhi kusho kufihliwe ngemuva uhlangothi lwalo zangaphandle omuhle. Kulesi uhleko ebabayo kakade ozuza umbala. Qhathanisa izibonelo ezingenhla lokuba namahlaya izincwadi kanye nokusetshenziswa kombhinqo kwezinye izinkondlo Nekrasov. Ngokwesibonelo, e "KALISTRATOV" umphumela yamahlaya kusekelwe ukuphikiswa uthembisa umama ukuthi umntanakhe ngeke uphile ukuphila okujabulisayo, futhi empeleni kwendodana ongumlimi sika kulowo mphakathi.

Ukuze baqonde indida, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi cabangela umongo. Ngokwesibonelo, e Chichikov "Imiphefumulo Dead," isikhulu samaphoyisa ubiza indoda kahle ukufunda. Kubonakala sengathi kulesi sitatimende kukhona lutho evumela sokungabaza fallibility yakhe. Nokho, kamuva le womlandi uyaqhubeka: "Siye saba (okungukuthi, umphathi wamaphoyisa) ubusuku bonke sinyamalale Whist." Indida enkulu, kanye namahlaya ezincwadini - a Kuhlanganiswe izinhlelo ezimbili, evamile anjengokuthi enikeziwe sivunyiwe. Nokho, esimweni "Imiphefumulo Dead" kuyinto degree of ngodaka chwaneka into ngenhla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lokhu kwehlukana kwenziwe ithiyori, abakwazi njalo ukuqondiswa umkhuba.

ukubhinqa

Uma amahlaya izincwadi - iyona ukuklolodelwa evamile yomuntu, le ukubhinqa kuhloswe izici zokuphila nomphakathi ukuthi bagxekwe. Ukufinyelela zokugcina, ngokuvamile okarikaturivaniya, ngokoqobo, isithombe ngendlela engenangqondo. Ukuyibeka ngokomfanekiso, le ukubhinqa engikhiphela Kuleli zwe elingaphelele, wenza konke ukuze ngilakhe ngohlelo esifanele. Akukona ukufuna ukuba kudlule Uhlamvu siyaphila, yena ulola, exaggerates ke, oluletha the okungenangqondo.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo ukubhinqa - "Umninimuzi UMargarita" by Bulgakov. ukuklolodelwa Special esizifanele "Griboyedov House", okuyinto kusukela lutho izincwadi ishiywa, nayo yonke iminyango endaweni "kwamasiko" isikhungo hung izimpawu "inhlanzi-ehlobo kwesigaba yokuhlala."

Ngokucacile ukubhinqa uyachaza ukuthi kungani iningi it is owawusekelwe ifomu inoveli. Kuyinto inoveli uzisibekele kakhulu ngendlela sphere kungenzeka engokoqobo. Kulesi ukubhinqa uhlale ngesikhathi esifanele. Yiqiniso, uma satirist ziqala ukuba adalule non-abalulekile (noma nhlobo) amaphutha, wabe nezingozi abe isitokwe wahleka.

ukubhuqa

Ngokubhuqa isiGreki elihunyushwe - ". Ukuhlushwa" Lolu hlobo indida yamahlaya iseduze, kodwa intukuthelo kubonakala obala ukukhuzwa ngokucace kakhudlwana. Ngokwesibonelo, e "Duma" imbongi ithi sakubhuqa ukuthi abantu bangesikhathi sakhe sicebile imbeleko "neziphambeko zoyise futhi kamuva ingqondo yabo. ' Ukubhuqa kabanzi lisetshenziswe amapheshana nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo.

Akunangqondo

Ngekhulu le-15, Raphael kanye nabafundi bakhe ngesikhathi abavubukuli wathola imidwebo uyinqaba, okuyinto yaziwa ngokuthi elibi (kusuka elithi "sivale indlela engena emgedeni"). ngokucacile yaso ukuthi umphumela yamahlaya kusekelwe ngokuhlangana real kanye kumnandi, ngisho aluhlaza cwe. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula ekhaleni alukho Major Kovalev Gogol imeya noma ikhanda eyayigcwele inoveli Saltykov-Shchedrin sika.