Latifundia - Iyini? Yayiyini indima yayo eRoma?

Latifundia - Iyini? Yayiyini indima yayo eRoma? Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kungase kube lula ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Nokho, imibono abacwaningi ngale ndaba washintsha. Ngamunye ubachazela umqondo izigodi ngendlela yalo. Cabangela ezinye zezihloko okukhulunywa ukuhunyushwa kwalesi umqondo kabanzi.

Latifundia - Iyini?

Uma ukuhumusha izwi nezwi, bese sithola "izindlu enkulu." Uma uthi nhlá, kungcono pretty elula. Kodwa izazi-mlando zanamuhla baye basikisela ongakhetha eziningana ukuchaza latifundia. Ukuthi babusekelwe yokuthi "ifa elikhulu" kungenziwa ngokuthi esiteshini futhi 100 eNingizimu futhi 1000 eNingizimu.

Ngokwesibonelo, K. Bücher wayesho ukuthi ngenkulumo ethi umnotho enkulu latifundia, ie-oikos ngenombolo enkulu yezigqila. Izigqila ayehlukaniswe amaqembu ukuthi eholwa abaqondisi. Lezi, esikhundleni salokho, zazihlala emabhalekisini. Futhi Amathuna, enika incazelo, bagcizelela ukuthi lesi latifundia uhlobo ekubumbaneni neziqinti zibe munye umnotho omkhulu. A Schulten saveza umbono ohlukile. Uthi ukuthi latifundia - isiqephu sezwe, elalisetshenziswa njengokudla edlelweni. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mqondo sashintshwa ngenxa yokuthi uyisabelo ukuthi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ehlukile. Nokho, abanikazi bamazwe ukubizwa ngokuthi umuntu eyayinawo izigodi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene Italy. Kodwa kamuva yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi lokuhlushwa inqubo umhlaba, futhi kwaqala ukuvela izigodi omkhulu.

Ukunqunywa latifundia esimeningcondvo impilo nezomnotho zomphakathi wamaRoma

Emaphepheni Weber latifundias kuqhathaniswa amagama phakathi nalokho okuchazwe eCato. Ikakhulu, yaphawula ukuthi latifundia - icwecwe, ukubeka uhlobo kahle esikhulu usayizi-kakhulu ukuphathwa futhi enomqondo ihlelwe zabasebenzi izigqila.

. J. Salvioli umbono ukuthi latifundia - lufakwa, inzuzo kuyiphi idlule izidingo umndeni futhi kangangokuba akakwazanga ukusingatha wedwa. Lapho eCato babhekwa latifundia wafaka 150-200 eNingizimu. Izigodi wathola kabanzi kunazo ezindaweni ezigqagqene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ayesebenzisa indlela ebanzi yokulima. Ngokuvamile, le latifundia - uhlobo emazweni yokhokho amakhosi asendulo, Estates efana isikhathi kukaCharlemagne.

Izinhlobo ezimbili emafeni amakhulu - uyini umehluko?

ososayensi Soviet olwenziwa ucwaningo lokubalulekile phezu latifundia wamaRoma. Ngakho, M. Rostovtsev ezimbili zama-amapulazi. Uhlobo lokuqala - iyona emafeni amakhulu, okwakukhona kakhulu eliphakeme kunalezo ezichazwe eCato umnotho nezinkulungwane izigqila, inkosi villa, colas, amageja, ngisho emzaneni lapho behlala izinceku owayesebenza emasimini. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izigodi, ihlelwe kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi kuphela emakethe imodeli zama-Capitalist. latifundia Campanian - lena okufana inhlangano ukuphathwa yesibili. Leli akulona izindlu ezinkulu olulodwa, futhi ukuqoqwa ezindaweni eziningana ezincane. Ayehlelwe ngokuhambisana nohlobo eyatholakala eduze Villas elincane yasePompeii.

Kwakumelwe, eqinisweni, amabhizinisi zama-Capitalist. Nokho, lokhu okufana inhlangano emafeni amakhulu kwaba atypical ngoba eRoma futhi wahlangana njalo.

Ingabe kuyiqiniso umbono wokuthi latifundia zonakalise Italy?

Njengoba ezimweni eziningi, iphutha kolunye ulimi kungabanga ukuba yephutha emikhulu. Ukuhlaziya ibinzana «lalifundia perdidere Italiam», laphetfwe uMdala uPliny, M. noReinach uveza ukuthi ivelele umongo Ngokuvamile, uma elihunyushwe ngokuthi "izigodi zonakalise Italy". Ngokungangabazeki, leli likhomba esidabukisayo wezolimo e-Italy, futhi M. noReinach uncamela ukuhumusha le nkulumo ngokuthi "Italy iqala ukulahlekelwa latifundia". Ngamanye amazwi, inceku emafeni amakhulu kuthiwa eziwohlokayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo kwenzeka hhayi kuphela eduze enhlokodolobha, kodwa futhi ezifundazweni. Kunoma ikuphi, singasho ukuthi latifundia - kuba icebo enkulu yezwe izigqila besebenza kukho.