Yini efunda ngesayensi kwezomnotho? Kubaluleka nomqondo isayensi kwezomnotho

Abacwaningi Luzama ukuphendula umbuzo uhlola isayensi wezomnotho, cishe ngekhulu XVIII. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho zonke izimfanelo for the new isiyalo ozalwa lapho icela afunde izimbangela of kokucetshiswa womuntu. Kuze kube manje, lezi survey aye mbono eziningi nezimfundiso ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuvela ezomnotho

Ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa nokusatshalaliswa izimpahla namasevisi - yilokho efunda ngesayensi kwezomnotho. Into yocwaningo ubonakele ekuqaleni isintu, kanye ukuhweba. Nokho, kuze kube isayensi kwezomnotho XVIII leminyaka ngomqondo wesimanje engazange abe khona, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi ngisho ngokoqobo kwezomnotho.

Breakthrough ngenxa yolwazi ezincwadini izizathu kwandzisa lwati kwezinye kanye phansi abanye kwenzeka ngo 1776, lapho kukhululwa incwadi ethi yanyatheliswa u-Adam Smith sika "Kuvele Inquiry Nature and Izimbangela we Umcebo of Nations." usosayensi oyiNgisi wokuqala ohlongozwayo ezinye ukulungisiswa ezincwadini ukuhweba othayi, ukukhiqizwa kanye nemali. Yena waba usomlomo kanye systematizer imibono osekuyisikhathi eside lalingaphezu emoyeni. Yiqiniso, ekuqaleni isayensi kwezomnotho bebelokhu baziwa ngokuphakamisa bonke abathengisi lokhonako ngempumelelo zasendulo Ephakathi. Kodwa u-Adam Smith wanikeza lesi ulwazi lwesayensi. Nge ikhule ezimbotsheni yayo konke uhlola isayensi wezomnotho, wahlolwa ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu imisebenzi eyiNgisi abadumile.

imibuzo Basic kwezomnotho

Inkinga eyinhloko emnothweni itholakala lokuthi umuntu unezidingo angenamkhawulo, kuyilapho ezizungezile imithombo yayo akuzona elingapheli. Ngenxa yalokhu ukuphikisana, zikhona izingqinamba eziningana ngokucindezela. izinkinga ezifanayo - yilokhu efunda ngesayensi kwezomnotho.

Nazi nje ezinye imibuzo eyisisekelo ukuthi uyaphendula: lokho mkhiqizo engcono kwenziwe ngayiphi indlela kungcono ukwenza muphi umsebenzi okufanele kwenziwe, ubani okufanele enze lo msebenzi, uyobekwaphi Imiphumela nokunye .. Zonke lezi zinkinga kwezomnotho ehambisana nokulingana elinganiselwe imithombo, okungase uyalele umuntu obaluliwe.

inkinga zokukhiqiza

Umuntu ungakha kuphela inani izimpahla ukuthi uvumela inani netinsita letikhona. The best indlela zokukhiqiza Ngilokho abafundi wesayensi yezomnotho yesimanje. Nge inhlanganisela efanele kwemithombo kanye izindlela eziphumelelayo ukwelashwa umuntu ungathola yi esiphezulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke.

Ngoba noma yisiphi ithiyori kwezomnotho ebalulekile ngezigaba. Kungenzeka zemvelo. Lawa izinsiza ziye kwavela ngenxa yesimo (sib, ukhuni, amanzi, izilimo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu wakwazi ukufeza inhlalakahle yabo ngenxa yokuthi azifundayo ukukhiqiza amathuluzi yokufakelwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi wakhe. Le ngxenye yiqoqo isisetshenziswa yesibili. Ngokwesibonelo, zihlanganisa isaha, izinzipho kanye nokunye .. In theory kwezomnotho, imithombo yokufakelwa zibizwa futhi ngokuthi inhloko-dolobha.

Labour and Capital

Omunye umthombo obalulekile yilona zabasebenzi. Kuyinto iqoqo wonke umsebenzi nabanengqondo futhi ezingokomzimba zabantu. Izinto ezingokwemvelo ayikwazanga ukuyisiza le ndoda ukuthi ababengakaze bazifunde uzisebenzise kanjani. Lokhu kwaba kuphela Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba umsebenzi izizukulwane eziningi. Emakhulwini eminyaka nezizwe womuntu zeminyaka kanzima, ukufunda lwabo. emhlabeni.

Inhlanganisela yimpumelelo kakhulu futhi ewusizo kwemithombo yemvelo, abasebenzi kanye dolobha yilokhu uyafundelwa ezomnotho njengoba isayensi. Ukuze abacwaningi kule ndawo kubalulekile ukuthola iresiphi ephumelela kunazo zonke izinto ezenziwa abantu, isb. E. Indlela ukuze bachithe isikhathi esincane nezisetshenziswa ngaleyo ndlela uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

geography kwezomnotho

Kukhona ahlobene eyala eziningana wezesayensi lapho, ngandlela-thile, livela emnothweni. Atadisha ezicini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila zabantu ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla namasevisi. Enye yalezi izifundo kuyinto geography kwezomnotho. Leli gama laqanjwa usosayensi Russian Mihailom Lomonosovym ngo-1751.

Kodwa ukuthi uhlola isayensi nokuma kwezwe kwezomnotho? Yiziphi izinto yokutadisha yayo? geography Economic ihlanganisa inhlangano imisebenzi kwezomnotho emphakathini ngokuvumelana nesimiso indawo. Lena isayensi ewusizo futhi abalulekile. Kuyasiza ukubona yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu esebenzisa umcebo futhi ukukhiqiza izimpahla ababehlala endaweni ethile. Umhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezihlukahlukene. Lapho kukhona khona indlela ephumelelayo ukulima, ezinye izindlela zokukhiqiza kuyoba ezingenanzuzo. geography Economic kuyadingeka nje unqume ukuthi yini inhlanganisela zomsebenzi kanye capital zizosebenza esifundeni cwaningo.

izindlela zokukhiqiza

Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo kungenziwa ezivezwa bavezelwe amathekniki ahlukahlukeneko. Ngokwesibonelo, imoto efanayo iyatholakala ku elihambayo embonini enkulu nge okuzenzakalelayo umhlangano izinhlelo, kanye inkampani encane kanye nedlanzana. Kubaluleka ezomnotho okudingekayo ukuze siphendule umbuzo othi yiziphi izindlela zokukhiqiza kuyoba inzuzo nalefanele.

Kufanele achitha isikhathi esincane esingaba izinsiza kungenzeka, umzamo nesikhathi. Yingakho kudingeka ufunde ngezisekelo wezomnotho - ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi indlela zokukhiqiza kuyoba lesikahle zomnikazi. I Ochwepheshe ungayisebenzisi ukwakhiwa ezingacacile. Kwezomnotho, kukhona ifomula ecacile kahle kwezomnotho, okuyinto ingabalwa kusukela inani izinsiza ezikhona kanye nezinye izici ezibalulekile.

nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi

isayensi Economic umise le nkampani, zimbalwa izinkinga eziyisisekelo. Enye inkinga embi kakhulu phakathi kwabo ngaso linye mayelana nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi. Esalele umbono wokuthi umuntu ngamunye kufanele ukubhekana kuphela ndaba lapho he is a professional weqiniso.

Umhlaba isayensi kwezomnotho okuxosha inganekwane ukuthi isisebenzi esisodwa kungaba onguchwepheshe jikelele. Umlimi ngeke senze usuku kusihlwa ungaphindi oluthathwa zibe imbongi. Ngakho-ke, osomnotho ngesikhathi waba umsekeli ardent futhi umgqugquzeli imfundo professional ukuthi intsha emfundweni ephakeme. Lokho amanyuvesi zisiza umphakathi ukusabalalisa kangcono abantu niches ethandwa kakhulu. Umqondo ezomnotho kuhlanganisa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma eziningana mayelana division efanele zomsebenzi.

ukwabiwa komnotho

isayensi Economic kuyadingeka futhi ukuze ngokunembile ukunquma ukuthi ungasabalalisa kahle izimpahla ezivezwa umphakathi. Inzuzo zanqwabelana akukwazi ezandleni efanayo. Bona aluka phakathi kwabantu abanamandla okuyithenga. Ithuluzi le nqubo kuyinto ukuhweba.

Ngenxa nokudayisa izimpahla awela ezandleni ezintsha. Kuyinto Yebo engokwemvelo izenzakalo. Nokho, kuwumbono kwezomnotho inquma indlela engcono lokusakaza ngengcebo amalungu omphakathi (idolobha, izwe, isifunda). Abacwaningi futhi ososayensi eminyaka wazama lesingiko siphindze sitfutfukise luhlelo ayezosenza ukufeza ukusabalala okulinganayo iningi dolobha. Kulokhu sikhuluma nale oda lapho izimpahla kwanele kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi lapho abanye akukho isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona, kuyilapho abanye - ukuntuleka izinzuzo.