Fiber optic futhi indlela elisebenza ngayo

Imicu yotshani Optical ukukhombisa isibonelo sendlela ulwazi lwesayensi udluliselwa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ukuthi ekugcineni kube lula ukuphila kumuntu ovamile. Nge-fiber optic iminyaka eminingi yokuxhumana ephathelene kusho ngokudlulisa yezinzwa. Izacile usayizi ntambo ye unwele lomuntu ingasetshenziswa ukudluliswa anhlobonhlobo amasignali ukuthi zidingeka ukuba zisebenzise ifoni, ukuxhumana kwe-intanethi, i-TV nokunye. D. Yiqiniso, ngenxa amakhono tekusebenta eliphezulu fiber optic isetjentiswe hhayi kuphela nezidingo yasendlini.

i-signal ngokusebenzisa i-optical fibre transmission technology

Ngokwaso ukusetshenziswa fibre optical njengoba amasignali umhumushi - kuphela ukudalulwa kolwazi okuyinto uhlola kwesigaba yesayensi-fiber optic. Ochwepheshe kulo isiqondiso basafunda ukudluliswa ulwazi kanye esiphelweni yokukhanya, futhi umongo efanayo, kuhlangene nabaqondisi ukukhanya. asetshenziswa Lesi sakamuva, futhi njengoba nabasabalalisi emhlabeni nokuthi omoya ulwazi. By the way, esekelwe diodes ukukhanya-likhipha njengoba okwenzeka namuhla yentuthuko laser ubuchwepheshe. Nokho, kuleli cala, omunye umbuzo ezithakazelisayo - lokho mkhuba kusenhliziyweni ka-fiber optic? Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa reflection yangaphakathi (inani) emisebeni kagesi in the imingcele Kwe-dielectric Heating kokuba indices ezahlukene yezokubona. Kulokhu esiphathiswa Imininingwane ukhonza hhayi isignali kagesi, kanye ecucuza ukukhanya okubhalwe. Ukuze siqonde ngezinga elithile akaphakeme fibre optic izintambo kuze metal bendzabuko kufanele waphinda baphendukele umthamo wabo. Kakade okukhulunywa fibre ntambo kabani ukujiya akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 0.5 mm, uyakwazi ukukhulula inani Imininingwane ezizosebenza ezivamile zethusi wiring nge ukushuba mm 50 kuphela.

Izindlela yokukhiqiza fibre optical

Kukhona izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, okungase ekhiqizwa i fibre optical. Lena inqubo extrusion futhi ukuncibilika usebenzisa preforms. Ubuchwepheshe yokuqala ivumela yekhwalithi ephansi impahla plastic-based, ngakho namuhla cishe ayisetshenziswa. Eyesibili indlela kubhekwa eyinhloko futhi ibe wusizo kakhulu. I preform - alinalutho, elise isakhiwo zokuphetha lokuluhlaza. Ngokwezindinganiso zanamuhla, preform ungase ube ukuphakama kuze kufinyelele amashumi amaningana amamitha. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga lintonga ingilazi nge ububanzi of mayelana 10 cm, kusukela lapho encibilikisiwe core fibre. Ngo inqubo yokukhiqiza induku ndawonye nenye imicu uyabaselwa lokushisa eliphezulu, okwathi kamuva sesigcilikisha ukuphotha. Ubude impahla okuholela ongafinyelela amakhilomitha amaningana, nakuba kuleli cala ubukhulu alushintshi - ezenzakalelayo ukulawula izinguquko zalo. Kuye lapho yokukhanya fibre, ukwaziswa okuzocatshangelwa kungase ibe-pre-kusetshenzwe ezinengilazi ezinikeza isivikelo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali ukuze zisetshenziswe. Ngokuqondene Izingxube for lokuluhlaza ukubunjwa yabo ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izinto ezifana polyimide, acrylate, futhi abicah.

izici isakhi fibre optical

I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba intambo iyona core - kakhulu umnyombo fibre, okuyinto uyokwendlala ukukhanya ngokuhamba msebenzi. Umnyombo libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhanya indices yezokubona ukuthi ibangelwa usebenzisa ingilazi doped ngokulungiswa izithasiselo ekhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Silica Imicu yotshani usebenzisa izingxenye ejwayelekile njenge dopant yezokubona. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, igobolondo owenza izinto eziningana, ebaluleke kakhulu ye okuyinto ngokushesha ngokuvikelwa ngokwenyama core. Le ngxenye futhi ihlinzeka umphumela kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona, kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane. Umngcele phakathi izinto ezimbili yakha isakhiwo Umhlahlandlela ukukhanya okuyinto ayikuvumeli ivolumu ugongolo eyinhloko lukwazi ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Futhi uzinake ukuthi izisekelo fiber optic libhekisela izinhlobo zemicu impahla. Ukuze enembile, sikhuluma mayelana waveguides Kwe-dielectric Heating adlulisa amasignali ukukhanya.

Izinhlobonhlobo imicu optical

I asebenza ngebhethri ezivamile, plastic kanye fibre flyuoridnye. Quartz ntambo esekelwe ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga ngu oxide noma isakhiwo impahla efana kuhlanganise doped Silicon oxide. Lolu hlaka kwenza ukukhiqiza Imicu yotshani nezimo futhi eside, libhekene futhi lapho okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla lokukhanda. Plastic-fiber optic wenza kusukela polymers futhi, njengoba sekushiwo, ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza izibalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ikakhulukazi, lokuluhlaza ezifana abe ingxenye enkulu ukulahleka kwedatha, okwenza zilinganiselwe izinhlobo ukusetshenziswa kwabo ezindaweni ngenkani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuyikhokhela plastic fibre kugcina ukufuneka le nto ndlela ngamakhasimende umthengi ingxenye. Kepha izinto flyuoridnyh optical, ezisisekelo sazo kusekelwe izibuko fluorozirconate futhi fluoroaluminate. Kuyinto izixazululo ngempela zanamuhla futhi yempucuko ukuze kube nokuxhumana optical, kodwa okuqukethwe izinsimbi ezisindayo e isakhiwo futhi kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa yabo, isibonelo, kule mboni kwezempilo.

Ukulinganisa nemishini fibre

Imishini ezivamile asetshenziswe amasethi fiber optical nezinzwa kukhona Bragg imigqa eyamukela. Fibre izinzwa optic - idivayisi senzelwe ukulungisa ezinye amagugu agcwele isimo impahla okwamanje. Ngokwesibonelo, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene kungacacisa ukuthi uhlobo, izinga lokushisa, ukudledlezela, umfutho kanye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo. Bragg nehele ku umsebenzi walo kuba eduze izici optical. It idlulisela ku fibre core yezokubona ukuphazamiseka aperiodic. Lokhu nesilinganiso ivumela ukuthola indlela ama-fiber optic ziyasebenza ku Isignali ye-ukusakaza ezimweni ezithile. Futhi, ochwepheshe zisebenzisa i OTDR, ukubhaliswa izibalo ukushabalalisa nokuzabalazela.

Optical fibre yokukhulisa umsindo lasers

Lona imikhiqizo eziphambili kakhulu, okuyinto eyenziwa esekelwe ubuchwepheshe-fiber optic. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo lasers, ukusetshenziswa sesigcilikisha optical kwenza icwecwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ewasebenzisa ngokuwonga. Ikakhulukazi, ama-fiber optic ubuchwepheshe esiye sathatha indawo laser amadivayisi zakudala ngenxa izinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• Ukusebenza kahle ukushisa ukususwa.
• enanini okukhipha emisebeni ye.
• Uzotshala kahle.
• nokwethenjelwa okuphezulu kanye ukuzinza laser.
• Okuphansi imishini isisindo.

Futhi, yokukhulisa umsindo kuye ngohlobo ingasetshenziswa ekhaya zokuxhumana imigqa, okwandisa izinga ukusebenza main fibre umugqa. Nokho, kwenkululeko ukusebenza kwe-fibre kuyafaneleka ukucabangela kabanzi.

Yingani kumele usebenzise ama-fiber optic?

tinkhombandlela eziningana, esebenzisa izinto fiber-optic kungathiwa. Lona sphere kwezicelo yasekhaya, imishini ezokuxhumana, kanye nemishini computer, kanye niches ezikhethekile kakhulu, kuhlanganise nabanye amagatsha emithi. fiber optic okukhethekileko kwenziwa ngayinye yalezi izingxenye. Sebenzisa njengenda ejwayelekile yokudlulisela TV abezindaba noma isignali Inthanethi, isibonelo, elinganiselwe onobuhle plastic eshibhile izinga ophansi. Kodwa amadivaysi ezokwelapha imishini laser futhi kuyabiza zisebenzisa izinga okusezingeni asebenza ngebhethri fibre Ilungiselelwe njengengxenye modifiers ezengeziwe.

Ukusetshenziswa fiber optic kwezokwelapha

Imicu yotshani enjalo ingase isetshenziselwe e imishini kwezokwelapha kanye zomculo. Le nqubo ejwayelekile kuhilela kungenzeka ukwethula apharathasi okhethekileko refracted ukukhanya Imicu yotshani ukuthi kakade somzimba bangadlulisela isibonakaliso sangaphandle ithelevishini ikhamera. Fiber optic isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha njengendlela material ukukhanyisa. Iinsetjenziswa ifakwe fibre amamojuli akuvumele nabuhlungu ukugqamisa ingaphakathi esiswini, nasopharynx, njll

Ukusetshenziswa fiber optic e imishini computer

Mhlawumbe lena niche ezivamile, okuyinto ithole indawo yayo fibre. Ngaphandle-ke hhayi namuhla ongakwenza isixhumanisi phakathi kumadivayisi ngabanye adlulisa ulwazi. Yiqiniso, lokhu kusebenza kulezo zindawo lapho akunakwenzeka noma okungalungile ukusebenzisa uxhumano olungenantambo, nayo ngenkuthalo esikhundleni izintambo njengoba enjalo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkampani ngobukhulu ezokuxhumana ziya kuvuleke Interregional backbone inethiwekhi, esebenzisa ama-fiber optic. Ukusetshenziswa kulezi ziteshi imishini neuropathy kanye nezinsizakalo ezokuxhumana ezivamile evumela abasebenzisi nokwandisa izindleko zezimali kulungisa ingqalasizinda inethiwekhi, kanye ukwandisa nekusebenta ukudluliswa kwedatha.

nemibi fibre

Ngeshwa, imicu optic ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ubuthakathaka. Nakuba okuqukethwe okuthumele enjalo ushibhile, ingasaphathwa ukuntula isidingo izibuyekezo njalo, izindleko okokusebenza kunalelo nozakwabo metal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-fiber optic kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo kwezokwelapha kunomkhawulo kakhulu ngenxa okuqukethwe kwezinye Alloys lomthofu futhi zirconium ukungcola, ingozi ezinobuthi ezingaba yingozi kubantu. Ngokuyinhloko kumayelana esezingeni ingilazi onobuhle, hhayi plastkovyh.

Ukukhiqizwa fibre optical eRussia

Njengengxenye yohlelo yokungenisa esikhundleni ngo-2015, le mboni "izinhlelo ze-fiber optic" lavulwa ngo Mordovia. Kuyinto ibhizinisi kuphela eRussia, okuyinto okwamanje ngangokunokwenzeka uzama ukuhlangabezana nezidingo abathengi basekhaya fibre optical. Ngu 2015, umkhakha isiRashiya uyabandakanyeka yokukhiqiza of fibre optic nezinto, kodwa ngaphakathi amaphrojekthi ezithile abahlosiwe. Uhlobo olufanayo isimo uyaqhubeka namuhla. Uma inkampani ethile kuzodinga fiber optic kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo kwezokwelapha emkhakheni ezokuxhumana izindawo uzobe ngokwezimali walungisiswa ke kukhona okuningi izimboni zilungele ukusebenza ezifana oda ekhethekile ngamunye. Nokho, ekukhiqizweni ikhebula efanayo kusukela fibre kuphela Mordovia isitshalo izosebenza esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi akakwazi ukuphakela emakethe ngokuhambisana ivolumu funa. A elikhulu ekukhiqizeni namanje wathenga e-United States naseJapane. Ngisho imikhiqizo yasekhaya ekhiqizwa ku izinto zokusetshenziswa amazwe.

isiphetho

imikhiqizo fibre optic kwakhiwa njengoba ingxenye wemakethe isivele eminyakeni engaba ngu-15-20. Kuyo yonke le minyaka umthengi wakwazi ukuba bazise isithunzi samakhebula entsha, kodwa intuthuko akemi namanje. Njengoba kwanda izimfanelo lobuchwepheshe kanye ngokomzimba futhi sandise isicelo material. Okwamuva fibre optical esekelwe nanotechnology, ngokukhethekile, ngenkuthalo asetshenziswe uwoyela umkhakha igesi kanye nomkhakha wezokuvikela umkhakha. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, nonlinear fiber optic eba ngenkathi lomqondo kuphela, kodwa ezindaweni ethembisa kakhulu ubuchwepheshe. Phakathi kwazo kunabafundi kokucindezelwa laser pulses, solitons optical, ultra-iDemo emisebeni optical, njll Kusobala ukuthi ngaphezu izifundo theory benethuba ukuvulwa kanye ngaphakathi ulwazi ngokuqinile isayensi, ezintsha futhi kuvumele uhlelo emakethe ukwenza izinhlinzeko ezintsha kumakhasimende abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene.