Okubangelwa abantu imvelo: Izinkinga kanye nezixazululo

Izinto ezenziwa abantu bazo zonke amathonya omubi kwezemvelo, futhi ngenxa yalokhu futhi lonke imvelo. izici Modern ezenziwe umuntu sezishiye i ngokweqile oluqinisayo Parikova umphumela, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kongqimba lwe-ozone, nemvula ene-asidi nezinye izinkinga zemvelo.

Amagesi abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini

Namuhla nethonya womuntu ku emkhathini kakhulu. Nsuku zonke zikhona izinkampani ezintsha kanye nezimoto ukuthi ihlaba umkhosi esibalulekile igesi. Bonke basuke bagxila emkhathini, okuholela ukuvela greenhouse umphumela oqinile. Ngakho yikhono ezinye amagesi ogeleza ebusweni iplanethi emisebeni yelanga ngaphezulu.

Lapho olinganise kwemvelo Isivuvu ingenye izici zokuphila emhlabeni, njengoba kuba ngenxa kuye, sasindisa izinga lokushisa evamile. Nokho, ngenxa yokwanda igesi lokuhlushwa emkhathini lokhu kulinganisela kuyaphazamiseka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, namuhla kwemvelo bezulu bathi ukwanda okushisa isilinganiso emhlabeni wonke.

Emkhathini-carbon dioxide

elikhulu zomuntu emkhathini ngenxa izici eziningana. Lena ngokuyinhloko isikhutha esiphumela emoyeni. It has a abamba ukushisa ongaphakeme ezingaba, kodwa kube khona emkhathini amashumi eminyaka. Ngakho-ke, lo lokuhlushwa carbon dioxide esiholela yinkinga yembulunga yonke kancane kancane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ngokuzethemba.

Umthombo oyinhloko ketshezi emkhathini - ukucutshungulwa nokusha uwoyela, amalahle, igesi, ngamanye amazwi, Zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. ukubaluleka kwabo isintu ayikwazi overestimated - sibonga lezi zokubasa ukhiqiza cishe 80% amandla emhlabeni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izidingo zomphakathi zikhule. Kukhona amafactory, idolobha - konke lokhu kuqinisa nomthelela wezenzo zabantu emkhathini. Ngamunye emakhaya ngonyaka-carbon dioxide imvelo landa ngamaphesenti cishe uhhafu iphuzu iphesenti.

Zikhona nezinye izizathu ezenza ukuthi ukuphoqa imvelo. Ngakho ukwehla kancane kancane endaweni ehlathini esishintshashintshayo enkabazwe kanye tropical kubangela ukukhululwa ezengeziwe carbon oxidized. Le nqubo kunomthelela imvelo nje kuphela kodwa futhi indoda. umsebenzi wayo asebenzayo kwezomnotho siyimbangela ahlabayo kancane kancane phansi amahlathi ezingasho.

Ngenxa yezinguquko asemkhathini isikhutha esiphumela emoyeni ukwandisa empeleni kuhlanganise ulwandle, olubamba futhi ancibilikisa kwakwakhe. Le nqubo engokwemvelo yokufunda, olinganise lapho ngobugebengu ngenxa Ukungenela komuntu. Scale exchange phakathi umkhathi izingqimba ezijulile olwandle Namanje hhayi ncamashi baziswa. engavamile yayo wukuthi le nqubo umlamuleli sishintsha lonke ecosystem iyonke. Njengoba okubangelwa abantu emkhathini kuthinta-photosynthesis, okuyinto umthombo kushukunyiswa-carbon dioxide.

methane ngokweqile

Isivuvu buyaqina futhi ngenxa emakamu eliphezulu methane, okuyinto likhula ngenxa ezibangelwe umuntu. kwakheka it is in vivo e emaxhaphozini, emasimini elayisi, nokunye. d. Kodwa namuhla, cishe 60% methane emkhathini kuphakama kusukela amandla omlilo izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, uwoyela nokwenza ukukhiqizwa gas. Zonke lezi zici ukwandisa nomthelela wezenzo zabantu emkhathini.

Kafushane imvelo has izindlela zalo siqu inciphise methane. Lokhu kwaziswa ingahlalisekanga. It esuswa umoya ngenxa ukusebenzisana nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali, kuhlanganise ion hydroxyl. Nokho, ngisho nawo la izinqubo zemvelo namuhla abakwazi ukugcina lokuhlushwa methane ngohlaka evamile. Efanisa izibalo yesimanjemanje kanye zangenkathi yangaphambi zezimboni, ososayensi baye bafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi izinombolo ivukile ezingaphezu kuka kabili, okungakwazi ahlale ngaphandle kwemiphumela ngoba yonke le mbulunga.

ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke

Ngenxa abamba ukushisa yaqinisa lokushisa emhlabeni phezu leminyaka elidlule kuye kwanda ngokwesilinganiso by 0,6 ° C. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo umthelela ongemuhle umthelela womuntu ku emkhathini. Futhi nakuba izinombolo Kungabonakala sengathi senza okuncane ezingasho lutho, eqinisweni, izinguquko ngisho encane kakhulu siguqula uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli.

kuyanda lokushisa elihlobene ne Ukungenela komuntu, yashesha ngesivinini kusukela ngo-1980. lapho emazweni amaningi yaqala ukubonakala ezingasho izitshalo ezintsha, futhi kwakukhona boom imoto. alamu esokuqala isithunywa savuthela ixilongo zemvelo, khona-ke lonke ososayensi. Izifundo ngale ndaba ibilokhu iba kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XX, lapho kwakukhona ubuchwepheshe besimanje adingekayo ephezulu ukucacisa izilinganiso lokushisa kanye afingqe kwaziswa ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Hlahluba okuzayo

Namuhla kukhona eziningana onobuhle ezicatshangelwayo zezinkolelo-kuzokwenzekani. Uma umthelela yezenzo zesintu emkhathini izohlala injalo noma baqhubeke bekhula (le ndlela iyona cishe kunazo), i-kwamagesi abamba ukushisa kuyokhula kancane kancane. Ngu XXII lwethi lokushisa kuyanda at 2-3 ° C. Ngakho izinguquko enkulu kuzokwenzeka ezonini Arctic kanye arctic. Umphumela esibonakala kakhulu ukuncibilika okukhulu kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá. Le nqubo waqala namuhla.

Umthelela yizenzo zabantu ku emkhathini kuzoholela ukuthi kwezulu ukwanda. zabo imephu ukusatshalaliswa kuyoba kakhulu ezimibalabala ezingaphezu kuka-ke manje. Nokho, ukubamba iqhaza izinhlekelele ezahlukene zemvelo ezifana-tsunami, iziphepho, izivunguvungu. A inhlekelele okufanayo okwenzeka ngo-Ngasekupheleni kuka-2005, ogwini olusenyakatho-Indian Ocean, zabulala abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-300.

Ngenxa ukunciphisa kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye entabeni, ezingeni isilinganiso izilwandle uyaqhubeka likhula. Kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, wavuka-10 - 20 amasentimitha. Ngisho nanamuhla, engozini amashidi yiqhwa Antarctica Greenland Ncibilikisa eqhweni. Kukhula kolwandle kuyodingeka umthelela omkhulu izingxenye ugu lapho abantu abaningi baphile. zihlanganisa Netherlands, Bangladesh kanye t. d Lezi zindawo.

Yiqiniso, isimo umthelela ekuphileni kwabantu kungaba nge isikhathi ushintsho. Konke kuncike ubudlelwane lwesintu benze imisebenzi yabo ibhizinisi. Emazweni amaningi namuhla sekuthandwa imithombo yamandla lapho ungehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli kanye nezinye fuel elimazayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungcono windmills kanye solar panel. Inkinga zokuthutha futhi ku isinqumo esiteji. Abanye abakhiqizi yezimoto eziphambili igcile udaba bese ngcono onobuhle ukusebenzisa ugesi.

Ukwehla kwezinga ungqimba lwe-ozone

ukufudumala ngokweqile - akusiwona inkinga kuphela izinto ezizokhuthaza nomthelela wezenzo zabantu omubi emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba lwe-ozone libhujiswa ngenxa ezibangelwe umuntu. Kungenxa iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva, endaweni engamamitha angaba ngu-25 amakhilomitha. Lokhu ungqimba elincanyana ivikela surface eMhlabeni kusukela emisebeni ultraviolet, umthombo okuyinto ilanga.

Ngenxa-ozone ku iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva kwakheka izimo ezikahle ukuvela zokuphila emhlabeni. Lapho wadalula yelanga kokuba amafomu ezinzima kakhulu okuba nomdlavuza wesikhumba, izifo iso, ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuholela ukwehla okusanhlamvu ezithela, ukubhujiswa plankton olwandle kanye nezinye imiphumela kwezemvelo okunomthelela omubi kakhulu.

Ithonya elibi emkhathini emzimbeni womuntu akusiwona ngaphakathi the ngcosana ngenxa yokuthi ngenxa ezibangelwe umuntu-ozone elahlekile-5% we-isisindo sazo. Ngo-1984, abacwaningi baseBrithani ukutadisha Antarctica baye bathola buyinto emangalisayo. Kuleli zwekazi, baye waloba omkhulu i-ozone "umgodi" - kokuwa izinga we-ozone kuwo 40% ngezansi isilinganiso. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, namuhla, iplanethi yethu uthola izikhathi 10 ngaphezulu emisebeni ultraviolet, uma kuqhathaniswa amanani zemvelo.

Udaba lwe-ozone uye ngokuya ziba yingozi isignali kwemvelo. imihlangano eminingana yesigodi ngamazwe Ukhishiwe ekupheleni XX leminyaka, owawuthi ukuphathwa emazweni athuthukile bavumelana ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa yabo, ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa chlorofluorocarbons. kuphakama okunjalo anomalies esiyingozi yingenxa yalezi izinto.

nemvula ene-asidi

ithonya Human ku emkhathini unesinye ukuma. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ukwanda asidi. Ngo isayensi, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i acidification. Okhulisa iqala asidi emkhathini, bese kwezulu izinguquko ezifanayo zenzeke kwabezindaba aqueous nenhlabathi.

Ezimweni zemvelo, lesi sibalo ibuthakathaka noma hlangothi. Nokho, ngenxa emkhathini nitrogen nesibabule oxides kuphakama esiyingozi acid kwezulu. imihlola Okufanayo kungenzeka by izizathu zemvelo, isib, ngemuva ukuqhuma. Kodwa-ke umsebenzi womuntu kunomthelela yengcebo umnikelo enkulu. Idatha zihlanganisa ukushiswa wezinsalela zokubasa izici. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko amalahle, elisetshenziswa boilers, ezishisayo izitshalo amandla, embonini kawoyela nelesimbi.

Ezolimo - esinye isizathu nemvula ene-asidi. Blame nitrogen umquba, okuyizinto wonke abalimi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa inqwaba. Zamakhemikhali enhlabathini, futhi ukusuka lapho kwezinye izindawo imvelo, kuhlanganise emkhathini.

Ngokusebenzisa ukuwa nemvula ene-asidi emvelweni futhi umonakalo kwamahlathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, emachibini noma emifuleni. Ngenxa izakhi ze-nitrogen kukhona ulwelwe ngaphezulu, okuyinto athole umoya-mpilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhathi ugcwele spoilt ngokushintsha emisebeni yangemuva emhlabeni, kanye ibhalansi izakhi imvelo.

ukungcola komoya

Nsuku zonke, inkampani amandla ezishisayo, amakhemikhali umkhakha, izinsimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana izinto ezintsha elimazayo. Lokhu kuholela ukungcoliswa komoya ngemuva phezu izindawo ezinkulu kuwo wonke amazwe. Ecosystem emadolobheni nasemazweni anamuhla egcwele ukudla okuqinile (isibonelo, izinsimbi ezisindayo), nezimila kuwo besebenzisa noma zishintshe. Isizathu salokhu ukwehla - ukumuncwa emkhathini cishe sonke ishadi lesikhathi.

Inkinga jikelele, okuyinto sakuthinta ngayo ukuphila kwezigidi zabantu, kudinga izixazululo sina. Namuhla, emkhathini engakhi umthelela empilweni yomuntu kuye kwaholela ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ezihlobene ne-yokuhlanza zokuphila futhi ukukhiqizwa udoti. Kwaphela isikhathi eside abantu baye balwisana ukungcoliswa wokuhlanza kubo. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi lokhu endleleni engalungile.

Inkinga kumele uvinjelwe, hhayi ukuxazulula emva nesenzakalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sigqame sanitary-Ukuvikelwa zigaba, ethula ukuhlela entsha ezisemadolobheni nokwakhiwa ezimbonini. Ekugcineni, wasungula enqabelo zomthetho izinhlawulo. Iziphathimandla Uhulumeni fixed ukubaluleka esiphezulu lokuhlala kuvunyelwe izidakamizwa elimazayo emkhathini. Elibukhali amasheke avamile lokungcoliswa komoya. Ukukhiqizwa izinto ezithile ngokuvamile kungavunyelwe khona noma kubekelwe kanzima.

Impilo khahlela

I nomthelela omubi yokungcoliswa komoya empilweni yomuntu iyaqhubeka ikhula ngoba zamashumi eminyaka athile edlule. Abantu (ikakhulukazi labo abahlala emadolobheni) nsuku zonke ukuphefumula izinto eziyingozi emoyeni. Lokhu asbestos izinhlayiya, carbon omnyama, abaholayo ifomu okuqinile, sulfuric acid hydrocarbon ngesimo kuhlukaniswe amaconsi amancane, kanye amagesi ahlukahlukene. Ithathwe ndawonye, umthelela zonke lezi izinto singehlela ukuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wandise nengozi yokuba cardio-semithambo nemvelo.

Umthelela lokungcoliswa komoya empilweni yomuntu incike nezici ezithile umzimba sika isegazini isifo esithile. Kodwa izigameko sifo singumbulali mkhuba jikelele, okuyinto kunqunywa lokuhlushwa enkulu into ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-carbon monoxide, nesibabule ezibangela, propylene, ama-fatty acid, phambili futhi mercury imbangela yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Tifo letibangwa izinzwa nesimiso sezinzwa, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokubakhona chromium compounds kanye Silica. Phenol, fluoro, uthuli, hydrogen sulfide ne-carbon disulfide izizathu evundile yokuzalela ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo, izitho zokugaya.

imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, i-arsenic ne-benzene ngokufaka umoya namuhla waba nenkinga engathi sína endaweni ethé ukuhluka kancane. Zonke lezi zinto ezithinta umsebenzi zokuzala zomzimba womuntu. Leli qembu futhi zihlanganisa organic compounds, kuhlanganise dioxins.

ukulimala izimoto

Ngokusho izibalo zososayensi ku ekushayweni isilinganiso izinto eziyingozi emkhathini futhi kunciphisa ukuphila emoyeni isikhathi emi-3 kuya 5. Umthelela lokungcoliswa komoya ku okhula ngokuyinhloko ngenxa okwandayo ukusetshenziswa imoto. Okokhelekayo is lushiswe imishini ngokulinganayo hhayi ngokuphelele, ngoba lokho imvelo bese ketshezi nobungozi abantu. Lapho ukushayela idliwe 15% kuphela uphethiloli. Labo abasele abanga-85% aba imali emoyeni bese ufaka umoya.

Ikamelo amandla omlilo of injini imoto a ophendulayo zamakhemikhali, odala kwakwakhe entsha ezinobuthi. Nakuba ngokuvamile ngenxa nezinye izinto, kukhona umthelela womuntu elihle emkhathini, zonke lezi zinzuzo kuwubala uma kuqhathaniswa emiphumeleni ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto egijima ku uphethiloli. Kusukela imishini sihlale siyizo kwekhabhoni okuqinile like umule nomthofu. Imali kwi-hydrocarbon ebusweni, ezinye zazo kwandisa ingozi yomdlavuza.