Ithiyori Modern komnotho ezomnotho.

ithiyori Economic ingenye eyala ebaluleke kakhulu emnothweni. Phakathi nohlaka yayo anikwa postulates zefilosofi theory, kukhona Ucwaningo olunzulu emakethe. Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, umqondo theory kwezomnotho kuhilela iqoqo izimiso ukukusiza ukhethe yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo angenamkhawulo usebenzisa angamile kahle ngokwezimali. Ngamanye amazwi, a ukuphathwa komhlaba wonke, ehlanganisa sebuningini izikole nemisinga.

Isayensi kuthatha kwaqala lwesithathu BC leminyaka in eziningana emazweni aseMpumalanga sidilizwa. Izakhiwo zasendulo yokucabanga kwezomnotho kubhekwe njengento "Imithetho ye-Manu" of eNdiya yasendulo. A umfutho onamandla ekuthuthukiseni wanika kaPlato no-Aristotle. Okwabiwe ososayensi kulekelelwa wacabanga zefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo eRoma yasendulo.

Eyodwa yezindlela eyinhloko isayensi kuyinto ukumodeliswa sokuqhafaza, ithiyori kwezomnotho ie baphathe onobuhle ezahlukene efuna ukuchaza inqubo ethile. Big indima ukubikezela Ukukwazi ukubikezela inkambo izinqubo kwezomnotho okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke ngokuvamile inquma ukusebenza imfundiso ethile.

Njengoba ithiyori kwezomnotho kabanzi sokuthuthukiswa izincomo eziningi ezisebenzayo maqondana:

• ukwehla kwezinga lokwehla kwamandla emali;
• nokukhula kwe-GDP;
• izindleko nokwenza;
• imboni ngabanye.

Lokhu isayensi kuyaguquguquka, ngaphakathi kuwo bekulokhu kukhona zihlale theory entsha kwezomnotho kanye kwahambisana elidala. Le nqubo ngenakugwemeka ahlobene nezinguquko njalo emakethe. Landelela futhi sihlaziye ushintsho olunjalo ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu zomlando yakhelwe Umlando Economic ngomcabango.

Ngomqondo global, zonke izinkolelo-mbono kwezomnotho usethe umsebenzi ngokunembile kakhulu ukudlulisela zomnotho, ukuchaza ushintsho futhi ngeziphambeko.

ithiyori Modern kwezomnotho:

• Neo-Keynesianism - izikole imfundiso macroeconomic, esekelwe umsebenzi Dzhona Keynsa.
• Monetarism - macroeconomic imfundiso uyazicabangela legumbi lemali umnotho zemali in kwegazi. Wabeka isisekelo yokuziphendukela kaNobel u-Milton Friedman.
• New theory yesikhungo - imfundiso ihlaziya tikhungo tetenhlalo ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu ithiyori kwezomnotho. Ngokuvamile kudidaniswe institutionalism, kodwa ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi lezi zimfundiso khona.
• Austrian School (aka Vienna, Psychological) - isiqondiso, ukugcina izimiso liberalism kwezomnotho: inkululeko ngokuya ukuthengiselana, ukunciphisa kokungenela kukahulumeni emnothweni. Ngokusho kusondela esikoleni Vienna, emnothweni kunzima kakhulu ukuhlaziya into (umbuzo kungenzeka sangempela ukuqagela) ngenxa yobuningi izici lokunquma isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuziphatha zezomnotho.
• Entsha wezomnotho kwezombangazwe - omunye izivivinyo kucwaningwe kakhulu ngaphakathi kohlaka ithiyori kwezomnotho yesimanje, ihlaziya izindlela zokuziphatha osopolitiki, izikhulu, abezindaba kanye labavoti ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu ezimakethe kanye nomnotho. Phakathi nohlaka yayo, kukhona ukungahambisani umqondo "isimo ekahle", esiklanyelwe banakekele izakhamuzi. Lo mbono kusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi abahlanganyeli kule nqubo - imbangela ukonakala.