Ifilosofi yamaGreki Lasendulo

Izinto zesimanje emhlabeni impucuko - umkhiqizo ongaqondile isiko yamaGreki asendulo. nefilosofi Lasendulo Greek - ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu-ke. Ngokusekelwe umqondo ezivamile, thina ukuhlukanisa izigaba eziningana lapho sekudlule ifilosofi namasiko endala bebonke.

Isinyathelo One. Umsuka wefilosofi lasungulwa. Eyokuqala isigamu VI ekhulwini BC. e, ingxenye ye-Asia Minor Greece -. Ionia kwaba eSamo naseMilethu. Kukhona yamaGreki asendulo esikoleni kuqala, olubizwa ngokuthi Milesian. Ukuze it fanele Anaximander, Thales, Anaximenes, futhi abafundi babo.

Isinyathelo Sesibili. Ukukhula nefilosofi, izimbali zayo (nge V ku IV BC), buya ezikoleni: Atomists, futhi Pythagorean amaSophist. Lesi sigaba lihlotshaniswa namagama ongqondongqondo enkulu - USocrates, u-Aristotle, uPlato.

Isinyathelo ezintathu. ifilosofi yamaGreki sidilizwa kubhekene ukwehla. Inkathi Latin nefilosofi yamaGreki. Kakhulu liphinyiselwe ngesikhathi yamaGreki Philosophy - Scepticism, Stoicism, Epicureanism.

Uma thina ukuhlukanisa okuqukethwe imicabango zefilosofi, sithola lokhu okulandelayo:

• zakudala ekuseni (pre-Socratics, izazi zemvelo): "Physis", "Isikhala" futhi oyiyo;
• naphakathi zakudala (usike nge zemvelo yakhe esikoleni);
• zakudala okusezingeni eliphezulu (Aristotle, uPlato no izikole zabo).

Yiziphi izici wefilosofi yamaGreki asendulo? Libhekene Antique Greek ifilosofi generalized iziqalo of ulwazi lwesayensi lasendulo, kugcinwa izenzakalo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo, kanye impumelelo amasiko umcabango ngokwesayensi aseMpumalanga. Ngenxa yalesi mlando uhlobo yalelozwe libhekene cosmocentrism. Imvelo kanye izakhi - the macrocosm, uhlobo ukuphindaphinda zomhlaba, le ndoda - microcosm. Lesi isimiso eliphakeme, okuyinto subjugates ukubonakaliswa womuntu, ngokuthi isiphetho. Kule nkathi ufeze ukuthuthukisa ilwazi leembalo ezesayensi, okuholela, esikhundleni salokho, kuya nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula ulwazi lwesayensi ne ukwazi ngenxa yobuhle nokusikwa basezinganekwaneni. Umbuzo: kungani otholakala lokhu kubonakaliswa kuyoboniswa nguMbusi wazalwa eGrisi lasendulo?

Imibandela, laba kanjani nesandla ekwakhekeni libhekisela, okokuqala kunakho konke, inkululeko yokucabanga ngokunqoba kwamaGreki asendulo, ezibangelwa engokwenkolo Greece ethize lasendulo: nasezinkolelweni ezingokwenkolo azixhunyiwe ne isiqondiso olunzima kunalo lonke ake kwezenhlalo futhi ngabanye. Phakathi kwamaGreki, akukho lombhalo sabapristi, elithatha thonya kwamanye amazwe asempumalanga. izinkolelo ngesiGreki ungaceli ngendlela efanayo olandelanayo wokuphila, kokubili e-East efanayo. Kunalokho, kwakukhona isikhala esanele bokusungula, self-search. Ukuze uthole ekuqaleni ukuphila. Kuyathakazelisa okungenani, nokuthi lesi sikhathi libhekene umsebenzi, okuyinto waveza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ku olunzulu ikoloni Izindawo (kusukela VII ekhulwini BC). Kuqhathaniswa ezungeze abantu umzimba, eshaya Ukukhetha elikhanyayo imisebenzi amaGreki, ukufuduka ukuhamba kanye ibhizinisi. Bancika ngokwabo, amakhono abo kuphela, kuyilapho bembonisa bangempela, yesithakazelo ayenaso kulokho emzungezile.

ifilosofi yamaGreki yasendulo, cosmocentrism

Njengoba vele sesiyazi, e VI-IV ekhulwini BC iyona zezimbali okusheshayo njengoba nefilosofi, nempucuko jikelele. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umhlaba omusha wadala, umbono omusha zomhlaba nedivayisi yayo, imfundiso yokungafi yonke, okuyinto kungukuqala kolwazi lanamuhla nokwatholakala. Land (nakho konke okukuwo), ukukhanya nomkhathi imbozwe isikhala avaliwe umumo eyindilinga, ne umjikelezo njalo: zonke lapho, yonke into ageleza, izinguquko konke. Kodwa akukho muntu olaziyo futhi lapho ebuya. Ezinye izazi zefilosofi bathi konke isekelwe izakhi sezinzwa okucatshangelwayo (umlilo, amanzi, umoya-mpilo, umhlaba kanye Apeiron), abanye ukuchaza zonke ama-athomu zezibalo (the Pythagoreans), abanye azibonayo isisekelo engabonakali, isidalwa olulodwa (Eleatics), yesine kubhekwa Bedrock zama-athomu indivisible (Democritus), isimangalo yesihlanu ukuthi umhlaba kuphela isithunzi, umphumela ukugcwaliseka umcabango. Yiqiniso, zonke izinkomba manje kubonakala kuwubuwula futhi kuyisidala esingalingani, wawungakehleli sebefike ukuqaphela ukuthi ifilosofi kungaba nomnqopho namanani ahlukene. Nokho BC V leminyaka (UPlato futhi Democritus) kunikeza imigqa emibili ephikisanayo zimakwe. Zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi kwalezi imigqa egcina yonke nefilosofi ...