Technocracy - ke ngendlela engenabulungisa yicala umqondo noma okubi kakhulu zigigaba?

Philosophy of Technology kwenza bonke ukugcizelela kakhulu indima nezazi lobuchwepheshe ungaphakathi imodeli sezwe lanamuhla. Ngisho phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, ethandwa phakathi ompetha nomqondo technocracy, owawungumnyaka ngenxa kwentuthuko emangalisa kwezesayensi.

Thorstein Veblen kanye nomsebenzi wakhe

Kuyini technocracy? A definition emfushane lo mqondo lisikisela onjiniyela amandla, uvele iphinde ithuthukiswe ngendlela umsebenzi Thorstein Veblen. Ngezinga elikhulu ke siphathelene utopia social wazo ngokuthi "Engineers and uhlelo intengo", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1921. Kwezobuciko nesayensi wakhe Ochwepheshe isinyathelo enkonzweni kwenchubekelembili ekwenteni umkhakha futhi umphakathi, zingabantu yibhece bezimali bese ushintsha imibuthano ephakeme emphakathini ngoba okuhle ovamile. Ngokwe imibono Veblen, ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba ndawonye ochwepheshe ubuchwepheshe kanye kumiswa izindawo labalulekile eluLwimi kulawula ngekucabangisisa umphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, omunye wayengase athi technocracy - umqondo ukuthi uyaphumelela, inkulumo Veblen wathola impendulo ezithile kusuka Burl, Frisch nabanye.

Ukuvela technocrats ukunyakaza

Ngo kweshumi lesithathu zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili e-United States, lapho umphakathi owayelashwa umdlavuza i izinkinga zezomnotho, kwakukhona ukunyakaza, njengoba technocracy. Incazelo hlelo futhi izimiso zalo zisebenza kuzo zazisekelwe umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi indlela ephelele yezenhlalakahle okuhambisana ngokuphelele imicabango Veblen. Amalungu technocracy watshumayela omusha ozayo ubudala, umphakathi lapho zonke izidingo yanelisekile, umphakathi lapho onjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe abanezikhundla ehola. Futhi inqobo ukulawulwa sphere kwezomnotho, ngaphandle izinkinga, ukwabiwa efanele kwemithombo kanye nezinye izindaba.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela kwashesha technocrats. Kwakukhona izinhlangano abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu ukuthi ngiphupha izinguquko kwezezimboni nokuhlela yesayensi, esebenza kulo lonke izwe.

Technocracy emibhalweni Bernheim futhi Galbraith

Ngo-1941, Dzheyms Bernhaym, isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu esisebenza kusuka Melika, banyathelisa incwadi ethi "The ukwengamela Revolution." Kuyo bathi technocracy - umugqa yangempela yezepolitiki emazweni amaningana. Waqaphela ukuthi inguquko technocratic ngakho kuthinta umphakathi, akuyona socialism kuziwa esikhundleni le-capitalism kanye "umphakathi lokulawula". Control elihlobene ne impahla, ngokungabi bikho akekho omunye. Ubunikazi nokulawula isimo futhi ezinkulu corporations abahlukene. Bernheim babekholelwa ukuthi impahla kumele basonta elilawulayo, okusho abaphathi.

Esikhathini 60-70-yalolucwaningo umbono ka technocracy yasungulwa imisebenzi Dzhona Kenneta Galbraith sika "inkolelo-mbono Economic nemigomo emphakathini," futhi "I-New Industrial State". Ngo umqondo Galbraith ngokusekelwe umqondo wegama elithi "technostructure", a nezicukuthwane ongoti kule lobuchwepheshe nsimu, kuba "lwezikhali intelligence collective izixazululo."

I ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi zezimboni, the "technostructure" ziba hhayi nje kuphela izindaba kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi ekuphathweni komphakathi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi amandla ezombusazwe kumele ukuphinde ngigxilise ingqondo emihlanganweni ochwepheshe abasebenzisa ulwazi nesayense ukulawula umphakathi.

Technocracy - kuyisisekelo umbono 'umphakathi technotronic "by uZbigniew Bzhezhinskogo futhi" umphakathi post-ezimbonini "Deniela Bella.

Technocrat Daniel Bell

Daniel Bell - isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu esisebenza kanye uprofesa waseHarvard, okuyinto mkhuba technocratic ifilosofi. Esikhathini 60s wethula imfundiso yokuziphendukela umphakathi post-ezimbonini. It Bell bachazela umbono izinguquko capitalism okubangelwa umthelela intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukuguqulwa singene esimisweni esisha, okwakuyoholela lingafani umphakathi zezimboni, futhi kwakubasiza ukuba badedelwe zango yayo.

Ukugxekwa izimiso technocratic

technocrats ibikezela ngokoqobo isikhathi eside wayengalokothi ungaqiniseki. Engxenyeni zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili wesibili, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba okutholakele isimanga, okwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nokwenza ngcono amazinga abahlala emazweni amaningi. Kanye izinqubo omuhle, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe iye kwaholela ekuqiniseni uhlelo izenzakalo eziningi ezimbi ukuthi ukubeka ukuphila komuntu engozini. Ukugxekwa technocracy, amathemba ephelele yengxoxo uboniswe ukukhethwa imisebenzi yobuciko, okubandakanya futhi dystopia: "Utopia 14" UKarl Vonnegut, "Fahrenheit 451," Ray Bradbury "," Brave New World "by Aldous Huxley," 1984 "by George Orwell abanye. Lezi imisebenzi banciphisa lwesintu, njengoba igxeke umphakathi wobushiqela ka technocrats, lapho inkululeko gnoblenie futhi ubuntu kakhulu athuthukile isayensi nobuchwepheshe.

To-date ukubheka technocracy

Namuhla izazi zefilosofi kubhekwe inkinga technocracy njengoba omunye esiphuthumayo kakhulu. Labo asilahle izimiso technocratic bakholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ifilosofi, ayehlome Izinjongo zokuziphatha, zefilosofi zomthetho, lwezenhlalo ayingqalasizinda ngabe ukuqinisekisa umphakathi ukuthi technocracy - indlela ewubuwula yentuthuko.