Umphakathi Industrial njengoba isigaba yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle

Eminyakeni 60 kwekhulu lamashumi amabili a ithandwa enkulu ifilosofi kwezenhlalo kanye nefilosofi yomlando ngiye ngazuza emphakathini zezimboni theory. Bavele uxhumano ne okuthiwa izinhlelo indlela kumlando. Abasekeli balobu ndlela izinkinga zomlando, zomlando nefilosofi theory kwezenhlalo futhi wazama ukufihla inqubo zomlando iyonke, ukuliqonda njengoba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yentuthuko kanye inhlangano izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Industrial umphakathi kanye esiteji post-zezimboni babé imiqondo evelele kunazo zonke zalolu hlobo.

Ukuvela imiqondo le okudalwe ukuqaphela ukuthi akwanele nje ukugxeka imfundiso yokuziphendukela kaMarx zokwakheka. Phela, Psychology womuntu uye njalo safuna umqondo omuhle yomlando, "iphupho kulenyakankulungwane ezayo", uyakwazi esikhundleni enhle kaMarx.

Isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu French Raymond Aron e "Izinkulumo zomphakathi ezimbonini" yakhe echazwe umehluko ngemibono phakathi kwala makamu sezenhlalo kanye kosozimali ayibalulekile. Bobabili emakamu abekade kwakhe "umphakathi owodwa ezimbonini" efanayo, kuphela ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lo mqondo yasungulwa sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American Walt Rostow. Ngo-1960 wakhipha umqulu ukuthusa "Manifesto ezingewona amaKhomanisi kwezinye izindawo 'bakhe, okungukuthi, umsebenzi" Izinyathelo Economic Growth. " Kule ncwadi, wasikisela ngaphandle Marxism, isimiso se-division kwesakhiwo - hhayi ngesisekelo zokwakheka izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, futhi izigaba zokukhula komnotho. Ngakho, umphakathi zezimboni angena umqondo yentuthuko kulo lonke emlandweni wesintu.

Izigaba zokukhula ezihambisana nezinga ekutfutfukisweni kwetimboni, ubuchwepheshe, isayensi kanye nokukhula komnotho, ngokuvumelana Rostow, kukhona ezinhlanu:

1) umphakathi wendabuko e omkhulu obusa isimiso sezomnotho yezolimo, phezulu senhlalo kanye isethi EsiZulwini asinayo yamanani;

2) umphakathi wesikhashana, oqala ngokuthi XVII- ekuqaleni XVIII leminyaka, lapho waqala ibhizinisi yangasese;

3) kwenkathi "ukuthatha-off ', lapho kwezimboni iqala (emazweni ahlukahlukene usufinyelele isikhathi, ngezikhathi ezehlukene, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII ku-50-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka);

4) kwenkathi "ukuvuthwa," noma ekupheleni kwezimboni;

5) ngenkathi ezikhiqizelwa nenhlalakahle, okuyinto kubhekwa isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu, safinyelela e-United States. Kumelwe ukwakha umphakathi okuyinto uzokubusa ezihlakaniphile nezindinganiso zomkhaya.

Rostow babekholelwa ukuthi injini intuthuko kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa isayensi nobuchwepheshe, nezinxushunxushu yezenhlalakahle nokuvukela - is "ezikhulayo izinhlungu 'kuhlotshaniswa ezingeni eliphansi ekukhuleni komphakathi. Noma kunjalo, mayelana Russia, wabhala ukuthi ngemva Okthoba Revolution izwe liye langena isigaba ovuthiwe, futhi kancane kancane lithuthuka ezingeni zezimboni kosozimali umphakathi, ngoba umphakathi zezimboni ngokushesha noma kamuva abe imodeli sokuthuthukiswa yiliphi izwe. Iqiniso lokuthi logic kwezimboni akuhileli izici zenhlalo ukuthi babe nezici ezifanayo.

Rostow mbono izici ezithile umphakathi zezimboni. Okokuqala, kuba khona imishini emikhulu, ebheka ukuthuthukiswa lonke umnotho. Khona-ke, kukhona ukukhiqizwa ebanzi ezidayiswayo ezifana ithelevishini, izimoto, izinto zasendlini nokunye. Isici esilandelayo inguquko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, okuholela emisha ekukhiqizeni nokuphatha, kanye ezingeni eliphezulu yokuphila yasedolobheni futhi ukutholakala a stratum ezibanzi lwabaphathi-abaphathi. Lokhu, eshintsha isakhiwo somphakathi umphakathi zezimboni uqobo.

Izimpawu yalezi zinguquko:

- engaphelele yomzabalazo wezigaba (esiqhutshwa kohlaka okhethweni, kusho inyunyana umsebenzi kanye lenzuzo)

- izinhlobo zokuziphatha futhi zokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu,

- ukuhleleka acabange jikelele.

umphakathi zezimboni nomqondo nomthelela ukubukeka imibono enjalo esihlala emphakathini njengenja yokuzingela imfundiso yokuziphendukela Kuhlangana, deideologization, umphakathi mass namasiko mass.