Ithiyori kaMarx

Marx, isiJalimane isibalo somphakathi futhi sazi ekhulwini le-19, bakha imibono yezombangazwe abangu kamuva ukuthonywa sphere eziningi zokuphila emphakathini. Uzakwabo kwaba Engels. ithiyori kaMarx kwaba yisisekelo umsebenzi Russian Lenin wamavukelambuso.

Umqondo wagxilisa yokusondela emphakathini njengesakhamuzi esihlelekile olulodwa social ohlelweni. Ngesikhathi umphakathi esifanayo ukuhlaziywa wawenziwa ne isikhundla lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo. ithiyori kaMarx lalibonisa iqiniso ukuthi zonke izenzakalo zezombusazwe azisekelwe kwengqondo yomuntu, futhi ukuba abantu. Imbangela oyinhloko kanye juqu isisusa amandla umlando imicimbi abalandeli izimfundiso amelwe ekushintsheni izindlela zokukhiqiza.

ithiyori kwezomnotho kaMarx anikeza ugqozi ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa okwalandela isigaba imibono yezombusazwe. Kwavulwa ikilasi ethile "etholakala" kusukela umphakathi zezimboni isakhiwo. Kule ndaba, ukuphikiswa yabo uqobo ezombusazwe.

inkululeko yezombangazwe ngomuntu, ngalolo ngombono, ukuthi limelela imfundiso yokuziphendukela kaMarx, wazibona njengoba inkululeko ekucindezelweni ithuba lokuzimbandakanya empilweni zezombangazwe zomphakathi. Abalandeli imibono kubhekwe inqubomgomo "ndaba ezigidi," ekhuluma ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu banikezwa ithuba ukuzivocavoca imibono yabo kanye nokuqalisa intando yakhe. Nokho, indima esemqoka kukhala by isigaba sabasebenzi. Lokhu ungqimba kwezenhlalo, ebugqilini kwejoka onxiwankulu ngokwayo, khulula kuye bonke abantu. Ngakho, isimo sokuthuthukisa mahhala ngamunye.

Inkinga kokulingana zezombangazwe nezenhlalo kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kaMarx futhi ephatha isikhundla ekilasini. Phakathi bexhashazwa kanye nokuxhaphaza kokulingana hhayi kungaba. Isici esiyinhloko itshe esivivaneni impumelelo yayo, ekuthatheni abasebenzi wezombangazwe. Kulokhu, inkinga ixhazululiwe phezu ukulingana zezombangazwe nezenhlalo abantukazana, isigaba sabasebenzi nezihlakaniphi.

ithiyori kaMarx ophethe udaba ezinkulu zezombangazwe umbuzo amandla, ikakhulu isimo. Ukuba khona igunya isimo evumela labo noma ezinye mandla athinta yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi, abathi ngaleyo ndlela umbuso wakhona.

Imfundiso kaMarx imali uma sicabanga ngeqhaza elibanjwa igolide njengoba ayewumnotho uhlobo olukhethekile. Igolide, esaziwa lezimpahla zalo imvelo sinenai nokusetshenziswa value. Lesi sakamuva liqukethe iqiniso ukuthi isetshenziselwa ezimbonini. Intengo yegolide kunqunywa njengoba isilinganiso zomsebenzi yezenhlalakahle esichithwa ukukhiqizwa yayo. Ukuthatha phezu nemisebenzi imali, negolide nalezi izakhiwo ezikhethekile. Ngakho, ukubaluleka ukusetshenziswa uqala ukukhuluma ifomu jikelele, esizibonakalisa ngokusebenzisa intengo nezinye izimpahla. zabasebenzi Ukhonkolo, mina siboshwa imali, kungenzeka ithathwa njengendlela inkulumo jikelele bokusebenza komuntu abstract.

Ezezimali kubhekwe ezimele, ozibuse exchange value. Ukuthuthukisa lezimpahla kwegazi Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe imali imisebenzi emisha, tinhlobo letinsha imali ngokwabo. Okuphambili enqubeni inzuzo umsebenzi (yokukhokha, umcebo, impatho luhlobo, esilinganisweni izindleko, njll) akha uhlobo esiteji kwetinhlavu yokuzizwa ingelutho.

Through yonke imfundiso yokuziphendukela Marxism kuyinto umqondo ekilasini futhi izithakazelo zezombusazwe. Zibonisa konke kungaba nomthelela eqinisa isikhundla esisodwa noma esinye isihloko (isizwe, iqembu, isigaba) emphakathini. Esikhathini sphere zezombusazwe, okumqoka unamathele eqinisweni isihloko nokuqaphela izinzuzo zabo zezombangazwe, kanye lokubona izithakazelo abanye abahlanganyeli kweqiniso.