Banomkhuba - kulesi siqondiso esiseZwini isiko eYurophu ngo 16-17 eminyaka

Banomkhuba - lokhu ukunyakaza kwezobuciko endaweni nasemazweni amaningana aseYurophu ekhulwini 16-17. Lokhu kuthambekela kwavela ngasekupheleni Renaissance, futhi abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwaba yokusabela kuya inombolo lezihlakaniphi kokuntengantenga esikhathini Renaissance.

izici Jikelele kwenkathi

Banomkhuba - isigaba ushintsho kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi ezikhathini zakuqala yesimanje. Kwakuyisikhathi eyishumi nzima kakhulu emlandweni emazweni Western Europe. Phela, uma kwakukhona kumiswa izinhlelo ezintsha setepolitiki, kwezomnotho. Konke lokhu kwakubangelwa ukuziphatha impi ebanzi, okwakuhilela imifelandawonye bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa ngisho amabhlogo yonke uthi. Ngaphakathi, amazwe amaningana kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu ezihlobene ne kwathatha uhlelo zama-Capitalist.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi ofundile saleso sikhathi ikakhulukazi ishaqekile ngalokhu ukuxoshwa njengombusi waseRoma ngo-1527. Konke lokhu izinguquko asithinti sengqondo imibuthano abafundile. Banomkhuba - uhlobo yokusabela kuya crisis kwezifiso neyobuntu eziqhakambisa indoda futhi khona kwakhe. Ngakho-ke, abadwebi abaningi, Okugweda futhi abaklami baye baphendukela imfuno entsha emsebenzini wakhe.

Izici izinkomba

isitayela okusha yavela e-Italy bese lasakazekela emazweni amaningana aseYurophu. Okokuqala izimiso aso eqala ukwehlukana abaculi kusukela baseFrance naseNetherlands. Ngenxa yalesi endaweni libhekene izici ezilandelayo: i-unesifiso sokudlulisela nokuvumelana umumo wangaphandle nangokomoya, ukunwebeka futhi ukunwebeka imigqa, ukungezwani siyingozi. Loku kuhlukile bezibona obunobunye ekuvuselelweni abaculi ababefuna ukuwudlulisela nokuzola ngemisebenzi yakhe, futhi ikakhulukazi ukunakekelwa amafomu proportionality e kwengoma.

Ngo ebaziwe, inkosi waqala ukukhokha ukunakekela okukhethekile plasticity nangobuciko. Umklamo yaphawula yokuntuleka nobunye amafomu sici inkathi edlule.

Ngo imidwebo

School of Painting e-Italy, waba umsunguli we ohlangothini olusha. It yanda kulo ezifana Florence, Mantua. I ovelele kakhulu ilungu lawo Vasari, Giulio Romano abanye. Ukuze abaculi, imidwebo kulendawo elinesimo Ukwakheka sinzima, ukuminyana wasenganekwaneni, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile, ezinemibala egqamile. Izihloko babe ahlukahlukene, kodwa omunye ukuphikiswa main kwaba uthando uthando esabasezulwini nesabasemhlabeni. Spiritualism babevamile imisebenzi eminingi abadwebi.

esikoleni sayo yokudweba ithuthukiswe eFrance (Fontainebleau). abadwebi abaningi Dutch walingisa abalobi Italy. Kule ndawo kukhona khona isithakazelo ngivuselele portrait chivalrous netingcikitsi ephakathi.

Ukuqopha kanye nezakhiwo

Banomkhuba bokwakha futhi lithole ukuthuthukiswa okubanzi. Ukuze izakhiwo kule isitayela libhekene ukuhlukumeza enkulu futhi imigqa mbumbulu. Architects wafuna ukuba zivuse umuzwa ukukhathazeka umbukeli ukuthi lo mkhuba inkathi sobala, okungukuthi inhlekelele Renaissance amagugu kanye nokulahlekelwa umuzwa ngobunye nangokuthula. Esinye isibonelo izakhiwo kule isitayela Laurentian Library e Florence (kumbhali - Michelangelo). Lesi sitayela olufanayo anezinhlaka endaweni Mantua, kanye Loggia ekwakheni igalari ku Uffizi.

Banomkhuba - isigaba zesikhashana phakathi Renaissance futhi Baroque. Ngo ebaziwe, sabona inqaba lomkhuba efanayo bokwakha nokudweba. Omele evelele kunazo zonke kuyinto B. Cellini. Umsebenzi wakhe libhekene obugagu nehaba futhi intuthuko, ngisho pretentiousness ezithile bobunjwa nemibala.

Beka isiko

Banomkhuba - lokhu kuyinto esigabeni emlandweni yobuciko. Abacwaningi abaningi bheka it njengoba nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula Rococo futhi ekuqaleni kuka Baroque. Yiqiniso, izakhi eziningi lo mkhuba abathintekayo inkambo okwalandela. Baroque, isib, bathatha ngodlí i kusuka kule isiqondiso amafomu ezintekenteke, eyinkimbinkimbi Ukwakheka Rococo - obugagu kanye ngendlela ngomusa kwezithombe. Ngokuvamile, banomkhuba e zobuciko, naphezu zonke izici ezingenhla of amasu - sekwadlula ngempela ezibanzi okuxekethile.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngemisebenzi Renaissance abaculi ngazilandela ngokunembile izici lesi sitayela. Rafael ingenye ezimbalwa zokuqala basuka ifomu kokujwayelekile classicism futhi banikeza izibalo yakhe ukunwebeka. Esikhathini imidwebo uLeonardo da Vinci, zikhona ezinye izici ezibikezela banomkhuba: wagcizelela yinkimbinkimbi ezinye izithombe kanye Finesse ekhethekile, ingokomoya.

umphumela

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Renaissance futhi banomkhuba abahlakazekile sokunquma isimiso sendalo kwezobuciko. Phela, Umkhuba omusha ubonakele nje lapho amafomu zakudala Yenguquko namanje kubhekwa umuntu oyisibonelo. Kodwa ngisho mnandi Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi banomkhuba yayidumile kakhulu ekhulwini lama-20. Kukhona ngisho nombono wokuthi "neomanerizm", okuyinto elivame ukuqondwa ngayo njengoba ukulingiswa abaculi ezinye Contemporary ukuthi isiqondiso. Kukhona umbono wokuthi lo mkhuba abathintekayo ubuciko ezifuywayo inkathi Isiliva Age. Izizathu zalokhu ithonya okutholakala yokuthi banomkhuba kwaba esiteji zesikhashana phakathi Renaissance futhi Baroque. He is eclectic ngokwemvelo, ngakho ngandlela-thile jikelele. Namuhla banomkhuba nesithakazelo izinhlobo engavamile futhi ezihlotshisiwe, okwakhe yokusondela, kanye search asebenzayo imibala.