Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Biography, izithombe, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ingenye Okugweda esikhulu kunazo zonke classicism isiRashiya, umsebenzi wabo benamandla benemibono engcono we Ukukhanyiselwa, emotionality elikhanyayo nobuntu eziphakeme. Ngokusho bemisebenzi yobuciko ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, ngamunye imisebenzi yakhe, "lembula okuningi umcabango, imizwa, look wokuqala inkosi isandla umlobi."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - umbazi, kuzo zonke abaculi Russian owayehlala, mhlawumbe, emfushane, kodwa futhi impilo brilliant kakhulu. Okunabileko ungumdali wabangela izinganekwane lasendulo nezinhlamvu yomlando Russian. Kuzo, wathola izimiso ophila ibalulekile hhayi kuphela ngabantu aphila nabo, kodwa futhi ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: Biography

Ngokuzayo umqophi abadumile owazalwa ngo 1753 emndenini trumpeter okwakuyinani lemikhumbi yempi, omunye nedlelo Petersburg ulwandle. Lapha afike achitha khona iminyaka zakhe zasebuntwaneni.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nanye (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich phakade Nihlukanisiwe ekhaya nabazali lanxusa Isibalo sabafundi bajoyine Petersburg Academy of Arts. Ngalesi sikhathi zobuciko European - ebaziwe, ubungcweti, imidwebo - wavuthwa futhi classicism kancane kancane. Omele bhá lokhu sekwandile art kwaba abavelele umqophi Russian Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

Umlando ezimfushane umqophi:

• .: 1773 iziqu Academy nge uzothatha indondo yegolide;
• . 1774-1778 GG: uhlala eRoma njengenhlangano eyibhoda bezemfundo;
• 1780:. EMarseilles Academy of Arts ukhishwa kuye isihloko academician;
• . 1784-1785 GG: wabulawelwa kwesithombe zemabula of uCatherine II ngesimo unkulunkulukazi ukuhlakanipha lasendulo, Minerva iye kuyanda nokubonwa ababephila ngesikhathi (the komculo nje ebamba isisu zemfundo yenkosi enhle - a lesishaya kwabahlakaniphile wasemuva we lawobaba);
• ekuqaleni 1788 waphinde wathumela phesheya (Paris) ukufunda;
• . 1790: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ebuyela ekhaya, kudala ukubaza umjikelezo enhle;
• e 1796-m yakha i uchungechunge olubanzi imidwebo sculptural ku isihloko iThrojani neMpi, lonke lesi sikhathi kugcwele ucinge monumentality, izici ezintsha, okuyinto eyaba kwenye yezingxenye ukuze aqhube umsebenzi umdwebi sika;
• esikhathini kusuka 1799 kuya 1801 basebenza A. lesikhumbuzo umkhuzi V Suvorovu, yena uyakhazinyuliswa ukunqoba Russian ibutho yamuva emkhankasweni Italian;
• Ngo 1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich e bokuphila nabanekhono ngokuzumayo uyafa.

Ubebekwe wangcwatshwa emathuneni Smolensk Orthodox. Ngo-1931, ngaphambi kokuba singcwatshwe ihanjiswe Alexander saseNevsky Lavra phezu Lazarevskoye emathuneni

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: ebaziwe

Imisebenzi yakhe - imifanekiso staturnaya plastic, ebaziwe omkhulu futhi tombstones - igcwele ngemizwa ejulile nobuntu sublime.

Ngo isitayela imisebenzi yakhe kubathinte aesthetics French ebaziwe XIVIII leminyaka. Kule midlalo, aziwayo kakhulu: A. lesikhumbuzo V Suvorovu Petersburg, esifanekisweni "USamsoni edwengula emlonyeni wengonyama" (kuhlobisa manje omunye ePeterhof imithombo), "Ihlezi Girl" (Winter Palace) kanye "Hymen", wadala ngesikhathi umshado uConstantine Pavlovich (njengoba manje Sasebusika), sibalo indoda, wenza isifundo of komzimba womuntu.

Famous for yayo bas-imifanekiso: "Ukubuya Regulus ukuba eCarthage," "Camille, ekupholiseni eRoma kusuka Gauls" (etholakala Petersburg, in the Palace Marble), "Ekilasini we abangenacala", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury kanye Nymph", " Apollo "(atholakala Museum of Alexander III).

ekuqaleni

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka yokuqala lokusungula isihloko imisebenzi umqophi isihloko zomphakathi ubuhle, isibindi, ukuzidela futhi siqine.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich Amaqhawe imifanekiso yabo kwenza izinhlamvu avelele emlandweni eRoma lasendulo, lapho e igama wobaba nabahle ezivamile zabantu zizinikele. Okunjalo emsebenzini wakhe "Regula yokuvalelisa nge izakhamuzi eRoma" (1780) kanye "Camille aqede galling waseRoma" (1781).

Hill nesithombe sikubeke, ukuzwakala ukwakheka, ukuhlela kusesengaphambili ngokucacile imigqa kanye namafomu - izici ezimenza ahluke umsebenzi lapho Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich wasebenza enkathini yokuqala lokusungula. Ukuqopha kahle kuvumelana sesakhiwo esikhulu isakhiwo, elakhiwa ngo isitayela classicism ekuseni.

Harmony ebaziwe kanye izakhiwo

umphakathi obunobunye ikakhulukazi ubuciko ezimbili - ebaziwe kanye izakhiwo - ebonakaliswa usimende imifanekiso wadala iHholo Concert e le Catherine Park (Tsarskoye Selo). Umbhali inkundla, eyenziwe isitayela classicism avuthiwe, kuyinto George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Imifanekiso ukwabelana ngento eyodwa - umculo. Orpheus ukudlala olunezintambo tames izilwane zasendle; Apollo, ukudlala umculo, ojabulela nendlebe Ceres; Muse Art umbukiso izimfanelo - iziza enjalo, okuyinto alalelwa Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich. The Wizard (imifanekiso ekuseni) kuhluke Rhythmic isakhiwo equilibrated Ukwakheka wabuka bushelelezi futhi esinesithunzi Ubukhosi izithombe. Zonke lezi zici ukutlama of inkundla umoya zomculo esiyingqayizivele.

Statue uCatherine II

ISITHOMBE enkulu Umbusikazi uCatherine II ngesimo unkulunkulukazi ukuhlakanipha lasendulo, Minerva (Rome sidilizwa) owenziwa umqophi esikhathini kusuka 1784 kuya 1785. UMbusikazi ligubuzelwe isiphuku lasendulo futhi lwaluba isigqoko (unkulunkulukazi izimfanelo). Thishela utawukhombisa ngesandla esisodwa elele ngasezinyaweni zakhe le Trophies ezazifanekisela ukunqoba esizuzwe ngamanga ke. Enye Empress uphethe into umqulu uyishicilele "inhlalakahle imithetho izikhonzi zakhe '. Ngakho emelela nomqondo wabo wokuthi le nkosi ephelele - a lesishaya kwabahlakaniphile wasemuva we lawobaba - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu okuyinto ingabonisa ababaze ukuvelela imibono ukuKhanyiselwa.

"Vigil Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Marble esifanekisweni, eyenziwe 1780s, has a allegory eziyinkimbinkimbi semantic. Isithombe hero ekhazimulayo endala futhi wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo sokuthethelelwa umqophi Ihlanganisa izimiso imfundo - imfundo ukuphishekela ulwazi futhi intando ubulukhuni.

Plastic isixazululo Ukwakheka kanye eziqoshiwe akhipha umoya ngobukhulu onokuthula lula zasebukhosini. UMdwebo kobukhulu ezahlukene kanye proportionality, esisheshayo bushelelezi womumo wabuka.

umzimba wale nsizwa njengoba kuba stupor bayozela, imisipha yakhe efana "ucime" lekhethelo zemabula ikhava Frosted, ikhanda lakhe uhlezi esandleni sakhe beseyama edolweni. Kodwa ubuze besimo lesi umuzwa ecashile enokuthula ...

imidwebo

Ngo ezihlukahlukene imidwebo esekhona, amaningi awo imidwebo ukulungiselela izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu esizayo, kuyofikwa uxhumano yabo okugxilwe kukho ye-master - in the ezahlukene netihloko netingcikitsi (izinganekwane, iBhayibheli, iVangeli), e indlela kwezobuciko Inkulumo imibono.

Kodwa eziningi imidwebo Kozlowski kungase kahle kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele ezimele, ephelele imisebenzi ingcaca. Phakathi kwabo zidalwe ku m 1792 "Ukufa uHippolytus" futhi "Theseus eshiya Ariadne." Abagxeki baveza drama futhi ufake umfutho owengeziwe ngokomzwelo, okuyinto "ukuphefumula" misebenzi.

"Polycrates"

Inkathi esukela 1788 kuze 1790, lo umqophi lokuqala futhi, eParis, lapho waya bathole ulwazi olusha futhi nakho. Ngenxa yalokho ekucucuzeni okukhulu yokuvela okubangelwa izenzakalo inguquko, ukwenza phambi kwakhe, wazalwa ugqozi olusha, izingqikithi ezintsha bese izifundo.

Revolutionary Paris umqophi kwaphoqa umbono ukwenza indaba emlandweni Greece Polycrates lasendulo ukufa Samos engumashiqela. Legend of the umqophi Polycrates wakhonza njengesisekelo ukudalwa uhlobo Ukusabela ngendlela engokomfanekiso ukuze izenzakalo wesimanje. Leli phephandaba zazibonisa isifiso umdwebi sika ekucebiseni ulimi olungokomfanekiso yobuciko. Kwenze kuhlaba umxhwele ngisho nakakhulu. Ngo ebaziwe sakhe, "Polycrates" umbukeli idluliselwa ukoma abanothando inkululeko, ukuhlupheka futhi umuzwa okubuhlungu sembubhiso iqhawe.

samuntu ukuze lihlale lihlanzekile ngokomoya

Ngo 1792-m omunye umsebenzi eziphawuleka kakhulu seliqediwe - isithombe elihle "Sleeping Cupid" (zemabula). Umbhali kudala ngendlela emangalisayo enhle nobunye.

sabafowabo kwemizwelo owadalwa kwesithombe elincane "psyche" (zemabula, 1801) image, kulethe ubumsulwa ngokomoya, lo ISIFISO ka unalloyed, ebuntwaneni bajabule.

"USamsoni edwengula emlonyeni wengonyama"

Entwasahlobo ka-1800 okungcono Russian amakhosi kwalethwa ubuyekeze Big ePeterhof wendlale. Umsebenzi wenziwa eminyakeni eyisithupha eyedlule.

Indawo eyinhloko uhlelo wathatha iqembu wadala Kozlovsky - "USamsoni edwengula emlonyeni wengonyama." Ngaphakathi dalo of nombhali ebaziwe yasetshenziselwa umsuka emuva esikhathini sikaPeter allegory lapho uSamsoni waseBhayibhelini kwahlonzwa ne St Sampson, ngubani ekhulwini le-18 ayebhekwa ongumvikeli Russia. Ngo 1709, e ekugubheni inkumbulo yakhe (Juni 27), Russian nokunqoba okukhazimulayo kwaba nekazuzelwa abaseSweden ku edumile Battle of Poltava. Ngo ubuciko uPetru mina, uSamsoni wayephakathi samuntu the onqobayo ingonyama Russian futhi (isithombe ephakathi ye ijazi IsiSwidi izingalo) amela wanqoba inkosi Swedish.

Esikhathini ukubaza grand ukuboniswa lisebenza kodwa izibambe ukunyakaza komzimba amaqhawe kaSamsoni. Ukuvula endaweni in a Kuvunguza, watsheka umzimba ukuze titanic imisipha esishubile kuyabonakala, ngokucijile aqhele unyawo nekhanda lakhe ekhotheme, hero izandla zombili edwengula emlonyeni wengonyama.

Abacwaningi kufanele waveza ukusondela ukuba ebaziwe yobuciko kaMichelangelo. Kodwa iqembu ngemibono futhi eziqanjiwe okuqukethwe, ngomuzwa ojulile yokushisekela izwe, okuyinto owawusekelwe umsebenzi wakhe Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (isithombe ebaziwe kuwubufakazi ukuthi), umbukeli onozwelo echo okuhluke kakhulu - lwendabuko ekhuluma Russian ngokumthanda enkulu yomlando ezifuywayo inhliziyo - amasiko.

Izihloko umlando Russian

Izihloko yomlando kazwelonke kukhona lapho uya khona esithakazelisa kakhulu imisebenzi umqophi. Engxenyeni ye 1790s yesibili edala isithombe 'Prince uJakobe Dolgoruky Ukubhidliza isimemezelo sasebukhosini esithinta "futhi" Hercules ngehhashi. " Iningi ukuzinikela ngokugcwele ukudala isithombe isibindi okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi izikhulu ezingokomoya ezalethwa lo umqophi e lesikhumbuzo yakhe umkhuzi A. V Suvorovu (Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Esaphila lokunqoba lesikhumbuzo

isithombe esingokomfanekiso, ngokomfanekiso ekhazimulisa Russia nase umkhuzi walo omkhulu - ngakho wakhulelwa Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich lesikhumbuzo ukuze Suvorov.

Umsebenzi waqala ngesikhathi ukuphila hero. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-ayisikhombisa Generalissimo wenza umhlaba wonke ihlombe esingafani nalutho emlandweni yoguquko nobuqhawe yebutho Russian phezu Alps. Ngo-63 izimpi ngesiRashiya kwakungelona ukunqotshwa olulodwa, isitha 619 amabhanela zishaqwe yi victors. uhambo Famous Italian kuyoba wezempi Russian nabanekhono amasu Aleksandra Suvorova elingabuniyo enkazimulweni.

Umsebenzi we-umqophi Kozlovsky kwaba ukudala lesikhumbuzo esaphila lokunqoba. Oda moya sihloko: ningenzi impilo ende nobuqhawe umlawuli omkhulu, hhayi okwakhe yesithombe sakhe sengqondo, kodwa kuphela nezigigaba emkhankasweni Italian kwadingeka ziboniswe esifanekisweni.

Portrait amalimi allegory

Futhi umqophi wabuye waphendukela ulimi kuwumfuziselo. Khanyisa sibalo esincane kwi round isinyathelo - abasha iqhawe nesibindi zempi, egcwele amandla begijima phambili. Lena isithombe unkulunkulu wamaRoma impi Mars. I isenzo esandleni sokunene, ubambe inkemba ehoshelwe Uzimisele okungavamile. Ngamandla kulahliwe ingubo emuva. Beautiful ubuso eyindoda, ngeqholo aphakamise ikhanda lakhe njengasekuqaleni, ukuzethemba usexwayise nangentando enqoba, masterfully idluliselwe sibalo - lesi sithombe ephelele yengxoxo adalwe unkulunkulu umqophi empi.

Wakhe iqhawe isihlangu nesembozo ukukhwezwa ngemva kwaso altare kukhona Sardinian futhi Neapolitan umqhele futhi tiara likapapa. Incazelo yalokho lesi sithombe ukuthi izikhali Russian ngaphansi kokuqondisa umkhankaso Suvorov sika-Italian ukuvikela izithakazelo mazwe amathathu emelelwa.

Ngesikhathi i-altare nxazonke elise izibalo zesifazane efanekisela engcono izimfanelo womuntu: bathemba, ukholo nothando.

On the front ohlangothini isinyathelo kukhona isithombe sawela laurel entendeni amagatsha - uphawu Commonwealth ubuhlakani impi nokuthula.

Hero Isihlangu uncika Trophies impi - umongo, isibhamu amabhanela. Nothango oluzungeze lesikhumbuzo ixhunyiwe ngamaketanga eziqhumayo amabhomu.

incazelo engokomfanekiso okutholakala yonke imininingwane esifanekisweni. Futhi umbhalo isinyathelo: "iSikhulu Italy, Bala Suvorov Rymniksky" elikushoyo owaklama lesikhumbuzo.

High iqiniso yangaphakathi

I Kozlowski iphepha ngalokwanele lubonakale kuphela portrait wafana edala engokomfanekiso isithombe ephelele yengxoxo ye othandekayo Folk iqhawe.

Olinganise side of ubuso, amehlo ejulile isethi, nekhala elikhulu kanye nesigaba ejwayelekile senile, kancane lushone umlomo zethusi unkulunkulu ababephila ngesikhathi impi neyaziwayo izici jikelele omkhulu.

Zifana asicacile kakhulu futhi ezikude, Ingaphandle Portrait ukunemba kusobala ayihambi phambili wayengu- mdali ebaziwe. Wazidela nokwethenjelwa portrait, wabapha intando obungantengantengi amandla enqobayo ka Suvorov. Kozlowski ulimi allegory - e ukufanisa god of war - nesithombe ephelele yengxoxo amaqhawe umlawuli omkhulu Russian iminyaka eminingi. Futhi kule - okusezingeni eliphezulu iqiniso kwangaphakathi yomsebenzi wakhe.