Putsch ka 1991: Izimbangela Nemiphumela

Kukhona umlando isimo Russian omunye unyaka, okungase ngokuthi izinguquko. Lapho isimo esibucayi ezweni isidluliselwe umkhawulo, kuyilapho uMikhail Gorbachev wayengasakwazi ukusebenza, ngisho imvelo lesi sabizwana, futhi wazikhandla ukuze ukuxazulula isimo kuleli zwe ngenkani, futhi abantu wakhetha bani ukunikeza uzwela zabo, kwaba khona ukuvukela uMbuso ngo-1991.

Abaholi endala isimo

Abaholi abaningi we CPSU, awasalayo izinikele ukuphathwa ngoludala, uyazi ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa ukuhlelwa kabusha kancane kancane kuholela ukulahlekelwa amandla abo, kodwa zisatholakala uqine ngokwanele ukuvimbela kabusha emakethe komnotho Russian. Ngale ndlela ezama ukuvimba tetemnotfo.

Noma kunjalo, laba baholi kwakungafanele onegunya ngakho, ukuthi izindlela lokukholisa kuphazamise ukunyakaza yeningi. Ngakho indlela kuphela kulesi simo, okuyinto kubo zibonakala okungenzeka kakhulu - isimo wamemezela eziphuthumayo. Akekho besingalindele ukuthi, ngokuqondene nazo kulezi zenzakalo uqale 1991 Icebo lika.

Isikhundla kuyadida ka Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva, noma ukususwa kusukela ubuholi

Abanye abaholi olandelanayo ngisho wazama acindezele uMikhail Gorbachev, okwadingeka ukuba ukushayela phakathi kobuholi ubudala futhi abameleli zamabutho yeningi ezazisemizini imvelo yakhe ngokushesha. It Yakovlev futhi Shevardnadze. Lesi sikhundla engazinzile Mihaila Sergeevicha Gorbacheva kwaholela ekubeni neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela kancane kancane ukwesekwa bobabili. Ngokushesha cindezela waqala ukungena ulwazi mayelana Icebo lika ezizayo.

Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-July, uMikhail Gorbachev yayilungiselela inkontileka, ngokuthi "Novo-Ogarevo", ngawo wayehamba ukuvimbela ngokuwa kweSoviet Union. Wayefuna ukuyobopha amakholwa uthumele ngobuningi kwamandla e-Federal Republic. Julayi 29 kwakukhona umhlangano Gorbachev Nursultan Nazarbayev futhi Borisom Eltsinym. It idingidwa ingxenye enkulu yesivumelwano, kanye ukufuduka oluzayo kusukela ezikhundleni zawo zabaholi abaningi olandelanayo. Futhi yabe seyaziwa i-KGB. Ngakho, uma kwenzeka is ziyasondela nesikhathi lapho umlando isimo Russian seyaziwa ngokuthi "the putsch Agasti ngo-1991".

I bakhi futhi nezidingo zabo angeke

Ngokwemvelo, ubuholi Communist Party ekhathalela ngesinqumo Mikhail Sergeyevich. Futhi ngesikhathi iholidi lakhe unqume ukukhipha isimo nokusetshenziswa ngempoqo. Ngo uhlobo uzungu ubuntu abaningi abadumile iqhaza. Lokhu uVladimir Kryuchkov, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba usihlalo we-KGB, Gennadiy Ivanovich Yanaev, Dmitriy Timofeevich Yazov, Valentin Sergeevich Pavlov, uBoris Karlovich Pugo, nabanye abaningi, owayehlela 1991 Icebo lika.

Putsch Agasti 18 ethunyelwe Mikhail Sergeyevich, ngubani eseholidini eCrimea, iqembu emelela izithakazelo bakhi. Futhi yambekela izimfuno zabo: ukumemezela isimo esiphuthumayo. Kodwa lapho uMikhail Gorbachev wenqaba, azungeza sokuhlala kwakhe nginqume tonkhe tinhlobo tekuchumana.

Uhulumeni wesikhashana, noma okulindelekile hhayi wahlangana

Ekuseni ngovivi ngo-August 19 e inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, izimoto mayelana 800 armored, ephelezelwa ibutho lamadoda ayizinkulungwane ezine yethulwa. Kuzo zonke abezindaba kumemezela abezindaba ukuthi wadala iKomiti eziphuthumayo State, nokuthi wathatha phezu yonke imibuso okubusa izwe. Ngalolu suku, abantu uvuka, vula i-TV amathelevishini abo, yodwa bheka Ukusabalala engapheli we-ballet ezidumile okuthiwa "Swan Lake." Lokhu kwaba ekuseni ngo-August 1991 Icebo lika.

Abantu obhekene Uzungu, wagomela ngokuthi Mihail Sergeevich Gorbachev ubangwa nezibi futhi asikwazi ukusebenzisa isimo, ngakho-ke amandla alo wadlulela Yanayev, owayeneminyaka iphini likamengameli. Bathemba ukuthi abantu kakade ukhathele kabusha kuyoba ohlangothini uhulumeni omusha, kodwa kuqale umhlangano nabezindaba ihlelwe kubo, lapho kwenziwa Gennady Yanayev, akenzanga umbono ofanele.

Yeltsin nabasekeli bakhe

Waqala 1991 Icebo lika uhlulekile putsch abagqugquzeli. Abantu abazange bathathe uhlangothi lwawo. Abaningi babekholelwa izenzo zabo okungekho emthethweni. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi ngo-August 19 emhlanganweni, owawusedolobheni ngaphandle White House, Yeltsin nesitjhaba. Wamemezela ukuthi isimo kuleli zwe futhi lokhu kwaphumela ekwaziweni umbuso-1991 - kuyinto ukuvukela uMbuso.

Photo of Boris Yeltsin, wenza ngesikhathi ekhuluma phambi kwabantu, eziye zanyatheliswa amaphephandaba amaningi, ngisho emazweni asentshonalanga. Boris Yeltsin kwaba umbono ngokusho kwezikhulu abaningana ababehlangene esisekeliwe isikhundla sakhe.

Putsch 1991. Kafushane ngezenzakalo ezenzeka ngo-August 20 eMoscow

Inani elikhulu of Muscovites abhikisha emigwaqweni ngo-August 20. Bonke ziyadingeka ukuncibilikisa Icebo lika. White House, lapho eseneminyaka Boris nabasekeli bakhe ahaqa abavikeli (noma, njengoba ukuyibiza, nimelana Icebo lika). Bakha ngothango kanye sazungeza engasafuni ukubuyela oludala.

Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Muscovites eziningi kangaka, futhi cishe wonke umbala nezazi. Ngisho edumile Mstislav Rostropovich ngokukhethekile elethwa kusuka e-United States ukuze asekele akubo. I putsch ka Agasti, 1991, izimbangela zazo - ukwenqena lobuholi olandelanayo ukuze bayidele ngokuzithandela amandla azo, basisiza kakhulu isibalo esikhulu sabantu. Amazwe amaningi ukusekela labo bavikela White House. Futhi izenzakalo ukusakaza phesheya bonke abasakazi ehola.

Ukuhluleka ugobe, kuze kubuye uMengameli

Kuboniswa enjalo yokungalaleli mass iye yabangela isinqumo Icebo lika ukuba ahlasele kwakhiwe iWhite House babelwa lesithathu ekuseni. Lo mcimbi esibi kwaholela yisisulu ezingaphezu kweyodwa. Kodwa bebonke, Icebo lika kuhlulekile. Okuvamile, amasosha, ngisho iningi fighters "Alpha" enqaba ukungenela nomlilo ku abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Laba baboshwa bakhi, kanye Umengameli wabuyela ngokuphila inhlokodolobha ngokuyeka isikhokhelo yonke imiyalo we Icebo lika nakanjani. Ngakho ngo-1991 yaphela ngo-Agasti kombuso, le

Kodwa kulezi zinsuku kakhulu washintsha hhayi kuphela inhloko-dolobha kodwa futhi lonke lelo zwe. Lezi zenzakalo zenzeka ushintsho olukhulu emlandweni emazweni amaningi. ESoviet Union yaphela, i-namandla zombusazwe isimo baphinde bawahlanganise. Lapho nje lo 1991 kombuso, ngo-August 22 eMoscow imibuthano yayiqhutshelwa futhi, emelela ukunyakaza yeningi yezwe. Yibona bantu abathwele indwangu entsha Tri-umbala ifulege lesizwe. Boris kubuza izihlobo zabo bonke labo babulawa ngesikhathi ekuvimbezeleni ukuxolelwa White House, njengoba yehlulekile ukuze bavimbele lezi zimo nezehlakalo ezibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke sekukonke wahlala esimweni zemikhosi.

Izizathu ukwehluleka kombuso, futhi wokugoqa sokugcina uhulumeni wamaKhomanisi

Yaphela 1991 Icebo lika. Izizathu ezaholela ukuhluleka kwawo, kukhona sasivumela sobala. Okokuqala, abantu abaningi abahlala isimo isiRashiya, wayengasafuni ubuyele emuva esikhathini yokujama tsi. kakhulu wavezwa ukungabethembi leQembu LamaKhomanisi. Okunye izimbangela - lesi senzo isigamu ezithandayo we bakhi ngokwabo. Futhi, kunalokho, uvuka indlobane phezu ingxenye amabutho yeningi, okuyinto amelwa Boris Nikolaevich Eltsin, uye wathola ukwesekwa hhayi kuphela abangelwa yisisindo eziningi abantu isiRashiya, kodwa futhi emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

1991 Icebo lika akasenzanga nemiphumela ebuhlungu, kodwa futhi waletha izwe izinguquko ezinkulu. Uye wakwenza kwaba kungenakwenzeka ukulondoloza eSoviet Union, futhi ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwaleso amandla CPSU. Ngenxa Boris Nikolayevich ngemvume umthetho sokumisa ukusebenza ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ayekade ziyoncibilika zonke Komsomol namaKhomanisi izinhlangano kulo lonke izwe. A: 6 Novemba isinqumo olandelayo ngokuqondile wawuvala umsebenzi Communist Party.

Imiphumela edabukisayo le Icebo lika August

I bakhi, noma abamele iKomiti eziphuthumayo, kanye labo besekele izikhundla zabo, abangu ngokushesha abophe. Ezinye inombolo yabo ngesikhathi uphenyo wazibulala. 1991 putsch esabulala eziningana zabahlali abavamile abeza ukuvikela isakhiwo White House. Laba bantu banikwa isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Amagama abo phakade emlandweni isimo Russian. It Dmitry Komar, u-Ilya Krichevsky futhi uVladimir Usov - abameleli intsha eMoscow, ababemi indlela yokuhamba izimoto zempi.

Izigameko zalolo isikhathi wake seniliwelile inkathi yokubusa lamaKhomanisi ezweni. Ukuwa kweSoviet Union kucaca, kanye main uquqaba zomphakathi isekelwe ngokugcwele ukuma zamabutho yeningi. Okunjalo kuye kwaba nomthelela Icebo lika isimo iphutha. August 1991 elingangena ngokuphepha kubhekwa iphuzu lokuthi ngokucijile waphenduka Russian umlando wombuso i isiqondiso ehluke ngokuphelele. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi uMuammar ukuthi stvergnuta uquqaba, futhi choice of iningi kwaba ohlangothini intando yeningi kanye nenkululeko. Russia liye langena inkathi entsha yentuthuko.