Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo eMoscow abafundi. Umlando eMoscow: amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Banezingane abasesikoleni abahlala inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia, cishe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ebhekene ngesicelo ingane ukutshela amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana eMoscow. Ngokuvamile, le mibuzo wenze abadala bacabanga ukuthi bayasazi onjalo edolobheni elikhulu nge a umlando ocebile. Inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia iyamangalisa eziningi esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo enhle kanye nezinye ezikhangayo. Kunoma iyiphi indawo zomlando eMoscow kungenzeka ukutshela cishe usuku lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia kulo ukhona, sekube izinto eziningi ezibalulekile. Lesi sihloko libonisa ezinye amaqiniso ethakazelisayo eMoscow. Ukuze abafundi nezingane ezincane, lolu lwazi kuyoba usizo kakhulu futhi ekhangayo.

Lapho inhlokodolobha yesimanje Russia yasungulwa?

Kuze kube manje, ososayensi baye ayakhekanga ukuvumelana mayelana engu-Moscow. Ngokokuqala ngqá igama layo ivela Ipatiev Chronicle (1147). Ngokusho yetinsita eMoscow yasungulwa by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva lapho enezivikelo eziqinile kulo muzi ngokucela abantu ukwakha udonga lokhuni.

Kepha umsuka igama "Moscow", kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Ephakathi lapha ahlala izizwe hhayi kuphela lwamaSlav, kodwa futhi Finno-Ugric abantu. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuvela nesilulumagama yokugcina athathwa igama elithi "Mosquito", kusho okuthile omanzi viscous. Ososayensi ukuchaza umsuka igama lalowo muzi Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi endulo ensimini ka nedolobha elikhulu lesimanje isanda ixhaphozi encane.

Umlando yangenkathi ephakathi yokuphila kuka-Moscow: Managing

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia yasungulwa ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu XII. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwaba nezenzakalo eziningi kuyoba ezithakazelisayo ukwazi kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. Nokho, abazali, etshela izindaba enganeni yakho, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi amaqiniso ethakazelisayo eMoscow olunembile futhi kungase kutholakale ngokwesayensi.

Ngakho manje-ke ukuthi Red Square uvele ekhulwini xv ezaziwayo. umsuka wayo ehlangene esinqumweni Ivan III, ngubani akabavumelanga sokwakha yimuphi izakhiwo ezazakhelene ezibiyele ukuze kuvinjelwe imililo. Ngakho kuvele isikhala esingenalutho ohlangothini olusempumalanga ye izindonga. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekuqaleni kuba okuthiwa "umlilo." Ngaphambi ekhulwini XVII. uyakhile endaweni nxazonke ezine. Wabe atholwe ukubukeka kwalo yesimanje.

Ukukhuluma ezibiyele, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ekuqaleni yakhiwa ngamatshe amhlophe. Ukwakhiwa Dmitry Donskoy waqala kabusha ngaphansi Ivan III. Labe esakha udonga ngezingodo izitini ezibomvu.

Oku-wamavukelambuso eMoscow

Ukutshela amaqiniso ethakazelisayo eMoscow abafundi, kubalulekile ukusho isikhathi pre-wamavukelambuso, lapho umuzi kwakuhluke kakhulu eqhelelene nedolobha elikhulu lesimanje.

• Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVIII. Chistye Prudy ayenziwa ngelinye igama - kudoti. Kwakuhlangene yokuthi lapha waphonsa udoti nokusaphaza. Uma ichibi isibe yingxenye ifa Menshikov, wayegeza futhi banikezwe igama elisha eye yasinda kuze kube manje.
• Phakathi kaNapoleon Izimpi e 1812, eMoscow zasha. It wahlupheka neziningi zezakhiwo edolobheni. nokuvuselelwa yabo nokwenza umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.

• Kwamanzi e Moscow Yakhiwa kuphela iminyaka yokuqala yekhulu XIX.
• Ngo-1872 waqala ukusebenza dolobha Telegraph.
• Ngo 1898 kwaba khona indle.
• Ngo-1901 eMoscow, wathola ikheshi lokuqala.
• MSU owasungula M. V Lomonosov, owayengakaze wavakashela ke.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo eMoscow ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili

• Ngo-1941, i-Kremlin, kanye nezinye eziningi ezikhangayo yenhloko-dolobha, waba okucashile. Kakade phezu kwempi usuku kwathiwa phezu komuzi uvele indiza ye Wehrmacht. AmaJalimane wakwazi ukwenza eziningi isibhamu kanye nebalazwe elinembile capital yaseSoviet Union. Lokhu kuye kwaholela esidingweni esiphuthumayo ukushintsha ezibiyele ngale ukuqashelwa. Lezi kwathunyelwa amaqembu wonke wabaculi abaklami eholwa Boris Iofanom. Ngenxa yalokho, ngasekupheleni kuka June, le ezibiyele sasifana endaweni evamile yokuhlala. domes Golden zazifihliwe, umbhoshongo repainted, futhi endaweni nemithambeka babe amamodeli we izindlu.
  
  
• Isenzakalo esibalulekile ngesikhathi Okwesibili Umhlaba kwaba impi ngoba eMoscow. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo inkambo ezempi odinga ukukwazi hhayi kuphela abantu abadala, kodwa futhi abafundi. Kulesi impi kwakuhilela okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7 abantu. Lokhu idlula isibalo sabantu abathintekayo ekusebenzeni Berlin. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi blitzkrieg (uhlelo German okwesikhathi okuhlaselayo okusheshayo nokuthatha yonke endaweni ye-USSR) ukuthi iphazamiseke Kwakuphakathi Battle of eMoscow.

Ethakazelisayo eMoscow Soviet

Uma ucabangela nenkathi yamaSoviet, kungenzeka ukuthola amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo kakhulu eMoscow:

• Phakathi khona-USSR indawo yedolobha kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-5.
• Moscow kwathiwa dolobha yeSoviet Union ngo-1922.
• Soda adumile kusuka emshinini Vending e izindleko dolobha penny 1 kuphela, futhi uma kulekelelwa isiraphu - 3. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kube khona Ukushoda okukhulu ezweni, izinkomishi neze weba, futhi siyakazwe e emthonjeni, babuyela endaweni.
• Moscow Metro wakhela ku-yalolucwaningo 30., Nakuba wemisebenzi yokuqala wazithatha ngaphambi Okthoba Revolution. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cishe njalo esiteshini iqanjwe kabusha izikhathi eziningana namuhla. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala khona komhlaba samiswa anamagama ezithakazelisayo, "Kolkhoz" (manje "Sukharevskaya"), "Umhlaba" (Manje "Alekseevskaya").
• nezindaba okusha amaphephandaba ishicilelwe kabili ngosuku, futhi ngokushesha wehlela ebhokisini leposi. Futhi ulwazi zonke izenzakalo elinesihloko ekhethekile zezitsha emgwaqweni.
  

Kazi mayelana samanje

Imaphi amanye amaqiniso avezwa ezithakazelisayo mayelana eMoscow namuhla, ungakwazi ukutshela izingane?

• Ibhizinisi wesifunda yesimanje 'eMoscow City "yavela kuphela kowezi-2000.
• Ezibiyele - kekulu inqaba European, walondoloza izikhathi zethu.
• Victory Monument - aphakeme lesikhumbuzo wedolobha.
• Ngo-1994, umthetho lwaqala, namanje empeleni ekuvimbeleni izinja zikhonkotha kusuka 11 ntambama kuya ku-7 ekuseni. Uma abanikazi musa ukuhambisana isilwane sakho, kufanele atitfobe inhlawulo.
• E-Moscow, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke abayiziqumama emhlabeni. Ibe isilandelwa ngalezi zinkomba kuyinto New York.
• The esiphezulu TV umbhoshongo Ostankino Europe itholakala inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nemvelo kanye art eMoscow

Bazali, etshela amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izingane eMoscow, ungaphuthelwa ulwazi imithombo yemvelo nokuthuthukiswa amasiko emzini:

• Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke zoo Russian itholakala enhlokodolobha. It yasungulwa ngekhulu XIX.
• E-Moscow ungathola lenqwaba amapaki. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke kubhekwa Alexandrovsky Garden.
• Russian State Library, etholakala e Moscow, ngokuvumelana incwadi yakhe Iqoqo lesibili kuphela Washington-National Library of Congress.
• Iwashi endala edolobheni - the Kremlin Chime.
• E-Moscow, iminyuziyamu mayelana anamakhulu mahlanu. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ngokuvamile ukuvula iminyango yabo izivakashi enhlokodolobha, kodwa hhayi bendawo.
• Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke ibhilidi likamasipala ukuthi liye lasinda kuze kube namuhla - kweNyuka Cathedral.

Nasi abantu abanentshisekelo

Izingane ngeke ukujabulele ukufunda ngabantu abadumile azalelwa noma babehlala eMoscow:

• Aleksandrov A. V - wezingoma odumile. Wazalelwa eMoscow. It is njengoba umlobi we-Soviet iculo lesizwe ezaziwayo.
• Ahmatova A. A. - odumile waseRussia. Wayehlala eMoscow kusukela ngo-1918. Nge lo muzi kwathiwa elibumbene, njengoba kwelinye ijele inhlokodolobha kwakungu indodana yakhe.
• . Bryus Ya V - abantu amaningi afundile ezweni esikhathini uPetru I. Kwakuwusuku ibalazwe yokuqala enembile yalesi Insimu Empire Russian.
• Repin I. E. - umdwebi odumile waseRussia. Wathuthela inhlokodolobha e engu-23 ubudala.

Lezi nabanye abaningi (phakathi kwawo - Paustovsky CG, FG Ranevskaya, NA Nekrasov, BL Pasternak, Mayakovsky VV, DI Mendeleev, Bulgakov MA ) wadala umlando dolobha yesimanje Russian.