UHitler waqala ukubusa. Izizathu kukaHitler emandleni

Kusukela ukuzibulala kwe-Adolf Hitler bekulokhu cishe engu-70 edlule. Nokho, umzimba wayo ezimibalabala zezombusazwe namanje iyathakazelisa mlando abafuna ukuqonda ukuthi umculi nesizotha abasha ngaphandle imfundo zezemfundo babekwazi ukungena isizwe samaJalimane esimweni sengqondo mass futhi babe umqalisi futhi ideologist zobugebengu zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho emlandweni wonke. Ngakho kwaba namiphi izizathu kukaHitler emandleni, kanjani le nqubo futhi yini kwalesi sehlakalo?

Ukuqala biography zezombusazwe

Ikusasa sokudumisa isizwe samaJalimane wazalwa ngo-1889. Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe angabhekwa ngo-1919, lapho uHitler umhlalaphansi ebuthweni lempi futhi bajoyine German Abasebenzi Party. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha, emhlanganweni party wasikisela ukuqamba kabusha inhlangano iQembu LamaNazi wamemezela yayo Uhlelo zezombusazwe, ehlanganisa amaphuzu 25. imibono yakhe aphindwaphindwe phakathi izakhamuzi Munich. Akumangazi ukuthi ekupheleni ngowokuqala Party Congress, owawuse-1923, idolobha lidlule stormtroopers mashi, wakhe ubuhanjelwe abantu abangaphezu kuka-5,000. Waqala kanjalo-ke indaba ukuvelela Hitler.

Izenzakalo NSDAP esikhathini kusuka ngo-1923 kuya 1933

Lo mcimbi olandelayo obalulekile emlandweni we-National Socialist kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi Beer Hall Putsch, lapho stormtroopers ayizinkulungwane ezintathu colones eholwa Hitler bazama ukuyibamba kwakhiwe eMnyango Wezokuvikela. Bakhandwa esehlehlisa amaphoyisa uthuli, kanye nabaholi kwemibhikisho balingwa. Ikakhulukazi, Hitler wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-5 ejele. Nokho, uye abeboshelwe kwezinyanga ezimbalwa futhi ukukhokha inhlawulo 200 igolide amamaki. Uma khulula, uHitler wazakhela enobudlova emisebenzini yezombangazwe. Ngenxa yemizamo yakhe okhethweni 1930, bese ngo-1932 iqembu lakhe wathola inombolo enkulu lezihlalo ephalamende, ekubeni amandla abalulekile zezombusazwe. Ngakho-ke sidalwe izimo zezombusazwe ukuthi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba kokuthatha kukaHitler izintambo. EJalimane ngaleso sikhathi lalikhungethwe kokuntengantenga oqubuke eYurophu ngo-1929.

yezizathu zezomnotho ukuze kukaHitler emandleni

Njengoba izazi-mlando zikholelwa, indima enkulu impumelelo zombusazwe NSDAP kudlalwa Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, owathatha iminyaka engu-10. Akuve kubuhlungu hit umkhakha eJalimane futhi ekhiqizwa 7.5 ibutho kwezigidi ezingu-eqinile abangasebenzi. Engingakusho nje, owabanjwa ngo-1931, isiteleka zabavukuzi komuzi Ruhr, abangu-cishe 350 000 abasebenzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, indima eyandayo LamaKhomanisi Germany, okuyinto ebangele ukukhathazeka elite zezimali kanye nezimboni ezinkulu abaye wencike iQembu LamaNazi njengoba amandla kuphela abazokwazi ekumelaneni amaKhomanisi.

Ukuqokwa esikhundleni sokuba inhloko iKhabhinethi of Izikhonzi

Ekuqaleni kuka-1933, uMongameli Hindenburg wathola isifumbathiso ezinkulu kusukela izikhulu German ngubani yafuna aphoyintimenti akhe njengenhloko iQembu LamaNazi Shansela. Isosha ubudala owake waphila ukuphila, ugcine zonke pfennig, ayikwazanga simelane nakho, futhi kakade 30 Januwari, uHitler matasa omunye okuthunyelwe ezibaluleke kakhulu eJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi kwakukhona lokuqola ezihlobene nokukhwabanisa zezimali indodana Hindenburg. Kodwa aphoyintimenti njengenhloko iKhabhinethi ongazange asho kukaHitler emandleni, njengoba umthetho owawungekwenze kuphela thatha Reichstag, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, i-National Socialist azange abe inani elidingekayo lezihlalo.

Ukubulawa kwabantu ngobuningi amaKhomanisi futhi Night Long Imimese

Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa nje ngemva kwesikhathi kaHitler, kwakukhona lwalapho kushiswa khona isakhiwo Reichstag. Ngenxa yalokho, iQembu LamaKhomanisi iye basolwa ngokulindela ukugumbuqela umbuso kuleli zwe, futhi uMongameli Hindenburg ngemvume isimemezelo ku bhunga amandla leKhabinethe okungavamile.

Njengoba base bethole a Blanche Carte, uHitler ngaphambilini ukuboshwa izishoshovu LamaKhomanisi azungeze 4000 futhi wenze isimemezelo ukhetho kuya Reichstag, lapho khona cishe u 44% wamavoti waya ephathini yakhe. Esinye amandla ukuthi zingenza kube nzima ukuba kokuthatha kukaHitler emandleni, kwadingeka lokushaya amabutho, eliholwa Ernst Röhm. Futhi iwukudambisa inhlangano, amaNazi ziphangwe, kamuva yabizwa ngokuthi "Night Long Imimese." Yisisulu Senkulumo ukucekelwa zacishe kubantu abayinkulungwane, kuhlanganise iningi abaholi SA.

inhlolovo

Agasti 2, 1934 uMongameli Hindenburg wafa. Lo mcimbi yashesha kukaHitler emandleni, njengoba wakwazi ukufeza esikhundleni kokhetho ekuseni inhlolovo. Phakathi nomhlangano Agasti 19, 1934 abavoti bacelwa ukuba uphendule umbuzo owodwa kuphela kwakuzwakala kanje: "Ingabe uyavumelana uMongameli kanye Shansela izikhundla kuye kwahlanganiswa?" Ngemva ukubalwa kwamavoti kwatholakala ukuthi iningi abavoti babe esivuna ezihlongozwayo iziphathimandla zikahulumeni kabusha . Ngenxa yalokho, kusho iHhovisi likaMengameli uyekwa.

I sokudumisa futhi kwamaNazi Shansela

Ngokwabacwaningi kakhulu, unyaka uHitler eqala ukubusa - 1934. Ngempela, emva inhlolovo ngo-August 19, waba hhayi kuphela ikhanda iKhabhinethi, kodwa futhi umlawuli ophakeme, ngubani uqobo kwadingeka ukuba bafunge ukuthi bayoqhubeka bezithoba ibutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto okokuqala emlandweni wezwe yena yanikezelwa isihloko Fuehrer futhi kwamaNazi Shansela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lapho sicabangela kuphakame amandla Hitler, usuku 30 Januwari 1933 kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba selokhu neqembu lakhe, ingase ibe nomthelela obalulekile Inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle Germany. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjani, eYurophu kwakukhona umashiqela, ngenxa yezenzo okuyinto eshiswe izigidi zabantu emazweni amathathu.

Germany. UHitler waqala ukubusa: kuyayithinta Inqubomgomo yasekhaya kanye nomnotho (iminyaka 1934-1939)

I emva ukwamukelwa uMuammar wezwe ezingqondweni zezakhamuzi zawo eminyakeni yokuqala phathelana wethula imibono yokungabi nandaba omusha osekelwe yizinsika ezintathu: revanchism, kwamaJuda nokukholelwa ubunjalo isizwe samaJalimane. Maduze, eJalimane, kukaHitler emandleni, okwakubekelwa predetermined kuhlanganise izizathu nomgomo wezangaphandle, baqala ukuzwa komnotho. Sanciphisa kangcono isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi kuleli umkhakha kwekuhlela kabusha ezahlukene izinyathelo zokwenza kanye eyenziwa izenzo ahlukeneko anqophe ekwenzeni ngcono isikhundla social yama-Jalimane abampofu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo iyiphi ephikisayo ukuthi ukuyiveza e ihlumela, kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa yokucindezelwa okukhulu, olusekela ngokuvamile ngenhliziyo yonke, lezi zakhamuzi zazenza ezigcina umthetho, yamjabulisa ukuthi quarantines uhulumeni noma ukubhubhisa amaJuda noma bangamakhomanisi, kwaphazamiseka, njengoba they kholwa ekwakhekeni eJalimane Greater. By the way, indima ebalulekile kukhala ngu ubugagu oluvelele Goebbels kanye sokudumisa yena. Empeleni, uma ubheka "ukhozi ezimbili engumondli. UHitler waqala ukubusa "- ifilimu Lutz Becker cishe ngokuphelele esekelwe newsreels ezilotshwe esikhathini kusuka ekuqaleni Novemba revolution eJalimane futhi ukubhuka ezizenzakalelayo - obaziyo ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuba bangasizakali ukwazi komphakathi. Kulesi Eqinisweni onemibuzo ukuthi asikhulumi mayelana ezimbalwa izinkulungwane eziyikhulu ngisho ka abashisekeli benkolo, kodwa isizwe multimillion, okuyinto bezilokhu njengelinye lamazwe ukukhanyiselwa kakhulu eYurophu.

kukaHitler emandleni, okuyinto kafushane ezichazwe ngenhla - ingenye izibonelo yephuzu kanjani amandla umashiqela wentando efika iplanethi vvergshy e izinxushunxushu neMpi Yezwe II.