Yiziphi amadivayisi lokushisa wokulinganisa

Omunye nemingcele ebaluleke ngokomzimba ukuthi zivame kakhulu wafunda, waphawula futhi isilungisiwe, kungakhathaliseki yasendlini kwansuku ukuphila komuntu, imijikelezo ukukhiqizwa noma zocwaningo laboratory, iyona inkomba lokushisa. Kuye izakhiwo kanye nezici technical ngokuchaza zokusebenza indlela isikhona ngezigaba ezithile amadivayisi yokukala izinga lokushisa yezinhlobo ezithile: ezivamile ketshezi izinto ezisetshenziswayo noma eziyinkimbinkimbi Izinto eziphambili zobuchwepheshe kanye laser wokulinganisa, okuyizinto okunye uyakufanelekela ukuba bajwayelane yasendlini thermometer. Yiqiniso, iphuzu eliyisisekelo futhi esibucayi kuyinto indawo isicelo amadivayisi ezinjalo.

Izinhlobo amadivayisi yokukala izinga lokushisa

Iinsetjenziswa zokukhwela ofeza izifundo ezidingekayo, kuhlanganise kudivayisi ekulinganiseni izinga lokushisa komoya, zihlukaniswa ikhipha kanye Umgomo we operation ukuthi isetshenziselwa izilinganiso. Enough kabanzi contact futhi akude thermometer, kungenjalo ngokuthi pyrometers. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezigaba amadivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa kuhlanganisa:

• Glass nensimbi thermometer ukunwetshwa ketshezi egijima ku impahla ivolumu ushintsho emizimbeni ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa. Nomkhakha we isinyathelo kusukela -190 kuya +500 ° C.
• thermometer Manometric, usebenzisa ubuhlobo phakathi lokushisa obuhlukahlukene efana gaseous, ibekwe ngendlela ivolumu avaliwe futhi ingcindezi. Basebenta at amanani asuka -160 kuya +600 ° C.
• Kagesi ukumelana thermometer sinciké ikhono izinto ukusishintsha ukumelana kagesi of umqhubi ngesikhathi amalahle kanye lwaluyophola. Eliphumelelayo amanani asuka -200 kuya +650 ° C.
• converters Thermoelectric - thermocouple. Zisetshenziswa ku ezahlukene 0 kuya +1800 ° C. Lezi zinsimbi zisetshenziselwa ukukala impahla lokushisa izinsimbi ezimbili ezihlukene futhi Alloys ferro ukukhiqiza amandla electromotive lapho beshintsha degree of Ukushisa kwalapho.
• Kuvele apharathasi sokunquma lokushisa kusuka +100 ukuze +2500 ° C - pyrometer ngemisebe (Photoelectric, optical, emisebeni). Isenzo kungenxa yokuthi omiswe izinga kuthinta inani ukushisa esikhishwa umzimba. Libhekisela uhlobo nesilinganiso non-contact. Ukuhlukanisa phakathi izingcingo zasendlini kanye nezingcingo mobile, low- futhi ephezulu lokushisa pyrometer.

Thermometer nezinzwa

Ngokwenhlolo-Ukwahlukaniswa ukushisa-amayunithi olwenziwa ukuzihlukanisa kwabo ku thermometer lokushisa izinzwa.

Eyokuqala - iyona imishini mechanical, kuhlanganise barometric amadivayisi egcwele igesi, bimetal, izinga lokushisa Izikali, ingilazi futhi abalawuli kuhlanganiswe.

Temperature izinzwa - kuyinto ultra-eqondile Izinto eziphambili zobuchwepheshe zokuqopha lokushisa ukusebenza uketshezi futhi ukudla okuqinile. Kufanele belashwe thermometer yokumelana, thermocouples, izidlulisi izinzwa imitshina, ifakwe edluliselwe izindlela.

Popular izinga lokushisa imitshina anemisila-USB esibonakalayo, inkumbulo ukugcina nekuhlatiya ucwaningo, laser aimer-umdubuli kambayimbayi.

Ukulinganisa lokushisa lamanzi

Ngamunye idivayisi ehlukile ye ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi, izixazululo abandayo kanye hot elinesimo isimiso esikhethekile wokusebenza. Kukhona amacebo enemisebenzi ezilungele futhi umoya ukusebenza izilinganiso.

izinga lokushisa liquid

Glass amadivayisi ketshezi wokulinganisa zaziwa ngokuthi ama-thermometer eyisisekelo kakhulu futhi kunembile, olutholakalayo engela futhi iqonde. Inkambu kwesicelo - ukuhlaziywa imishini inqubo, kanye Izinsiza (izilinganiso e namapayipi). Amadivayisi efanelekayo amanani asuka -35 kuya +600 ° C, futhi njengoba abathola isici mercury isetshenziswa kaningi kunabanye, futhi ukufunda kulotshwe kulesi silinganiso.

Kuye indawo kanye nokusetshenziswa izici kwesakhiwo ukuhlukanisa amadivaysi ezokwelapha, ubunjiniyela, contact kagesi, uketshezi, umhlanga kanye nabanye.

Ithuluzi ethize sokulinganisa lokushisa lamanzi ekhethiwe ngokuvumelana iphutha kuvunyelwe uma kukalwa.

Amadivayisi sokunquma lokushisa ngaphandle

Idivayisi lokuqala sokulinganisa lokushisa - kuyinto lokushisa ingilazi in the esebenzayo ingxenye ewuketshezi okungase mercury ETHYL utshwala, toluene kanye nezinye izinto.

Precision amathuluzi yokulinganisa mercury kukhona kamoba futhi esishunyekwe ingilazi esikalini. Ziyakwazi ezifunwayo izifundo laboratory emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ukukhiqizwa futhi imithi. Cane thermometer ifakwe ukushisa ukumelana esobala iziqu capillary tube, futhi uhlobo amamitha yesibili ungachazwa ukuthi ukwahlukana isikali ahlelwe ngemuva kuyo ipuleti ehlukile, futhi lonke indlela ivikelwe sikhwama ngengilazi okuhlala.

Ephambi kwezinduna oxhumana kagesi lisebenze ibizwa ngokuthi termosignalizatorom namanzi ebucayi phakathi kwesigubhu kanye capillary kubonisa izinga lokushisa wamanje Isikhala ezungezile.

Izici amath- kanye alamu

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezibalwe ngenhla, kukhona namanye amadivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba izinzwa lokushisa abalawuli zisetshenziswa kanye stem dilatometers yini izinto eziyimfihlo eziphathelene ezihluke Alloys ferro zazo enwetshiwe ngesikhathi Ukushisa ngu ezingafani.

Isimiso esifanayo libhekene kungolunye uhlobo izinga lokushisa - Bimetallic, nge Kufakwe entwasahlobo lokushisa-sensitive, ashiselwe nge pair of zensimbi ezilula nge ezahlukene ukunwetshwa ezishisayo. Phakathi Ukushisa emthonjeni ipuleti uzimisele termokoeffitsienta kancane futhi aguqa ezidlula noma bethanda lokushisa ingxenye.

izinga lokushisa kagesi

Ukuze akude kokungathembeki ezishisayo izinkomba kwemvelo ku uhla kusuka -15 kuya +125 ° C muhle kakhulu yokuxhumana kudivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa - nenshisekelo thermometer kagesi. Ngo kudivayisi akhe oxhumene by imitha nentambo inzwa.

I element ebucayi kulungile kakhulu zethusi wire gauge balahleke Helix Strand ukuze uzimele.

Yiziphi amadivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa komzimba

lokushisa sidumbu kukalwa thermometer ayenomkhuba. Kodwa namuhla kunezinye thermometer eziningi, ezingafani ababukeka izimiso eziyisisekelo senzo.

Amadivayisi ezivame kakhulu elingelakwaJuda thermometer yethu, umsebenzi wokunweba ezishisayo mercury, iziketekete utshwala kanye nabanye. Uketshezi. Ziyakwazi engabizi, kwenta na ngokwanele olunembile, ikakhulukazi mercury, nakuba okuqukethwe ezinobuthi ku ethambile ingilazi umzimba ihambisana engatsho lutho.

Electronic noma digital kudivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa komzimba kubonisa ukubaluleka oyifunayo ngokusebenzisa inzwa ihlanganiswe, kodwa kubiza kakhulu ngaphezu intengo 'abafowabo' ketshezi. Lezi thermometer contact.

pyrometers infrared angadingi ukuxhumana ngqo nomuntu obambe ukude. inzwa Supersensitive for 2-15 imizuzwana ofunda ukubaluleka ngemisebe, outputting umphumela isibonisi. Lezi zinsimbi lokushisa-non-contact wokulinganisa mahle Imikhaya enezingane ezisencane, amacala elele ogulayo, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziwusizo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke e inqubo ukupheka, futhi izinhlobo namandla kakhulu -. Esikhathini umkhakha amandla, ezindaweni zokwakha, e yokusansimbi kanye nezinye izimboni .

Lapho kunesidingo thermometer kude

Ngokuvamile zikhona izikhathi lapho ukukala izinga lokushisa kwe-indlela yokuxhumana akunakwenzeka noma kungelula. Ezimweni ezinjalo idinga Thermometer - idivayisi akude lokushisa nesilinganiso, okuyilezi:

• lapho izilinganiso izinkomba emizimbeni kakhulu evuthayo noma imvelo enobuthi;
• ngokufinyelela nzima, futhi iphutha encane kungakwenza izilinganiso at ibanga amashumi amamitha;
• lapho ukuqapha izindlela iragela phambili, futhi kungase kuthathe uqhekeko lwesibili;
• e sitholakele isakhiwo kagesi uma kulungile ukuze imitha ukuskena akude ezizindeni akude amaningi.

Yimaphi amadivayisi akwazi ukukala izinga lokushisa kwe-metal

Esikhathini umkhakha Metallurgical lokucwaninga oncibilikisiwe ferro Alloys kudinga eyizingqabavu kudivayisi wokulinganisa ngoba okushisa aphakeme.

Labo ababebhekwa pyrometer echazwe ngaphambilini. Basuke eqondiswa ukushisa esifundeni radiation, ephawula lokushisa langempela metal. Ezimweni ezinzima ukusebenza ultrahigh ukushisa yokuxhumana indlela ekahle. Esikhathini okucaciswe luketshezi ubonisa ulwazi olulandelayo:

• izinga lokushisa langempela phezu Fahrenheit kanye Celsius;
• lokushisa emnceleni;
• ibhethri.

ukunemba maximal we variable kulinganiswa bungatholakala kuphela uma into phakathi idivayisi akude futhi akukho ukuphazamiseka ngesimo umusi noma ukushisa iyavuleka ukudla okuqinile. Uma kubalulekile ukwenza yizilinganiso Alloys ferro e ladle ezokuthutha noma ukuthelwa, kubalulekile ukwamukela isimo ukuthi izinga lokushisa ingaphansi sibalo langempela futhi izonqunywa izibalo.

Ukuze ugweme ukungalungi le ndlela, usebenzisa enye ithuluzi for ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe-metal, okungukuthi Simulator blackbody. It is egxilile ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga futhi umelwe tube ne ekupheleni soldered noma evulekile emgodini Isigaxa umlomo wombhobho noma metal refractory. Kunoma termoizmeritel samuntu kufanele ukushisa ukumelana lenyuka, chemical ukumelana naso futhi kwenze kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo abonise i idatha olunembile kakhulu.

Ukulinganisa lokushisa injini

ukusebenza yesikhathi eside, kanye ukulungiswa gqwa kwemishini zidinga imishini ekhethekile, ezazihlanganisa - idivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa yenjini. Lezi zihlanganisa thermocouples, thermistors nokwanda thermometer.

Thermocouples - elula kakhulu futhi eyaziwa kabanzi phakathi abashayeli amadivayisi sokulinganisa lokushisa evele of emazombezombe futhi kwangaphakathi motor ingaphakathi. Ngalezi izinzwa lokushisa kungenzeka idatha fixed, ngisho kanzima ukuze afinyelele izindawo injini, e anemifantu kanye cores. Mela oluhlukile lwensimbi angawodwa izintambo ezimbili soldered ngakolunye uhlangothi semikhawulweni okuyinto ezibekwe kweyoku iphuzu eqondile yokukala. Imikhawulo yesibili uxhumeke millivoltmeter futhi thermometer, futhi isibalo izinkomba inquma lokushisa langempela.

Mercury kanye utshwala thermometer ukunwetshwa kukhona elula kakhulu izilinganiso ezidingekayo kumasayithi etholakalayo: emazombezombe ebusweni obala izinto ezihlukahlukene, kanye aphumayo (noma engenayo) kusukela ukusakaza emoyeni yenjini. Thermistors ucingo zethusi emazombezombe unamathele ezindaweni eziningana injini, kuhlanganise sako, fixed ngokuthatha ukufundwa kanye nangokunquma inani eliyisilinganiso.

amadivaysi Secondary esetshenziselwa lokushisa izilinganiso

Sizama ukunikeza incazelo yalokho kuyinto ithuluzi zezimboni yesibili sokulinganisa lokushisa. Eqinisweni, kule divayisi othomathikhi kuyinto kwalokho ezibalulekile imitha main, ngaleyo ndlela avalele futhi iguqulwe ukusebenza eqoshiwe esinjengomuntu esifundekayo. Kuyadingeka ukwenza control eqondile, mkhosi futhi ifike ngesikhathi lokushisa isiqondiso kulezo Emacaleni angakajayeleki lapho lokuchezuka zenzeka kusukela kubhekwa isimo yokusebenza nemingcele. Eceleni isehlane umile futhi ephathekayo zikagesi yesibili.

Ngokuvamile, yesibili lokushisa yokulinganisa amadivayisi abe namandla okuvikela steel bezinhlamvu futhi ifakwe isikali iziqu. Bhalisa amanani avela ngokuvumelana ishadi irekhodwe ngalokuhlelekile thermocouples, ubunzima Izikali, ukumelana thermometer, transducers namanye amadivayisi.

Uma ucabangela izindlela ezahlukene Owethula imininingwane, kubalulekile ukuba bahlukanise amadivayisi zamabanga ukuqopha futhi ibonisa, abangashadile futhi multi-channel, ezimbili tekusebentisa owodwa ububanzi. Ephambi kwezinduna indlela mkhosi amadivayisi idatha kweso zibonisa ushintsho akwamukelekile lokushisa sihluke ukubaluleka oyifunayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuba silondoloze ukugeleza kwamaphuzu ukusabela nezinqubo ahileleka zazo.

Nge zonke ezihlukahlukene amadivayisi irekhodi lokushisa ukufundwa amagesi, uketshezi futhi ukudla okuqinile kufanele ucabangisise ukukhethwa idivayisi oyifunayo. Izinto eziyinhloko okumelwe kunakwe kukhona imikhawulo kuvunyelwe lokushisa amagugu, ibanga esiphezulu lapho izilinganiso kungaba kwenziwe (emehlweni), ukunemba. Futhi-ke, acabangele ububanzi bokusebenzisa othile uhlobo izinga lokushisa.