Emphysema: ukuthi kuyini nokuthi indlela yokuphatha?

Uma ucele omunye umnikazi idiploma wezokwelapha: "emphysema - kuyini," - uyokwenza ukukuchazela ukuthi imithi le gama lisho spectrum kwezifo ezingathathelani eqondene wamaphaphu. Isiguli ne ukuxilongwa airspaces osuke usuvulekile bronchioles yamaphaphu futhi udonga alveolar yashintshwa.

izimbangela

Ukuze uzilungiselele ngokugcwele, hhayi kuphela ukwazi ukuthi yini ne-emphysema. Kuyini, thina usuyitholile kakade. Manje ake sibone ukuthi kungani kubonakala. Kuze kube manje, zonke izimbangela ezibanga ukuthuthukiswa emphysema, kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala siqukethe microcirculation sokugembula, imiphumela emibi izinto eziyingozi emoyeni, kanye ukuntula azalwa naso we α-antitrypsin. Ayavumelana yinto eyodwa: zonke lezi zici ngandlela-thile aphule amandla yamaphaphu futhi ukunciphisa kuyaqina yabo. Yilokhu kuholela yokuthi umuntu eba ngokukhukhumala kwentamo eyinhloko ne-emphysema. Kuyini lokhu? Breathing kalula qanda amakhulu kakhulu ahlukanisiwe kabusha ngokuphelele. Ukumelana bronchial, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kukhuphuke ukugandeleleka alveoli ngesikhathi umoya ngamunye. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi permeability bronchial kulokhu kungase kube Kuye nokho zephula hhayi. Uma ningagcini izinguquko ukuvuvukala, bronchi kanye bronchioles awekho ngaphansi isimiso. Ngenxa imbangela yesibili okungenzeka emphysema odokotela shayela ezingamahlalakhona ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula obstructive. Lesi sifo kudala izimo ekahle umuntu ukuba athuthukiswe yesibili (aka - alveolar) ne-emphysema.

incazelo

Kulokhu, iziguli ingcindezi intrathoracic ngokucijile incipha ngesikhathi okhishwa ngamakhala. Welulekela mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi bronchial kuholela Ukuhamba komkhawulo ukuthi sibe sibi. I-alveoli zinwetshwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi imisiwe emoyeni eliphefumulelwe. Konke lokhu kuholela yokuthi mezhalveolnye izindonga kancane ubhujiswe. Uma isiguli siqondiswe ze-X ray, emphysema kuzobonakala ukuvuvukala nobuntu alveoli zokuphefumula.

ukuhlola

Ngaziphi izizathu ezingasenza simqonde emphysema? Nalu uhlu okusheshayo: i-alveoli isiguli ewugqinsi wandisa ngomlomo wabo; hypertrophied bushelelezi imisipha izinyanda, imicu enwebekayo yezicubu kuthiwa waqonda; ezindongeni bronchioles zokuphefumula kukhona ohlabayo okuningi kuka kufanele; inani capillary kakhulu ngezansi evamile.

symptomatology

Emphysema livela ngempela elikhanyayo. Iziguli eziningi esekhala kufushane okunzima umoya - ekuqaleni ke kwenzeka ngesikhathi umsebenzi, kodwa kancane kancane uqala Okubelesela njalo umuntu, ngisho ngenkathi ehamba. emphysema yesibili ebonakala kahle igazi igesi. Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga kuthinta isimo thorax: ukuma kufana emgqonyeni, endaweni ngaphezu ingqwababa iqhubu kakhulu.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke

Ngakho manje wazi impendulo yalo mbuzo: "? Emphysema - kuyini" Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwelapha lesi sifo: kwezokwelapha zanamuhla akazi ubuciko uzowubuyisela alveoli ubhujiswe. Ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko yokuthi, ukususa izimpawu ezingemnandi kanye nokugcina ezingeni ejwayelekile oxygenation. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bronchodilators aqokwa futhi njalo yokwelapha i-oksijini.