Unyaka 1687. Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy: umlando, incazelo kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy (1687) kwaba ephakeme isikhungo sokuqala zemfundo eRussia. Yasungulwa eMoscow, wadonsa kwaze kwaba 1814 Cabanga okunye kuyini yamaGreki-Slavic-Latin Academy.

indaba

Initiators babe imbongi, uthisha uSimeyoni ka Polotsk futhi Sylvester Medvedev ekuyi - umfundi wakhe. iminyaka engu-2 ngaphambi kokufa lalotshwa kuqala "ilungelo Academic" - owasungula maphepha. It phambili, eqinisweni, umbono ukusungula eyunivesithi, okuqukethwe ukuqeqeshwa izikhungo amalungelo esikhathini esizayo aye atholakala. Ukutholakala kwe-Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, ngokuvumelana Polotsky avunyelwe ukuba balungiselele izifundiswa esontweni umphakathi.

izinhlelo zokuqeqesha

Esikoleni, wacabanga Polotsk, ayebafundise Polish, isi-Latin, isiGreki Slavic izilimi, "ubuciko eziyisikhombisa ovulekile" (piitika nge mpendulo, lolimi, ukufunda izinkanyezi, umculo, i-geometry, dialectics, ifilosofi) kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Abafundi nothisha bangase abe namandla wokuphatha kuphela ukuba li - "ababheki ophakeme", kanye inzalamizi, kodwa hhayi tendzabuko. Ngakho, kwakheka uhlobo yokuzimela inyuvesi. Ezemfundo kwakufanele kube mahhala. Ngesikhathi abafundi efanayo isikhathi umfundaze kwaba amiswe kanye nabafundisi amadala - impesheni.

Polotsk wachaza lokho Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Waveza ukuthi isikhungo kuyodingeka ukukhulula abapristi abathembekile ukufundisa abafundi ukuhlonipha ubumsulwa inqwaba yemibono engokwenkolo. Imisebenzi ye-Academy of Polotsk phakathi kwezinye izinto yayihlanganisa nokugcinwa ukucwaninga, ilungelo lokwahlulela oyisihlubuki. Imisebenzi yesikhungo kufanele futhi zihlanganisa nemisebenzi ukuqapha nezinye izikhungo zemfundo, nekhaya othisha. Umnqopho we-Academy obekumele ziyiswe isiGreki, eyayibhalwe iningi izincwadi yesonto.

Ukusungulwa bushelelezi

Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy wadalwa ngesisekelo the Epiphany nokuphrinta Schools. Othisha bokuqala beba abafowethu Sophrony futhi Ioakim Lihudy. Nge sokweluleka of Merit Eastern Lezinzalamizi, bona ngokukhethekile efika e Moscow. Abafowethu babenesithakazelo olwazini encyclopedic babe odokotela Kottonianskoy Academy. Sophronius futhi Joachim ngilibekele zonke nemizamo abayenzayo yokwakha isikhungo ephakeme ezingokomoya zokufundisa eRussia. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi iminyaka engu-2 kuphela ngemva kokufa Polotsk "Ilungelo" Lokukhuluma yayo (idokhumenti abaqamba Academy) sivunyiwe ngakwesokudla bese Fedorom Alekseevichem. Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu esikoleni othola isibusiso Umbhishobhi oNgcwele.

Eyokuqala amakilasi

Baqala e-1685, ngokokuqala ngqa bavalelwa the Epiphany Monastery. Bazalwane Likhud abaqeqeshiwe ngesiGreki ekuqaleni kuphela. Kamuva landiswa semfundo bafakwa mpendulo yakhe. Ekupheleni 1866 yaqala ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo ahlukene ensimini ka Zonke-Nomusa uMsindisi Monastery, okuyinto njengoba Zaikonospassky eyaziwa (indawo - isithonjana eduze kwayo). Likhud abazalwane baye wayiswa esakhiweni esisha ngonyaka 1687. I Slavic ngesiGreki Latin Academy kuzohlanganisa okokuqala emahlangothini amathathu: engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi. Okokuqala, ziqeqeshwa abantu 104. Ngemva konyaka, le abafundi kwaba 163, futhi ngo-1689-m - 182.

ukuqeqeshwa

Inkambo uqala kanye nesigaba wokulungiselela. Wabizwa esikoleni Russian. Lapho yayo abafundi ekupheleni adlulisiwe. Ekilasini elilandelayo - School Incwadi imiBhalo YesiGreki - bahlolisisa Latin, Slavic futhi incwadi ngesiGreki. Ngemva kwalokho, abafundi baqala ukufundelwa nakuletinye tifundvo. On the Yiqiniso wagcina ukufundisa imfundo yezenkolo, dialectic, ekukhulumeni physics. Bazalwane Likhud wedwa wabhala zonke izincwadi izifundo. Ukuze ababeyithathile isampula izincwadi zemfundo emanyuvesi European. Yizincwadi elahlanganiswa imisebenzi Democritus, u-Aristotle, Campanella. Sethula kubo izibonelo imibhalo yenkolo nemisebenzi yobuciko.

abafundi Ukwakheka

Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy wathatha inzalo yokuhlala nemikhaya ehlukahlukene. Njengoba indodana zihlanganiswa, umthengisi, umkhwenyana wayengase abe umakhelwane wesonto ukukhonza ingane ezinegunya noma ngisho nenkosana zasebukhosini. Lesi sikole ngokuyisisekelo sihluke lonke, ukuthatha abafundi ku lombhalo imigqa. Ngaphandle Russian esungulwe ngonyaka 1687 the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy wafundisa Belarusians, Ukraine, abantu abavela e-Commonwealth, baseMoldova, naseLithuania, AmaTatar obhapathiziwe, Georgians. Ohlwini abafundi kwaba ngisho Macedonian. abafundi Okudala wafundisa abasebasha, futhi kanjalo nokuqinisa othisha primary. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isimiso ngezikulu akuyona banamathela izigodi, izibonelelo wathola abafundi ahlukahlukene.

Umlando Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy ekhulwini XVIII

I ekuqaleni kwekhulu kwaphawulwa zokulungisa uhulumeni uPetru wehlelwe yini. kabusha ezithintiwe futhi wehlelo lefundo zombelele. Emphilweni Academy waqala isigaba esisha. Inani labafundi linyuke laba ngu-600, kwakhulisa othisha, umtapo inwetshiwe. Ngo 1701, i-isikhungo unikwe isimo isimo sokuqeqesha. UPetro waseqala ukuba ameme othisha abavela Lviv futhi Kiev, ngoba unombono mayelana kuloluhlelo lwemfundo Western Europe. Ulimi main baqala ukukhuluma isi-Latin. Isikhathi cwaningo eyayibekwe eneminyaka engu 12-15. Ubunjalo inqubo yemfundo kuseduze uhlelo Western Europe. Manje Academy ekhiqizwa izazi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi odokotela, abahumushi, bakahulumeni.

kunoshintsho

Abafundi abaningi musa baqede imfundo yabo yamabanga ikilasi ephakeme, futhi ngemva konyaka wokuqala izifundo zishiywe yezokwelapha, ubunjiniyela, izibalo esikoleni, ngoba babazi Latin. Kwebantfwana labavela emindenini lephuyile waqala ukuthumela phesheya. Kube babefundiswe Persian, Turkish, isi-Arabhu "isayensi tetemibhalo", eyayibonakala wafunda ngesikhathi eFrance. On the Academy waqala ukukhuluma eYurophu. Nge kwemvume esiGungwini, esenziwa ngo-1721, lesi sikhungo semfundo ephakeme waqala ukuthatha ezinye izizwe. Bona ulinganiswa abafundi Russian.

Ngo 1708 futhi 1710. 2 kwalesi simemezelo yakhishwa. Imibhalo ebekiwe izingane abefundisi ukufundelwa "Latin nezikole YesiGreki", futhi ekupheleni kwabo nje babekwazi ukubala on isiko ezingokomoya. Nokho, intsha akuzona ezishisekayo imfundo. Kule ndaba, kusukela 1721 esiGungwini yafuna namarisidi okuvela kubapristi ukuthi izingane zabo ziyoba uqeda isikole.

I-Academy kwakungathandeki phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini, ngoba kwaba impela eningi abafundi labavela emindenini lephuyile. Ngo 1729 kwesigamu abafundi baka-yamasosha. Abafundi abaningi - Abantu kubantu abavamile babengenayo ukuthola imali ukuze bazondle ngokwabo amandla. Zabulawa behlelwa omkhulu M. V Lomonosova. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu lapho ababehlala cishe belamba, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa akuyona yehlile. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu izingane abalimi wabuyela kulendawo yabo. Kusukela 1277 abantu abavamile siyeka ukuphuza lesi Academy.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Esebenze kusukela ngonyaka 1687 the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy ukuqoqwa yakhula kakhulu izincwadi ngesiRashiya. Abaphathi isikhungo ngokuphelele usufruct esiphakade wayiswa State Library. Sokuqeqesha ingenye yaseshashalazini wokuqala Russian yasungulwa. Ngesisekelo umbuthano wakhe esikoleni sase sibekiwe, lapho uSimeyoni ka Polotsk setha izingcezu "Nebukadinesari," "I Esaphazayo."

Ukusebenza lokuqala olusemthethweni Academy yaseshashalazini wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1701, ngo-November. Qembu ukubeka idrama iVangeli emzekelisweni uLazaru ocebile. Kusukela kulo nyaka ukusebenza babé isiko emphilweni umphakathi wokuziphilisa. Ngo 1705 Feofan Prokopovich okuhleliwe tragicomedy "uVladimir". Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili, wathatha play, njengelinye lamazwe bhá emlandweni sokuqeqesha yaseshashalazini. Staging kwaba isenzo kuhlatshelelwa ingoma yokujabula nokunqoba yayizimisele ukuthatha Noteburga Petrom. Esikhathini play empini ivezwe njengabantu umzabalazo "Mars Russian" nebutho okubi. Lesi sakamuva zahunyushelwa olimini izithombe "tavrikiyskoy inyanga" futhi 'ingonyama Swedish ". Ekwakhiweni igcwaliswe entry lokunqoba 'Russian Mars. "

Buildings eMoscow

Buildings okwakukhona esungulwe ngonyaka 1687 the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy, wathola isimo lesikhumbuzo ezakhiwo ukubaluleka sikahulumeni. Ngo inqubo yokuhlela kabusha ukudluliswa ezweni isakhiwo wathola eziningi ukulimala. Ngo-2009, iKomiti Heritage wakhuthaza ukudlulisa izindawo Academy ngaphansi sici Izigodlo ezazikhona ngaphambili. Lokhu kwashiwo ngu usihlalo umzimba - Valery Shevchuk.