Travertine - kuyini? Izici kanye izici impahla

Indaba kuyiphi kweColosseum Roman Yakhiwa ngokuphelele, ibizwa ngokuthi "travertine". Kuyini lokhu? Asivume.

Travertine - kuyini?

Ngokuthi travertine travertine - a polycrystalline idwala okuncane. itshe igama livela travertino Italy. Ekhulwini lokuqala BC, material ngokuthi yitshe Tibur (Lapis tiburtinus). itshe Travertine iwuhlobo Lesisemkhatsini phakathi limestone namatshe amhlophe amaningi.

Njengoba kwakhiwa it is

Travertine sebethule nqubo umkhiqizo calcium carbonate (aragonite noma calcite) uyabanda noma ushise carbonate imithombo. Lesitshalo ezakhiwe ukususwa encibilikayo calcium Bicarbonate equkethe carbon dioxide izixazululo:

Ca (HCO _{3) 2} → Caco ₃ + H ₂ O + CO _2.

Isizathu esiyinhloko okuya ingcindezi, okungase kwenzeke ngokukhiphayo komhlaba ebusweni ngoba ukwanda okusheshayo emkhathini, kuhambisana olunzulu ukunyakaza amanzi, kanye nokwenziwa yizimila. Travertine-itshe ngokuvamile yokuhlala isitshalo yezicathulo. Iphinde ingaqukatha ezihlukahlukene izinsalela organic.

Travertine kungokwemvelo: izici eyinhloko

Stone libhekene isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, okuyinto iyahlule limestone, okuyinto impahla aminyene. I porosity we indaba zokhahlamba kusuka 2 kuya ku-40%. Amaseli travertine isakhiwo ezakhiwe ngivuka futhi edabula izingqimba calcareous sulfide igesi Bubbles. Bheka izimbobo isiyingi ezisele kusuka lapho uphuma khona-sulfur dioxide kungenziwa usike ngokwenza parallel akha kwenze.

Travertine - itshe nge ubulukhuni ezincane (kalula usike usebenzisa isaha isiyingi). inhlanganiso wayo yisilinganiso sesifundo 1400-1800 kg cubic metres. imitha.

Yini nemibala Travertine?

Ukuze travertine libhekene umbala e ezihlukile. Breed ukuba mhlophe, aphuzi, lemicu empunga elinamathela othini, ukhilimu nabanye. Ngenxa yokuba khona lichaza ekwakheni usawoti yensimbi travertine kungashintsha luhlaza ngenxa namachibi. Ngokwesibonelo, itshe elimhlophe Ungathenga isihlabathi noma ophuzi tint. On the izakhiwo zalezi zinto hhayi kubonakala.

Found itshe futhi shades mnyama (sinombala, sinombala grey et al.). Travertine Ukuba amnyama umbala, kangcono lobuchwepheshe izimfanelo.

Kukhona futhi amatshe ngemibala okukhulu. Isibonelo ukwaziswa okunjalo kungase zibekwe Iran travertine phuzi futhi zibe bomvu. Kuyini lokhu? Lokhu tufa equkethe zombala ezithile lona umbala kakhulu.

Izimo letitsintsa izakhiwo travertine

Properties of indaba okuholela ancike izici eziningi - okuqukethwe ziyoncibilika carbon dioxide, ukugeleza omawala, izinga lokushisa izinkomba, kanye nabanye.

Solid izinga travertine kwakheka amile. Ezindaweni libhekene imisinga enamandla (isib, izimpophoma), njengoba umthetho, kuvela travertine nodular. Kuyini lokhu? Anisochromic kokuba elikhulu ababebuthene amaqembu ikhule ezimbotsheni tufa.

Kukhula inani ukungcola Lokudabuka begazi abazohlanganyela edwaleni ekwakhekeni, ayanda kuyoba inkomba yokuthi porosity yayo.

travertine kwabantu kuncike ingcindezi zezendlalelo overlying phansi, kanye ukushuba sebethule entsha ayi-calcium carbonate phezu izingqimba ukuthi kuye kwamiswa ngaphambili. Ngezinye izikhathi, kubonakala sengathi i-ungqimba phezulu inzika ingase idlule a kwenze entsha, lapho ikhule ezimbotsheni luphinde voids kwakhiwa edwaleni. Waba yini umphumela walesi sisetshenziselwa izinto eziqinile futhi eziqinile kakhulu.

Umbala travertine ixhomeke ekutheni carbonate calcium ngaphansi ezengeziwe amathonya zangaphandle phakathi kwenqubo sebethule. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke kuyoba esimhlophe (noma eduze omhlophe), ukuthi kuyaqabukela kwenzeka. Travertines main okuyingxenye ngenxa khona izinhlayiya shades isihlabathi, daka, isitshalo izinsalela libhekene ziyahlukahluka kusuka beige ukukhanya nut. Lapho ukungcola ungqimba travertine ezimhlophe izinhlayiya imvelaphi umfula, angakuthola futhi grey.

Ezinye izinto zihlanganisa inclusions onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe izingqimba kokuba imvelaphi nobumba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kumiswa travertine kwenzeka ngo izinkathi ezahlukene, ie imithombo akuzona njalo efanayo emhlabathini, washintsha inkambo yabo.

Baphi idiphozithi yanoma travertine?

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke travertine ezifakwa zitholakala e-Italy (Tivoli, etholakala eduze eRoma), eJalimane (eduze Stuttgart), Turkey (Museum idolobha Pamukkale, Site UNESCO).

Imali ngobukhulu e ezwe elaliyi-USSR kukhona e-Azerbaijan Armenia. Ngakho, Ararat esifundeni idume izimayini zayo, okuyizinto phakathi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. travertine conformable khona ngezinga eliphezulu crystallization, futhi kungakho ukuqina okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Imali Russian of tuffs calcareous kukhona endaweni Pyatigorsk futhi eKamchatka.

Futhi, kukhona travertine ezifakwa e Tajikistan, Ukraine, futhi Kyrgyzstan.

Lapho ukusebenzisa travertine? Izicelo Key

Tufa has amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kulula ukusebenza, kanjalo esetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengoba isakhiwo futhi itshe zokuhlobisa. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kuwo ukwakha izindlu, amabhuloho, izinkundla kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Isakhiwo edume kakhulu futhi mkhulu eColiseum, okwakubekelwa ngokuphelele eyakhelwe yokukhanya ophuzi travertine Roman (kusukela Sabini izintaba).

Futhi itshe esetshenziswa ukwenziwa zokwakha kanye wazisingatha okhushuliwe asidi kwenhlabathi kwezolimo.

Kodwa emazweni amaningi namuhla travertine isetshenziswa njengendlela material zokuhlobisa umhlobiso yamagceke, kokubili endlini nangaphandle.

Ngenxa travertine yokuqedela impahla

Travertine, intengo okuyinto iphansana (kusuka 5000 deda. / M ^2), ngenxa izici zayo emvumela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izinto zokuhlobisa behlobisa has eziningi eziwusizo. Primary phakathi kwabo kukhona imvelo, amandla, isithwathwa ukumelana nomswakama ukumelana.

Ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kule imibengo travertine okufana ngesimo tile, ezahlukene ebusweni sithambile futhi ibekwe phezu kwesimiso KaMose. Ngenxa amandla Ngaphandle kwezinto zalo ezibonakalayo ingasetshenziswa izindonga ikhava zamasimu noma phansi. Floor Uthwale ka tufa ukumelana nokuhuzuka. Ukunakekela kubo kuyafana unakekelwe impahla zemabula.

Futhi travertine esetshenziswa ukwenziwa etafuleni eziqongweni, ifasitela Sills, izitebhisi, ibha zokubala kanye nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho izakhi wezangaphakathi.

Isakhiwo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe we kusetshenziswa ukuvumela ukuthi ugcwalise iseli necebo ekhethekile, lapho walondoloza Luhambo travertine. Ezinye izinhlobo kwalesi silwane zifana ngokubukeka emthini, kanjalo ngokuhlanganisa kahle ezinye izinto futhi ifenisha.

Travertine kabanzi zangaphakathi ngesitayela Antique. Kulokhu, ebusweni iphathwa ukwandisa porosity kanye kunezinxushunxushu ukusabalala amaseli.

Belingana amaminerali yemvelo kusakazeke futhi mbumbulu yayo - travertine yokufakelwa. Lokhu kwaziswa akufane nombala onjani, Nokho, kuhlukile ukwakheka kanye ezinye izakhiwo.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-ukukhiqizwa usimende isetshenziswa, travertine ambozwe Lokudabuka yokufakelwa amelana kakhulu ukugqwala.