Etching - kungcono inqubo? izinhlobo etching

Etching - uhlobo art yezicathulo, ukuphrinta isithombe kusuka ujabule sokugcina. umbhalo Classical kuyinto ukuphrintwa ngokhuni, epulasitikini (linoleum) noma impahla acrylic, besika umshini wokusika ngesimo iyiphi iphethini. Isibalo okuvelayo kuleli cala lilinganiselwe. Etching - a isitayela seshidi, okuyinto ekhiqizwa usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile. At inhliziyo etching ukuphrinta - ipuleti metal, ithusi, insimbi noma ukhethe.

etching

Metal ipuleti, billet ujabule kusetshenzwe izidakamizwa ene-asidi. Ukuze steel esetshenziswa nitric acid, i-copper - chloro reactant.

I ipuleti metal ezifanele is iphucuziwe ukuze kukhanye, degreased futhi embozwe acid nemithi lacquer ekhethekile. Ngemuva omiswe, workpiece kufuze, okungase okwe zidinga sibuyekeze kamuva. Kwezinye izimo, isithombe kungenziwa eseqedile ngokuphelele. Konke kuncike okuthandwa master. Izingcweti eziningi ukuthola kudingekile ukuhleleka okuhle we ujabule, kodwa abanye bakholelwa ukuthi wabuciko akadingi ziyolungiswa. Nokho, indlela akubalulekile, kodwa umphumela wokugcina. Nokho, Etching - ubuciko real ukuthi kudinga ikhono elikhulu kokubili ukulungiselela futhi ngesikhathi kulungiselelwa kunyatheliswa ngqo.

Icubungula wesifunda

Ngemva ukuyiprinta phezu master nalutho emibi mncane inaliti abukhali yonke imizila, nokususa nge enamathela acid nemithi ezindaweni oyifunayo. Ngakho kwensimbi kuba wadalula reagent itholakala kuphela kuleyo amaphuzu lapho kuyadingeka ukwenza ekhosombeni. Ready proshtrihovannaya preform egxilile acid, futhi inqubo etching iqala. Bath nge izidakamizwa kufanele aqiniswe kumboziwe ukuze wachela. Kulokhu, kuba isiqiniseko ukuthi pholisa igumbi, ngakho umoya is hhayi bagxila anobuthi acid intuthu.

chemical izinto

Etchings - Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi kudinga izimo ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha umculi. Ukungayinaki izinyathelo zokuzivikela akuvunyelwe. izinto Chemical asetshenziswa machining of workpieces metallic ngoba etching, ayingozi ngokwanele, imiphumela zazo ezimbi emzimbeni womuntu kumele neutralized ngokuphelele, noma okungenani incishiswe. Ngemva Etching pad siphelile sagezwa ngamanzi agobhozayo, nalo nokususa upende izinsalela.

Ngokulandelayo, substrate lisetshenzisiwe inki ayizwayo lonke sekhefu. Uyinki okweqile esuswa ebusweni Tampon. Khona-ke Etching mikhondo ibhodi kwenziwa ngokucindezela. Leli phephandaba icindezelwa ukuba kumila isigxivizo ingcindezi kujika abukhali nekuphikisana. Ngakho, le ndlela etching ikuvumela ukudala imidwebo yanoma yimuphi yinkimbinkimbi; thinnest imigqa, curls, amachashazi kanye imihuzuko ezibukeka zingalungile organically. Uma inani mikhondo zamashumi kanye zamakhulu, ujabule kancane kancane kusulwe futhi ilahlekelwa umehluko. Kulokhu-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ngezikhathi ubuyekeze ebhodini, futhi esehlanganise it nge-lacquer, futhi acid-etching sijulise umdvwebo.

amafomu ukuphrinta

I ipuleti metal kusetshenzwe ngendlela efanele, futhi esikhathini esidlule inqubo pickling, ingasetshenziswa namanje izikhathi eziningana. ipuleti ngamunye ipuleti ukuphrinta, okwakwenza mikhondo etching. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi sithombe kwezobuciko. Umbhalo etching ubhekwa amafomu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu yobuciko. Lwakhiwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16.

impumelelo okudala

Ngo 1515 waphendukela inqubo Etching umdwebi odumile Albrecht Dürer, amabhodi metal yakhe etching ucwaningo babe ekuqaleni inkathi esihle lokuqopha art. Dürer kuhlanganiswe ukudalwa Classic kwendandatho etchings, kulezi zindlela ezimbili Sekuyisikhathi eside kwadingeka inani elilingana emsebenzini wakhe.

umdwebi Italian Parmigianino, master okungenakuqhathaniswa etchings, ebavusela erenki yobuciko kweqiniso. Kamuva, umdwebi-Dutch Rembrandt eyenziwe izithombe play eziyingqayizivele ukukhanya nethunzi, ngaphezu, waqala ukuqhuba kabusha etching, okwakunginika engakaze ibonwe yimpandla ukujula.

aquatint

Ngo-1765, umdwebi French Jean-Baptiste Leprens bethole indlela entsha esikhiqiza izwi eliphansi, okusikhumbuza emifanekiso. I buchwepheshe sibizwa ngokuthi i "aquatint". Ukuze isithombe sokuqala kwagxila nentaba adluliselwe kusukela tracings indlela nakalyvaniya pad bese ehlanganiswa ezindaweni ezimnyama rosin. IBhodi evuthayo, powder elicibilikile ehlanganiswa kobuso ungqimba luyimbudumbudu. izindawo Bright okucutshungulwe ngendlela evamile. Aquatint ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ndawonye ngemibala ukuphrinta, okuyinhloko yaleli su esidlule ubhekwa Francisco Goya, omunye the best-Etchers abaculi emlandweni.

Zhak Kallo

Kusukela etching - kuyinto art ezicashile, abaculi umhlabeleli zekhulu 16-18th uzama bazibonakalise e uhlobo nzima. Nokho, impumelelo ubephelezelwa kuphela abanamakhono kakhulu. Omunye amakhosi edume kunazo Etching ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17 kwaba umculi French Zhak Kallo. Umdwebi wasebenza elibuhlungu okwangempela isitayela, imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke eziyingxenye yochungechunge oluthile lwezinto ezenzeke "nokwesaba okwakudalwa yiMpi", kanye master obucacile iningi Etching ngokuthi "Hung."

izinhlobo etching

Ngekhulu le-17 oqoshiwe wangekhulu amasu asetshenziswa iconography ngempumelelo. Ummeleli we-esikoleni lase-imidwebo, umdwebi Anthony Van Deyk, waba etcher esihle, kutilolonga izibalo engcwele. art etching ivumela wasithatha ukubona izimpawu ezifihlekile zesimo iningi izithombe yisakhiwo sodumo.

Olunye uhlobo kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa kabusha etching. It eselineminyaka umshicileli. Cishe bonke imifanekiso esezincwadini izincwadi ezinyatheliswa phakathi nengxenye kwekhulu le-18 kwesibili, ke senziwe inqubo etching. Ngalesi Sithombe isitayela iyona engcono zokuhamba imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Izinombolo etholwe agqamile sekudlule kahle okushiwo indaba. Ngokomthetho isheduli etching yayitholakala, akubizi ukuzwana, futhi ikhwalithi yesithombe uhlala ezingeni eliphezulu.

Mezzotint - uhlobo kakhulu isikhathi-ukudliwa, kodwa ngempumelelo kakhulu. Kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa amathoni ngenxa "graining" kobuso ujabule. Kude kulencane ukunikeza maholoholo ukuthi ukuphrinta inikeza ushintsho oluhle kusukela ukukhanya shadow. Etchings wenza ngendlela mezzotint ezahlukene Velvety ukujula shades.

"Wokuqala" buka - izithombe kwezobuciko kakhulu ezibe kuphela amakhosi edume kunazo zonke. Ukuze abadwebi abaningi, etching isibe uhlobo uphuma khona, lapho bekwazi ukuqaphela ngokugcwele izifiso zawo zokudala. I womqophi esivelele kunazo zonke ngekhulu le-18 kuthathwa njengokuhlukumeza umakhi Italian Giovanni Piranesi, kumbhali izithombe eziningi Roman cityscapes futhi Kwasendulo. abaculi ezingengaphansi odumile we sikhathi etcher Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ,, Francisco Goya, Antuan Vatto, Canaletto, Fransua Bushe.

nokuzalwa kabusha

Ekhulwini le-19 ubuciko etching yawela labhidlika, kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya ukubukeka ukuphrinta ubuchwepheshe ngendlela ezimibalabala. Nokho, ekupheleni abaculi ekhulwini bezinhlamvu zemali ibuyelele okwamanje. etchings amasha ayisabhekwa umfanekiso ethi edition, ziye zaba nemisebenzi agcwele yobuciko, izitayela nobuciko eshadini. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kuqhamuka abadwebi eziningi French ezifana Charles-Fransua Dobini, Kamil Koro nabanye. Yena ezikhethekile inqubo etching futhi waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha umdwebi Impressionist Edouard Manet. Phakathi abaculi Russian eqopha amasu yingcweti Valentin Serov no-Ivan Shishkin. etcher American kwaba Dzheyms Uistler, Swedish - Anders Zorn eJalimane phezu kwendandatho wasebenza Adolf Mentsel.