Indlela aphila ngayo wayesebenzela Pol Gogen? I yobuciko, engaziwa abantu bangesikhathi sakhe

Washona ngo ubumpofu, ayaziswa kunanzelelwe bangesikhathi sakhe. Umdwebi, ngubani uyakhazinyuliswa inkathi post-impressionism imidwebo, kanye Van Gogh futhi Cezanne - Pol Gogen imidwebo okuyinto namuhla zifakwe uhlu imidwebo eqolo wadayiswa endalini yomphakathi futhi endalini ivaliwe. Ivame ukubizwa "abantu abalahliwe Gauguin", futhi wayebheka yena esibi kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi usola Nkulunkulu "wokungabi nabulungisa kukhohlisa kanye nelunya." Ngempela, ukufunda biography of umculi omkhulu, ubungacabanga ukuthi i isiphetho okubi ulenga phezu kwakhe zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe: nezinto eziningi ezivivinya, ukwehluleka nezifo ephelezelwa endleleni yakhe yonke yasemhlabeni, okwenza kube nzima ukuba ibe nomqondo osabalele futhi singavumeli ukunambitheka nodumo nokuqashelwa.

"Isikhathi sasebuntwaneni Colorful" futhi intsha umculi esizayo

Kanjani lasungulwa njengoba umculi, ungaqala kanjani futhi yini eyavela Gogen Pol? Umlando wakhe ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ixhunywe ne ezihambayo njalo. Shintsha izindawo, iphupho abahlala emaphethelweni yasekuqaleni unspoilt - omunye kushisekela kwakho kanye nonesifiso esijulile ukupenda. Futhi kwakukhona lokhu uthando angavamile ebuntwaneni bakhe, lapho ayehlala ezweni kanina ePeru, futhi nsuku zonke wabona ezinemibala egqamile izingubo kazwelonke, ocebile izimila zemvelo futhi ijabulele ukuba khona ngokunganaki ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Lapho kancane uPawulu ngokulambisa libe nonyaka owodwa ubudala, uyise - intatheli Klovis Gogen, a Republican - emva kuhlulekile Icebo lika antimonarhistskogo banquma ukuthuthela iFrance nasePeru, lapho umkakhe wazalwa. Nokho, endleleni uye wabulawa isifo senhliziyo. neminyaka uPawulu ukuba eziyisikhombisa wahlala futhi ngakhulela Lima in the izindlu bomfowabo kayise. Ngemva kwalokho, yena nonina kuhanjiswe ku Paris, lapho lo mfana ngokushesha wafunda isiFulentshi iziqu ngempumelelo esikoleni esiphakeme. Nokho, lolu cwaningo awuzange ukhalaze kwawo, nazo zonke imicabango babehamba ngemikhumbi. Ekugcineni, njengoba ayeke eseneminyaka engu-17, Gauguin, asisibo abokwaliwa esikoleni, useyili njengoba umshayeli umfundi. Eminyakeni ecishe ibe ngu eziyisithupha, kuba ekuvakasheni okuqhubekayo phezu kolwandle, ke babuka eNingizimu Melika naseYurophu, ukubhukuda ngamazwe aseMedithera nase North Pacific.

Broker noma umculi?

Lapho ezwa ngokufa kanina, ngo-1872, Pol Gogen wabuyela Paris, futhi ngokusekelwa umngane umndeni uGustave Arosa, wangenela inkonzo njengoba wamasheya. Yiqiniso, lokhu akukhona lokho uyinkosi uPawulu. Nokho, isikhathi esithile nguye ophethe ukuhola aphile "ukuphila okuvamile": yena ethatha Dane, bona babe nabantwana. Umndeni uhlala ngenjabulo, enginakho efulethini novalo luya luncipha ngokwengeziwe. Kule ndawo ekhethekile endlini uthatha eshabhu lakhe. Gauguin, ngaphambili ukuqoqa imidwebo kuphela, uqala ukubhala uqobo. namathafa akhe okuqala athi kakade eminyakeni 1873-1874. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wahlangana ne Impressionists futhi, kusukela ngo-1879 Ubamba lichaza yezobuciko. Manje bakhe bawuthatha ngokungathí sina lokudweba. A indima ekhethekile imisebenzi yakhe yokudala kudlalwa Edgar Degas, owayebizwa kakhulu aphoqelelwe ukuba Pol Gogen. Le midwebo, okuyinto amadlingozi, yena uthenga Degas futhi ikhuthaza ke ukwenza yomthengisi imidwebo Impressionist. Kancane kancane ukusebenza broker iqala ukuba abaphambe Gauguin ukuba imidwebo, kukhona isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1885, uPawulu enquma ukuyeka umsebenzi wakhe, ushiya abakubo eDenmark futhi waya eParis. Okwesikhathi esithile ayihlala Brittany, lapho ubhala futhi ukhuluma nge abaculi we Symbolist. Ithi ezifana ezidumile ngokuthi "Vision ngemva iNtshumayelo" futhi "Swineherd. Brittany" (okubonisa izimpilo zabantu, hhayi spoilt by impucuko).

Phuma impucuko futhi liyanda imisebenzi Gauguin

Ukuphila France akuyona ezingabizi Gauguin, ofuna ukuba azinikele lokubhala. Ngo-May 1889, ukushaya embukisweni isiko zaseMpumalanga futhi liphefumulelwe imisebenzi upende egqamile futhi ezimibalabala embukisweni, uPawulu enquma ukuya eTahiti. Kukulo muzi lapho ithalente lakhe futhi ugqozi safinyelela ukugcwaliseka eliphakeme. Kuvele paradise island adalwa imidwebo edume kakhulu futhi yimpumelelo. Ekugcineni zembula indlela umculi Pol Gogen. Painting, ezindaweni ezishisayo, libhekene ezinemibala egqamile futhi efudumele. UPawulu alivezayo ezishukiwe umzimba insikazi yomhlambi oluhlaza ( "Abesifazane lesiTahiti nge Umango izithelo") futhi isihlabathi segolide-Pinkish ( "Ingabe unesikhwele?"). Phakathi 1892 wabhala amaningi njengoba 80 imidwebo! Bona azigcini nje ngokuhluka Ngokuphambene nemibala nokwenziwa kwayo static, kodwa futhi zokuhlobisa elikhanyayo. Izibonelo zibandakanya imidwebo, eyabhalwa ngawo lowo nyaka Pol Gogen - "ngesiTahiti pastorale" - namuhla ke ichonywe Hermitage.

igalelo okusha e empilweni kaPawulu Gauguin

Ngemva kokuxoxa nomninikhaya emfushane Paris (ngenxa yokugula nezemali), lapho umculi ayelindele ukuhluleka okunqobayo (embukisweni ngokhahlo wagxeka) esikhundleni ukuqashelwa olulindelekile, wagcina wabuyela Oceania. Lapha uyaqhubeka ukusebenza, hhayi kuphela njengoMhlengi umculi kodwa njengoba umlobi, intatheli, umqophi wezithombe. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe bebukeka beneme njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule. Le midwebo libonise ukukhathazeka nokukhungatheka, bazinza inhliziyo Gauguin: ". Nevermore" "Umama", Ngo-1897 wabhala enye imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke, "Sasizitholaphi zivela? Singobani thina? Sesizoyaphi?". Ngemva kokuthola iziqu, wenza i-ukuzibulala komzamo ongaphumelelanga, ukhathele lesi sifo kanye ukudideka jikelele (ngisho 'epharadesi lasemhlabeni', sasibhekwa ikhono lokungacasuli futhi ezingasebenzi).

"Godsend" esikhundleni ukufa oyifunayo

Yathandaza kuNkulunkulu ngoba ukufa, kodwa waqhubeka uphila. isifo Ahlehla, ngokungazelelwe kwadingeka imali (kusukela Paris wathumela ama-franc 1,000, noma ezinye izithombe ingathengwa), bese umuntu wakwazi ngempumelelo uthengise imidwebo umdwebi. Igama lakhe kwakungu Ambruaz Vollar, yena yini kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ngiphuphe Pol Gogen ahlinzekwa. Le midwebo, okuyinto Wabhala: Vollard ayikwazanga ukuthola 25 ngonyaka (okuqinisekisiwe), ngaleyondlela ubophekile yena, ukukhokha umculi iholo nyanga zonke (ama-franc angu-300).

isiphetho engajabule

Kwakubonakala sengathi isiphetho wamomotheka uPawulu, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Lesi sifo waqala athole umfutho futhi, kwakunezinkinga neziphathimandla (abendawo udonse Gauguin - manje hhayi kuphela umculi kodwa futhi intatheli - kwezombusazwe). UPawulu waqala ukuthatha i-morphine, opium tincture, ukuze kudambise. Ngokushesha, watholakala eshonile (Ingabe lokhu ukufa okujwayelekile noma okunoshevu ngenhloso, akwaziwa).

Pol Gogen futhi ngegalelo lakhe kwezobuciko

Naphezu kwezinselele zokuphila kanzima kuyimpi engapheli (isifo, izimo, abantu), Pol Gogen namanje waxhumana lokho ebona ukubizwa kwakhe - lokusungula. imidwebo yakhe baye negalelo elikhulu yobuciko yesimanje. Nazi ezinye ezidumile kakhulu, okwakunginika emhlabeni Pol Gogen: "Sifazane Ubambelele Izithelo", "The Yellow Kristu", "Owesifazane nge flower", "Ukukhetha Izithelo" "Namanje Life nge Parrot", "Fun somoya esibi", "Its Vayramuati ngokuthi "ezinye.