Painter Edvard Munch: isebenza, biography

Umdwebi, omsebenzi wakhe eNtshonalanga, wagqoka par Gauguin futhi Cezanne, akwaziwa kahle eRussia. Genius, kubhekwe umdali kwenkathi entsha futhi ubani owaloba isithombe belusizi lokufa, ibe nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwemizwa okwakuvutshelwa ngayo.

Lapho esemusha, waveza ukuthi kuyofika usuku lapho phambi emidwebweni yakhe kuzosusa wonke izigqoko, sengathi esontweni, kodwa ukuqashelwa zomphakathi wayesesokhalweni kude kakhulu. "Ngaphandle imidwebo yami mina - lutho," - kanye Wavuma Edvard Munch, omisebenzi yakhe manje eyaziwa ngokuba okungaphezu umbhali yena.

Ukuze uqonde ubuciko yasekuqaleni ye umculi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi nalokho ayephila, ukudala yobuciko, "ebhalwe ngegazi inhliziyo yakhe."

ukushonelwa

Ngo-1863, e Norway kwazalelwa khona umculi, omsebenzi wakhe kuyothiwa i Umdwebo uhlobo olusha obelungekho, isiko Blow-umisiwe ubuciko. Edvard Munch, ogama biography ligcwele izenzakalo ezishaqisayo zangishiya imisebenzi yakhe, lizimelele emlandweni njengoba umdali, omsebenzi wakhe kubangela negalelo enobudlova okungokomzwelo isibukeli.

Edward uyakhumbula esengumntwana njengoba lifiphele futhi egcwele ukulahlekelwa. Ukuba walahlekelwa unina nodadewabo yakhe ayithandayo ngubani ebulawa isifo sofuba, umfana ngokudabukisayo wazibulala uhambo ekuphileni kwakhe. It is imemori yayo ukuthi isigaba esaziwa: "Ukuze imbeleko yami zathuthelekela black izingelosi ubuhlanya, ukugula, ukufa, futhi kwakulandelwa kwayo konke."

Isithombe esithile sokuthula kwangaphakathi

Ngemva kwesikole Munch ukutadisha ukuba ngama-engineer, kodwa esikhathini esithile bayaqaphela ukuthi amaphupho kuphela ukupenda. Kukhona ngisho usuku oluqondile - Novemba 8, 1888, kwaba khona-ke in idayari siqu ukuqopha ukwesaba wokuhlushwa bavele phambi ukuphila eyeve eshumini nambili ukuthi wanquma ukuba umculi.

"Ngivame uvuke endaweni izithukuthuku abandayo kanye waqalaza egumbini lakhe ukuze aqiniseke esihogweni mina" - ngasivuma ekupheleni ukuphila Edvard Munch. Isithombe umdwebi omncane waphumelela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe: akakuthandanga isithombe "enhle", ukugxila yokuthi akuyona ebonakala udonga lwangaphandle indoda.

Baveza abantu, wenza ukhonkolo ngephasi aphila kilo, kwangaphakathi: "Okuningi engekho omunye umculi, ngawakhamela isihloko sakho iconsi lokugcina, onjengami."

izisusa belusizi emisebenzini

Uchungechunge ukuhoxa edabukisayo baqhubeka - Munch kushonelwa ubaba wakhe, umfowabo omncani, dadewethu, washona ngo-umtholampilo ngenxa uphazamisekile emqondweni. Lokhu kubonakala umsebenzi umdwebi - Motifs iyinkathazo nesizungu ukufa bathola amandla angaphezulu nakakhulu. Abagxeki waphawula ukuthi umbhali kwadingeka zinekhono elimangalisayo zibukeke ukubonisa izimo nemizwelo yakho.

Ngemva ukulahlekelwa Munch kubhekwe imbangela eyinhloko zonke izinhlekelele uNkulunkulu. Yena renounces inkolo, ekufuneni ngokwabo uhlelo olusha yamanani. Uma ucabangela izwe elingenalutho, umculi siveza meaninglessness izimpilo zabantu kuphinde liyasiqinisekisa ukuthi kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubuciko ingafinyelela ukungafi.

Ngesikhathi ngisafunda at art esikoleni, Edvard Munch, ogama imidwebo kunzima ukuba kuthiwe ohlangothini olulodwa, ngokungenabugovu inikezwe art. Wayengafuni umsebenzi wakhe nje ukuhlobisa izindonga zezindlu noma iminyuziyamu. "Imidwebo yami - yilokhu Ngakubona ngokwami, idayari yami. Banikele injongo ekuphileni kwami "- wabelane umdwebi okuseduze kakhulu.

Ukuvala embukisweni

Hamba hamba emhlabeni ngajwayelana wayeyisazi izinkomba ezahlukene nezitayela kwezobuciko. Yena usimisile imisebenzi yakhe zemibukiso, kodwa kubangelwa ukukhala kakhulu emphakathini, futhi lo mbukiso yavalwa. Benkathi Ephakathi esikoleni zasendulo umdwebo kubhekwe izithombe eziyinqaba nokuthuka umbukeli, futhi Munch uqobo wabiza i anarchist. Ngemva isimemezelo kwami embukisweni othi "ugly" ukuvala imisebenzi makwaziwe futhi intsha okuqhubekayo uqale ubunyoninco izithombe ihlazo.

Nokwethuka empilweni yakho

Ejwayele isizungu insizwa ebalekela ubudlelwano abesifazane, ibanika indima ebulalayo e isiphetho abo bonke abantu. I ubulili fair wa ngaphakathi thanda nga kuyikhono nomdlandla ongaziwa enamehlo evutha, kodwa Munch babekholelwa ukuthi imizwa enamandla buthaka iphuzu yayo ukudala.

umculi Akwaziwa indaba abanothando nendodakazi umthengisi ezihloniphekayo, yaphela kabuhlungu kokubili: intombazane esilawulayo owaba umthwalo insizwa wazama ubuthi kuye osezwile kusukela Edward mayelana ngokwahlukana, futhi ngemva kwaso ngokoqobo ababuyiswe isifile, udubuleke yingalo umdwebi.

iloli Nervous nasekwelashweni kwezifo kungakephuzi

Wakhuthazela imisebenzi eminingana futhi walahlekelwa umunwe, Munch yayikhathazekile ngekusasa lakhe kwezobuciko. Ngo umculi mnyewu ke iqala icala wangempela ukushushiswa mania. imizwa yakhe lidlule kaningi, futhi umculi waphula abantu okungahleliwe. Wayengase beat ngisho labo, ngokombono wakhe, amazwana engathandeki ngaye. ukuhlaselwa njalo ayehambisana izenzo ezinodlame nomthofu Munch e esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo, lapho ziphathwe electroshock.

Umdwebi wayazi ukuthi wayengeyedwa ekubhekaneni ukuluthwa utshwala kanye nokucindezeleka, futhi wathumela usizo uchwepheshe. Mangisho ukuthi lesi sifo akamshiyanga futhi emva kokwelashwa eside. Kodwa Edward wawuthabatha, ecabanga ukuthi wawusuphelile umsebenzi wakhe is atehlukaniseki ukuba iloli engqondo.

Ukuthandwa ezingalindelekile

Ngemva ukwelashwa olunzulu Munch ikhishwe. "Akukho lula kangaka ukuphuma. Zonke imibuzo ongeke uphenduleke ngendlela ofuna ngayo. Udinga ukuqagela kulokho okulindele odokotela, noma uhlale lapho kuze kube phakade, "- izinkumbulo wabelane ka Edvard Munch. Imisebenzi umculi okhazimulayo isikhathi asichitha esibhedlela, sekuthandwa.

Nina makhosi, qhubekani owaba ngobusuku obubodwa abadumile, bangiphonsa izipesheli zemibukiso emhlabeni, futhi abaqoqi yangasese. Kodwa "emnyama Norwegian" njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi abantu besikhathi, kwaba ekujaheni sokumukisa ingane yabo. Wayengeke ngaphandle kokubona imidwebo yakhe.

Ekumeni njengoba ukudluliselwa komphefumulo womuntu

Umculi Edvard Munch wahosha yonke imibono ngaphakathi kuye, ezama ukusiza lakhe lokusungula kwabanye ukuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi ukuphila futhi zichaza injongo yayo. Ngemva kuka-1900, yena kudala iqoqo ekumeni, abe uhlobo ezinkulu emsebenzini wakhe. Lawa kwakungamadodana imisebenzi esimnandi okuyinto izintambo obucayi komphefumulo womuntu abaphenywe. Umdwebi azange abhale oda ekumeni of labo wayenolwazi oluncane, futhi uthumele kuphela ukufana zangaphandle kwaba unganelisekile.

Ukudala e zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina

Kodwa isikhathi kamuva abagxeki abaningi yenkosi baye bakuqaphela akuphumelelanga kakhulu. Edvard Munch, omisebenzi yakhe bagcwala imibono ejulile zefilosofi, kodwa wathola ababuthakathaka ngokuya ubuciko, uye wasebenza kanzima e eshabhu lakhe. isitayela sakhe ishintshile ngenjongo yokubi, nezithombe ezidwetshiwe imivimbo anolaka, udumazeke abalandeli babo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbhali wahlushwa isifo samehlo, ngenxa okuyinto kamuva wayeka ngokuphelele ukusebenza.

Munch wafa ekuqaleni kuka-1944, eduze Oslo, phakathi kweJalimane. Akazange amane abashiye ngemva kokufa abafundi, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ehlukile siqu kakhulu futhi subjective.

"Ntombazane Sick": zivalelisa kudadewabo othandekayo

"Yonke into engakwenza imisebenzi, ubophekile ukuba ukuzalwa kwalo ifilimu" - wake wavuma Munch. "Ntombazane Sick" - owokuqala imisebenzi yakhe, umculi Yaduma. amanxeba ajulile ngemva kokufa izihlobo ku ebuntwaneni washiya uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on the umphefumulo umfana izwele. Echaza ukufa sofuba udade, futhi izisusa yokugula ekhulile kanye nokufa ngokuvamile badabula umsebenzi wakhe.

Iminyaka engamashumi amane, Munch kabavumelanga nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo udadewabo abathandekayo, futhi azidalile izinguqulo ezinhlanu lesi sithombe, ngaphansi ukugxekwa okukhulu okuvela emphakathini. Echaza intombazane umsebenzi sakhe esezokufa, futhi ibona eziphawuleka yenguquko umsebenzi umculi, ezaziholwa yokusabela ihlazo omphakathi ngendlela enokhahlo yokubhala futhi inkulumo imizwa esenqatshelwe kakhulu - ukuhlupheka, ngibuhlungu womuntu.

Ukushushiswa baxgeki nokungaqondi yomphakathi

Ilokhu ukulalela icala ukucindezeleka futhi formlessness wethulwa izilaleli isebenza mnyewu Edvard Munch. Isithombe anamagama ukuthi dwebela le nhlekelele ezijulile nokuqhubeka ubuhlungu nombhali, akuzange kwamukelwe ngumphakathi, singayithandi indwangu siphelile, bakude art enengqondo. Abagxeki benza kabi ukuhlaselwa umculi futhi ngokuthi indalo yakhe ngokungagwegwesi kuhlulekile.

A umdwebi abahlakaniphe waphoqeleka ukulwela inkululeko e lokusungula, nsuku zonke ebhekene ngendelelo okwakusobala nokuhlekwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlupheka inzalo, okuxhunyanwa isimo somuntu, kunokuba ukubukeka kwayo. Munch badalelwa hhayi eshelelayo yi canons ejwayelekile yobuciko imidwebo, ngokoqobo ngishaqekile ababephila ngesikhathi yangempela yokuphila.

Umdwebo Engaqondakali "The Scream"

Umkhiqizo liyabonakala kakhulu wayeyisazi master - okuxhunyanwa yangempela yomuntu horror mdwebo "The Scream". Munch, owayehlushwa Ingebhe ezivulekile, kuvezwa umlingisi losemcoka, onomuzwa okuthile ukuba nobutha. Futhi ukwesaba Amazing balawulwa kuye kuphela, futhi izibalo ezimbili ngemuva kwenkulumo ukuthula, ngaphandle kokuzwa Bomoya.

Abacwaningi we umdwebi Norwegian bayichezukisa ukucabanga ukuthi sewebhu eyabhalwa obuku engqondo ukugula Munch. isidalwa Sexless, wavula umlomo wakhe, nekhanda lakhe ezandleni zakhe, hhayi ukuzwa Screams esibi angase baye bashukunyiswa yile ngendlela mummy, obonile Umbukiso Norwegian.

Naked ezinzwa Munch

Lokho simele umsebenzi ongaziwa futhi udangele "Scream"? Munch babekholelwa ukuthi umuntu emzabalazweni nemvelo uzochitheka. Isithombe kokuba ophucwa emgodleni avikelayo, futhi ngamunye amabutho angaphandle kumenza ukudabuka ngendlela engakholeki. Uhlamvu main - ungumdali, nezinzwa yakhe nqunu aphendvule zonke touch. Zidla bavikelekile ukukhala zemvelo, futhi lesi sibalo uboniswa hero ukusabela okungokwemvelo bethukile indoda, Obalekela izingozi yangempela noma benomuzwa wokuthi baphathwe.

elidumile

Ekuqaleni umdwebo ngokuthi "Ukukhala nemvelo." Yilokho, ukuthuthumela yinjabulo, wazizwa umlobi e 1892 e Nice. Mhlawumbe akumangazi ukuthi nge isithombe esinjalo belusizi ahlobene ezingaqondakali isiqalekiso noma ubani oza kuye nganoma iyiphi contact. Abasebenzi uthumele isithombe, bazibulale ngenxa zekhanda ezinamandla, watheleka phakathi kuyingozi embi kakhulu. Kwabonakala ngendwangu isivakashi ukwazi zasha zangqongqa endlini yakhe.

Isithombe nibaluleke ukudlula $ 70 million ngokuphindaphindiwe wathunjwa, kodwa yena njalo wabuya Munch Museum e-Oslo. Isibhakabhaka okwesabisayo ukusungulwa on ngendwangu, kuthinta psyche zombuki, futhi leli qiniso ngokwesayensi iqinisekisiwe.

Akekho owaziyo ukuthi lokho kwakuyindlela ingoti, asuse imiphefumulo yabantu, noma imidwebo ngempela ezingaqondakali has isiphetho okubi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa izivakashi Museum ozama yokuyizungeleza.

I- "Consolation". I ihluzo ngombala omnyama nomhlophe

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki isithombe omnyama nomhlophe abantu ababili abahlezi enqunu lodonga isizinda wadala ngo-1894 namanje Munch elaziwayo elincane. I- "Consolation" - Wasebiza umsebenzi wakhe ingcaca, namaqiniso okuxhunyanwa yithemba usizi owesifazane, wafaka wakhe Unikela yakhe ebusweni izinyembezi zigcwele. ngobumnene wayo igudla ehlombe lomuntu, kodwa isenzo sakhe ukuzola kungadambisa unhlangothi ezingalindelekile ukudalelwa owabhubhisa ukuphila serene womngane wakhe.

Ihluzo Munch - ezweni ahlukene, lapho wamuka izithombe enemininingwane kusikhungo sosizo ukuze nje okungaqondile. I- "Consolation" kwaba omunye wemisebenzi yokuqala ingcaca ngu Norwegian abadumile.

Isithombe-sicasulwa "Madonna"

Kikho koke ukuphila kwakhe nokuhlupheka Munch sika "Madonna" okuyinto ufana kangako ajwayelekile isithombe zakudala, owawusekelwe imizwa yakhe imfihlo on ngendwangu. Wayecabangela owesifazane imfihlakalo kubantu bonke: "Ungcwele nonya, izidakamizwa nokuhlupheka. Le ndoda ubani ngendlela yokusangana. "

Ngokudabukisayo ubuhlobo nendodakazi yakhe usihlehlisile iwayini yomthengisi uphawu umphefumulo le ndoda, okukholakala ukuthi ubuhle owesifazane kubuhlungu futhi iyingozi. "Madonna" umculi alihlobene neze ubungcwele nobumsulwa. Akhiwe ecstasy owesifazane nokuvala amehlo akhe kusuka ukukhathala waphonseka emizweni. Wakhe blue izinwele refluent ziyoncibilika kusengathi kubabangele engotini lenkhulu. ngendwangu belusizi isizinda okuphazamisayo futhi ezisikisela okuthile okunjengesitsha usongo esintwini sisonke.

Munch ukudala umsebenzi lapho uthando buhlobene eduze ukuphela kokuphila emhlabeni, ngangifuna ukuba kudlule bonke izigaba, okuyinto wesifazane - kusukela ekuhlaleni kwesisu kanye size sibelethe ukufa. Futhi izilaleli wazizwa isithombe ngempela inhlamba, okuyinto kuphela enikeza nokubingelela efana nomfanekiso ezakha Madonna.

"Ukuhlukana": ubuhlungu yokwehlukana

Kuleli phephandaba, ngafaka isicelo sokuba ezintathu Edvard Munch Umdwebo isitayela. "Ukuhlukana" Kulotshiwe emva nesipiliyoni othandweni ubudlelwano umdwebi, uhlukanisa iphethini isithombe esidlule nesamanje. Uhlola emhlabeni zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zokuhlupheka kwabantu, uvezwa ubuso belusizi ngesandla sakhe olunegazi enhliziyweni. Kwesokudla Munch ababethi ingubo egqamile intombazane azikubheki. Umbhali ugcizelela ukuthi kokuba belahla iqhawe uzama ukukhohlwa lowo owabangela kuye ukuhlupheka okungaka, futhi ubuso bakhe kusulwe unaphakade ngekhanda lakhe.

Ngqo phambi indoda ke kuyinto efana isitshalo ongaziwa noma isidalwa amakhanda amabili. izidakamizwa Red elibukeka okuqinile ekuqaleni sisondela ngokungenakuvinjelwa kuklebhukile. Sasebenzisa surrealism, kufanekisa futhi Art Nouveau eveza usizi ngokuhlukana.

Ukungafi imidwebo

Unesizungu Futhi kunzima bukhomba nabantu Edvard Munch, omisebenzi yakhe ezifakazela ithalente lakhe undoubted, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kubangelwe kakhulu ngokuxazulula ngomsebenzi wakhe, esasibonisa ubuntu ziyangqubuzana umlobi. Ubani akazange ufisa ukuba ahlukane ne imidwebo abaye bahlupheka futhi amaphupho uhlangane nabo ndawonye, Munch siyaqhubeka bahlala imidwebo yakhe, wenzé him ngafi.