Abaculi Modern - Ummeleli we isitayela yesimanje

Direction e Art, usuthandwa kule minyaka eyishumi yokugcina yekhulu XIX and zakuqala XX leminyaka, ngokuhlanganisa notshwala ezifana expressionism, abstractionism, cubism, Dadaism, Futurism, Surrealism, ngokuthi yesimanjemanje. Kuyinto inhlanganisela wesitayela iziqondiso in umdwebo ekuqa- ekhulwini.

Kuyini Art Nouveau?

Ngenxa yalokho, abaculi yesimanje kungaba ngezakwa iyiphi yalezi zindawo, okuyinto kwavela omunye komunye, ukuba into entsha maqondana kulowo odlule. Kusukela moderne French elihunyushwe ngokuthi "yesimanje". Art Nouveau bamukela zonke emazweni Europe naseMelika. Abaningi babo ayenakho amagama abo: Art Nouveau, Art Nouveau, "ekupheleni kwekhulu", Liberty nabanye. Bonke limelela ohlangothini olusha e art, ngokuyisisekelo eliye aziboniswa bomhlaba wangempela, futhi ukudluliswa Canvas emhlabeni yabo subjective lomuntu zokudala. Ezinye amaphepha abonisa ukuthi umculi-modernist ophika amagugu amasiko, kwabanye kubikwa ukuthi wenqaba imigca lecondzile nama-engeli. Khona-ke lokho Cubism? Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka zazinengi kangaka imisinga ezahlukene, izitayela, amaqembu kanye nemiphakathi, Sibhalwe nabanekhono abasha, futhi izwi ngezinye izikhathi elihlakaniphile, futhi Umkhuba omusha uye wahlanganisa bonke umbono jikelele kabusha izwe ngaphansi banner yakhe abamunye zonke izimbongi Russian of esifanayo Isiliva Age.

Youth njalo kudinga izibuyekezo

Ngokuvamile, izinto babengamadoda abasha, abanamakhono, yokuqala, bonke babeyizidumbu ezithakazelisayo bonke, bamzonda izisekelo nanifuna ukukufinyelela inkulumo ethi esiphezulu, ukudala imihlaba yabo ngaphakathi picture efanayo. Ngokuqinisekile, yesimanjemanje - ukuba silandele isitayela esithile yokucabanga kwezobuciko. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isitayela yesimanje yokudweba kanye izakhiwo wazala igama ngokunembile eRussia futhi Yiqiniso, kwadingeka izici zayo siqu kazwelonke. Kukhona umbono esinayo, yena waba ngandlela-thile anyakaza, kwakungekho evelele ecacile. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi eRussia lonke eziningi - eziningi abaculi abakhaliphile eziningi ezikoleni kanye izitayela, futhi imuphi umbono wokuthi uphuma ngaphandle, iba nemibala kazwelonke.

School of Art Nouveau eRussia

Russian modernist abaculi ezifana Bilibin futhi Borisov-Musatov, Vasnetsov futhi Vrubel futhi Golovin, Malyutin futhi Nesterov, modernist zesifazane Golubkina, Polenova Yakunchikova emsebenzini wakhe eyathinta mkhuba eYurophu, kodwa ngiyikhiphile kuzici yesimanje kazwelonke kanye nomphakathi. Lesi sitayela usukela kwezinye imisebenzi Kandinsky futhi Korovin, Levitan and Petrov-Vodkin, Roerich futhi Serov. Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka eRussia kwakukhona izincwadi ezikhuthaza imibono Art Nouveau - nyangazonke umagazini "Balance", omagazini "Art and Art Imboni" futhi "World of Art", izibalo ehola naye emelelwa amakghonwabo Russian Art Nouveau. Bhá wabo Bakst futhi Benois, Dobuzhinsky futhi Somov. Ngenxa yalaba izibongo ungacabanga lesi sendlalelo ezinamandla ezahlukene, kodwa onobunye ngumuntu endaweni ezivamile lokusungula wamathalenta.

Laba bameleli be-bhá we isitayela

umculi modernist Ivan Yakovlevich Bilibin (1876-1942 GG.), The odumile ncwadi lochaza futhi isigaba umklami, kwaba ilungu "World of Art". isithombe sakhe NGUBORIS Kustodiev 1901 lidlulisela ngokuphelele umfanekiso Bohemians omele wedolobha kanye Art Nouveau. amazwi Specific ufanelwe Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910 GG.). abaculi Modern, eyandulela ka kufanekisa nge isitayela yokuqala esiyingqayizivele sokulotshwa, akunjalo ohlonishwayo bangesikhathi sakhe, futhi Stasov futhi isilahle. On umsebenzi lo mculi nge ukufa kabuhlungu namanje phikisana. imifanekiso yakhe ukuba M. Yu. Lermontova emangalisayo, ngokuthi Block imidwebo Vrubel imidwebo kwendle Kwebiwe iphakade. Umculi kubhekwa umsunguli Russian modernist isitayela, kwaba ngezinye lwaluvelaphi.

Ubuningi ithalente eRussia ekuqa- epoch

Enye ovelele, emelela Russian Umdwebo modernist kuyinto Nikolay Rerih (1874-1947 GG.), Ubani kwaholela inhlangano "World of Art". Yena wayengumbulali ubuntu ezihlukahlukene. Ekuphileni kwalo konke, bobabili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, lapho thutha ngo-1917, wabhala imidwebo ezingaphezu kuka 7,000. Kodwa Roerich wayesalokhu umbhali, umvubukuli, isazi sefilosofi eyimfihlakalo isihambi, futhi isibalo somphakathi. Omunye imidwebo yakhe edume kunazo zonke, ezibhaliwe ngalesi sikhathi, - "izivakashi zaphesheya kwezilwandle" ngo-1901.

Russian Art Nouveau kwaba ngumkhuba enamandla ayezithathele phezu ezobuciko, ubungcweti, izincwadi, umkhakha nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Inani ithalente okungavamile, basuke bagxila izihloko ezimbili, kucatshangelwe kokubili isakhiwo Art Nouveau zezwe elisha wayephezu ngokushesha. Revolution modernists abaningi abazange bathathe - efudukela, kanye isiqondiso alawula umsebenzi abaculi Soviet baba okwangempela sezenhlalo.

Emfushane, kodwa isiqondiso elikhanyayo kakhulu

The best imidwebo modernist, zabuna zamanje kuhlobisa zonke iminyuziyamu zomhlaba. Kwangezikhathi amagugu eminyuziyamu yaseRussia. Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Roerich, Kustodiev nezinye liyabonakala futhi bethandwa. Ngubani akazi Vasnetsov namaqhawe noma Vrubel sika I Swan Princess, futhi Demon yakhe noma Pan? Beautiful, engaqondakali, ezingaqondakali, nenhle futhi eyingqayizivele, kubafanele yini ngisho isikhathi esifushane, kodwa stratum olukhulu art Russian.

Kufinyeta, singasho ukuthi abameleli ejwayelekile kakhulu, lo yesiteleka kakhulu abaculi modernist kwekhulu lama-20 - kuyinto Alfons Muha, Edvard Munch, Pol Gogen futhi bakithi - Ivan Bilibin, Mikhail Vrubel futhi uNikolay Rerih.