Non-ayoni izinsimbi: izici nezindawo ukusetshenziswa. Ukucubungula izinsimbi non-ayoni

izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi Alloys zabo kabanzi embonini. Wabo ukukhiqiza imishini, amathuluzi, izinto, kanye nokwakhiwa benza. Isicelo Basuke ngisho atholakala ubuciko, ezifana ukwakhiwa izikhumbuzo kanye ukubaza. Yiziphi izinsimbi non-ayoni? Iziphi izici musa abanakho? Ake uyithole.

Yiziphi izinsimbi?

Ekuqaleni lolu cwaningo okuthiwa "metal" kuhlanganisa futhi amaminerali kanye netshe, ukuhlukanisa umqondo waqala ukubonwa ngekhulu XVI. Izinsimbi - kukhona izinto ezilula ukuthi ifa izimfanelo ezithile. I izici ezibaluleke kakhulu conductivity ezishisayo kanye conductivity kagesi, ductility, metallic sheen, plasticity okusezingeni eliphezulu namandla kanyekanye.

Ngesikhathi Periodic Table abasolwa zihlanganisa 94 isici. izakhiwo Chemical, bahlukene zibe ane-alikhali, zesikhashana, ukukhanya, lanthanides, actinides, lulwimi izinsimbi, nokunye. D. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, zingabantu ekuqaleni esimweni okuqinile.

Omunye metal ethandwa kakhulu ukusebenzisa - yensimbi. Alloys equkethe yensimbi, okuthiwa amatshe ayoni, embonini hlala ehlukile niche umkhakha. Lezi zihlanganisa Alloys ezifana yensimbi nensimbi. Ukuze izinsimbi ayoni ngezinye izikhathi kubhekiselwa chromium kanye manganese. Abanye ezinemibala.

izinsimbi non-ayoni

Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi "non-ayoni". Kuqhathaniswa abamnyama, awayona kakhulu ekuthonyweni ukugqoka, abe ukumelana nokuzabalazela umlilo. izinsimbi non-ayoni ikhululekile futhi kulula ukucubungula. Zingase yakha Alloys acid nemithi.

Basuke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu eziningana, kuye ngokuthi Izakhiwo nekwenteka. Ngakho, kukhona izinsimbi ezisindayo nokukhanya. It kungokwalabo wokuqala phambili, ithini, i-zinc, kanye yesibili - magnesium, beryllium, lithium kanye ne-aluminium. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, i-tungsten kwachazwa ngokuthi refractory.

Behlukene njengoba izinsimbi eyivelakancane neyigugu. I ezingavamile uyalandisa tantalum, molybdenum, Radium, cindezela. Ababona eyejwayelekile ungqimba lomhlaba, futhi ukucubungula kwabo kunzima. izinsimbi Noble noma oluyigugu ngokuphelele hhayi nokugqwala futhi ube ayebuthaka ekhethekile. Bethula igolide, i-platinum, isiliva, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, Iridium.

Ukucubungula yokukhiqiza

Isizinda nokucutshungulwa izinsimbi non-ayoni akudzingi umtfombo ezingaphezu kuka ukwelashwa yensimbi, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje lingandile kangako. I imikhando ngokuvamile aqukethe kufike ku 5% we-ejenti ezuzisayo ukuthi isetshenziswa umkhakha. Ngokushesha ngemva isizinda ore okucebisayo, buhlukaniswe gangue, ukwandisa okuqukethwe lensimbi.

Ngokulandelayo, is phansi izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ukushintsha osayizi, bobunjwa, izimfanelo. Izinyathelo indlela nokucubungula amasu axhomeke ukusetshenziselwa injongo ethile. izinsimbi non-ayoni kungafaka udini yabo, ukucindezela, ekwakheni, Welding, nokunye. D. Ukuze ezithile izimfanelo zabo yayihlangana. I Alloys eyaziwa kakhulu zenziwa aluminium anodized, Babbitt, ithusi, silumin, ngethusi.

Ethandwa kakhulu ezimbonini non-ayoni izinsimbi - aluminium nethusi. silwenza yabo Russia, e-USA, i-Italy, eJalimane, eJapane, e-Australia, naseLatin America. ezimayini Iningi zethusi eChile. Guinea ku umholi emakethe emhlabeni ekukhiqizeni bauxite ekukhiqizeni phambili - Austria, ithini - Indonesia. South Africa lifaka lokuqala emsebenzini wokukhiqiza zegolide nezesiliva misela eMexico.

Ukusetshenziswa izinsimbi

izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi Alloys zabo kukhona izinto ezihlukahlukene. Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, nsuku zonke kumele abhekane nabo. Benza umnyango izibambo, amabhodwe, kettles, futhi digital ekhaya Imishini, ifenisha, izibani nokuningi.

Basuke kabanzi ukwakhiwa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene kanye namathuluzi. Of nalabo abenziwe wire, ngezikulufo, amantongomane, ngezikulufo, izinzipho, wenze ucwecwe izingqimba ezinobukhulu ezahlukene, amaqembu, amashidi futhi amashubhu.

izinsimbi non-ayoni Site womshini imishini emikhulu, ngenxa yalokho obusetshenziswa embonini yezokuvikela. Ewonke alula kakhulu ukwedlula yensimbi, ngakho wasebenzisa lapho kwakudingeka amandla futhi ukudlala ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezifana izimoto, imikhumbi, ngwenya bese izindiza.

Copper isetshenziswa izakhiwo, lapho yokukhiqiza amapayipi. Ukuze ukuqina yengezwe negolide ubucwebe womshini. Ukuhola yengezwe inki, isetshenziselwa wiring, womshini zezibhamu neziqhumane. I-lithium oludingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe amabhethri alikhali ngenxa yokukhanya e electronics, ukuze imithi.

Izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

I metal ezivamile e ungqimba lomhlaba - aluminium. Phakathi kwazo zonke izakhi evulekile eyesithathu, ngemuva-mpilo ne-silicon. Ngokungafani ke kukhona ezingavamile rhenium metal ngokwemvelo, yaqanjwa emfuleni German Rhine.

Lithium elula. It has a kwabantu ongaphakeme, ngakho ngisho sintanta e kaphalafini. Lithium kuyinto ezinobuthi futhi kubangela ukusha phezu kwesikhumba futhi ukuluma. Lilondolozwe flasks ekhethekile ngamafutha amaminerali noma upharafini.

kubhekwe kakhulu i-tungsten refractory. Ingahle elicibilikile ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla 3422 degrees celsius thumba - at 5555 degrees. Ngenxa yalesi sici isetshenziselwa intambo e ama ukukhanya kinescopes.