Amabutho okulondoloza njengoba imibono yokungabi nandaba zezombusazwe

Umsuka conservatism njengoba imibono yokungabi nandaba zezombusazwe babekwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Lokhu akusona isimanga, uma ubheka umlando lesi sikhathi ngokuya yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Industrial Revolution, elaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, kuye kwaholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu isimiso sezomnotho nenhlangano nomphakathi. Lapha esinazo emqondweni, okokuqala, ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ubudlelwane kosozimali okusekelwe ukuhweba kanye nokuncintisana, kanti okwesibili, bulukhuni elandayo lezisebenzi babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini: ukuvela lezo zigaba kuwo, onxiwankulu nesigaba sabasebenzi. Esidala uhlelo izinduna ka ukulimela ukuziphilisa owayefa, futhi bafa ngokujulile ukubaluleka kwaso. Endaweni yabo beze imibono emisha, ithuthukiswe ikakhulukazi ngokuposa ongqondongqondo ezikhathini zanamuhla: John Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, Thomas Hobbes, Charles Lakho nabanye.

The French Revolution futhi amabutho olandelanayo

Empeleni, lo mcimbi isibe inani eliphakeme kunawo wonke okungenani evula ekuthuthukiseni zomlando of Europe. Waqale lwenteke umqondo French Ukukhanyiselwa we semthethweni kwavukelwa abantu ngokumelene "okubi" nkosi. Ubunikazi yokugcina uye ekugcineni saphela inviolable. Inguquko baba yisibonelo sokulandelwa zonke ezinye izizwe zaleli zwekazi futhi wanikeza ekuqaleni kuze kumiswa izinhlangano zomphakathi zikazwelonke. Nokho, French Revolution kakhulu Amakhasi amnyama emlandweni walo. Okokuqala, kubalulekile Terror Robespierre sika. Impendulo ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu mass baba abadumile ukusebenza eyiNgisi Edmund Burke. Ngo "Ukucabanga phezu Revolution eFrance" yakhe, wagcizelela phezu ezingezinhle kanye nezenzo ezinonya ukuthi aye wayilethela abantu abaningi ngaleso sikhathi. Kuyinto lokhu iphamfulethi futhi kwakuyisiqalo conservatism njengenhlangano Amathrendi yamaSoviet, inikeza ukuba simelane engalawuliwe amaza Liberals. Phakathi XIX futhi XX leminyaka, ngokwengxenye, wathola eside isisekelo ezincwadini Izisekelo zawo eziyisisekelo.

Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka ageleze

Empeleni, umqondo wegama elithi "conservatism" livela egameni lesi Latin "converso" - ukulondoloza. amabutho okulondoloza nasemseni wokulondolozwa jikelele oda bendabuko kanye namagugu: kwezenhlalo, ezombusazwe kanye ngokomoya. Ngakho, ngo-inqubomgomo yasekhaya wakhuthaza namasiko omphakathi. Lokhu esikweni lesizwe, ukushisekela ubuzwe, emakhulwini eminyaka esungulwe zokuziphatha, i-igunya umphakathi phezu siqu, isikhundla onegunya letikwatiko, ezifana imikhaya, izikole zasendaweni, amasonto ngokuqhubeka yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle (leyo, eqinisweni, iyona kulondolozwe amasiko). Umsebenzi amabutho olandelanayo e inqubomgomo angaphandle kuhilela ukubheja ukudalwa isimo oqinile, eyakhelwe uhlelo phezulu. Wamukelwa ukuthuthukiswa eziseqhulwini ezingaba lempi yezwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla e kwamaZwe, kulondolozwe Izinyunyana ngokomlando bendabuko, umumo okhululekile in namanye amazwe.

neoconservatism

i-oda entsha amabutho olandelanayo ngempela abavuma isidingo ukuthuthukiswa. Nokho, ziyisici esivuna kabusha ngiqaphe futhi ngihlakaniphe unhurried. Izibonelo sababekholelwa somgomo wokusetshenziswa kwezilimi eziningi zingakhiqiza uMongameli US uRonald Reagan kanye uNdunankulu waseBrithani uMargaret Thatcher.

amabutho okulondoloza futhi okungezona olandelanayo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi conservatism iqoqo elithile imisinga zezombusazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, wobushiqela - ke ubuye ngempela olandelanayo ngoba, ukubeka at inhliziyo amandla kahulumeni nobukhulu. Umphikisi okulondoloza ukhonza uhla notshwala ehlukile kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele: Liberals, ephikisana ngalo futhi esitheni kanye amabutho ngoludala, SOC, bangamakhomanisi nokunye.