Isazi sefilosofi Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich: Biography, umnikelo isayensi, izincwadi

Orientalist, isazi sefilosofi, isazi, umbhali, futhi umsunguli esikoleni semiotic Pyatigorsk Alexander Moiseevich Ngazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1929. Phakathi nempi wayeyisosha waxoshelwa Nizhny Tagil. Wathweswa iziqu kusukela eMoscow State University (Faculty of Philosophy), wafundisa iminyaka eminingi ngesikhathi kwaseStalingrad esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi kusukela ngo-1956 wasebenza Isikhungo Oriental Izifundo ngaphansi kobuholi Yu. N. Reriha, lapho wavikela mqondo yakhe emlandweni izincwadi zangenkathi ephakathi. Okulandelayo Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich wafunda semiotics kulolu cwaningo, i-University of Tartu.

Biography, izincwadi

Idolobha lasekhaya ngoba Aleksandra Pyatigorskogo wayehlale eMoscow, umuzi lapho amisa khona wazalwa ngo-January 30, 1929. Umndeni wakhe wadumazeka ufundile futhi ukhaliphile, malchku wanika imfundo yekhethelo. Ubaba, umsekeli odumile unjiniyela steelmaker, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi abaqeqeshiwe eJalimane naseNgilandi bebheke uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Umkhaya wachitha impi Nizhny Tagil, lapho eneminyaka engu-nanye Aleksandr Pyatigorsky waqala ukusebenza efektri.

Ngo-1951 wathola iziqu Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University kanye wathunyelwa kwaseStalingrad, lapho efundisa esikoleni. Ngo-1973, washiya izwe sahlala eNgilandi, lapho ozongitshela e-University of London futhi uye wahlanganyela izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zethelevishini nezomsakazo. Wabhala izincwadi eziningana art futhi yanyathelisa uhlelo Kusaphazwa amaqoqo siqu izihloko zesayensi. imisebenzi Main yobuciko ohlwini olungezansi.

• "I ifilosofi alley." London 1989.
• "Khumbula ndoda engajwayelekile." Moscow, 1999.
• "Tales futhi Amaphupho". Moscow, 2001.
• "Abantu sidilizwa emzini." Moscow, 2001.
• "Ukucabanga ukubukela." Riga 2002.
• "Ingxoxo engapheli." Moscow, 2004.
• "Isazi sefilosofi Mahhala Pyatigorsk". Petersburg, 2015.

umndeni

Ubaba wesazi sefilosofi Pyatigorsk - protege uMose Gdalevich Soviet, techie, owayemazi ngokuseduze zonke mayelana izinsimbi kanye steel, ezifundiswa esikoleni esiphakeme, baya kumsukela isayensi umkhuba, ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho ezimbonini eJalimane naseNgilandi. By the way, akekho ekhaya, kuhlanganise UMose wawuphendula ngokwakhe Pyatigorsk, ukucindezelwa ayikaze, naphezu umsuka, isimo sabo emphakathini, ubuzwe (amaJuda) okwesikhathi eside uhlale phesheya. Le ndoda yayingeve ku ukuphila impilo enhle kakhulu, kuphela isigamu ngonyaka akazange aphile isikhathi eside kuze kube iminyaka eyikhulu. Kuqhathaniswa uyise, wafa esemncane Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Usuku lokuzalwa nosuku nokufa bahlukana eneminyaka engu-amashumi ayisishiyagalombili nanye. Umama singaveli ososayensi kodwa umndeni edumile kakhulu ingcebo, kodwa futhi, ngokuvumelana Alexander Moiseevich, "wafa esemncane" - yayinokuphazamiseka ayisishiyagalombili nesikhombisa.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

Kusukela ngo-1960, yaqala ukushicilela ibhuku lakhe, kuqala soavstorstve (Nokho ubuqambi ngokuvamile kuphakama nangaso sonke zokuphila). Imatasa Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich nemisebenzi kwamalungelo wobuntu, kule minyaka engu-70 nengxenye imibuthano usekela ukunyakaza ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni, kuhlanganise iqhaza layo - Ginzburg, Sinyavsky, uDaniyeli. Ngo-1973, wakwazi yathuthela eJalimane, bese - e-United Kingdom. Nge kabusha Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich ngiqala ukuthola imiklomelo ezivela ezweni, okuyinto ushiye engaba-ngamashumi amathathu edlule (Andrei Bely uMklomelo inoveli yakhe "Khumbula ndoda engajwayelekile", umklomelo we-Institute of Philosophy of RAS).

izilimi ezaziwa kahle, ikakhulukazi ezingavamile, njenge-Sanskrit zezigodi Tibetan, ukuhumusha Buddhist nemibhalo wamaHindu. Uye ebhaliwe amanoveli eziningana futhi omningi ucwaningo kulo mkhakha. Uye lectured ngezihloko wefilosofi zezombusazwe cishe emhlabeni wonke, ngokuba Uprofesa e-University of London. Okunenkanyezi e ifilimu - "azingela izimvemvane", "Isazi sefilosofi waphunyuka", "Umoya ohlanzekile inkululeko yakho," "Hitler, Stalin, Gurdjieff," "Shantrapa". Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky wafa eLondon ngo-2009 esuka yokumelwa yinhliziyo.

Buddhism

"Ifilosofi ngalutho ubani, futhi lokho inani layo - ngakho uthi Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky -.. Kuyinto ngoba ufanelwe basondelene kakhulu futhi eside nezinamathiselo womuntu" Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, umlobi wavakashela eMoscow amasonto amabili ufundile e izinkulumo New Economic School kumafilosofi Buddhist. Abafundi babefundiswa eziningi. Mayelana nendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ihlanganisa ukwazi Buddhist kanye nesayensi.

Alexander M. izinkulumo eziningi anikezelwe India. It is lapha phelelisa wezibalo: positional calculus yasungulwa, kuqalwe kusetshenziswe ama-zero. Nokho, izikole zabo wesayensi yemvelo amaNdiya khona, kusukela isiqondiso ukwazi kwabo, siziqonde ngokujulile yezilimi, Psychology, izibalo, wehlukile, isibonelo, amaGreki efanayo Aristotle. Ababona benesithakazelo kangaka ukuba bahlanganyele idivayisi ye izibilini webantfu netilwane. Futhi, ezimbalwa matasa izingxenye ezintabeni, amaxhaphozi kanye namahlathi. Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, imibono yefilosofi okuyinto ngokucace kakhulu okuchaza kulezi izinkulumo ezithakazelisayo, babekholelwa ukuthi inkulumo ethi akukho isiko akufanele ukwenza okuthile eyodwa, ngoba nakanjani kuyoholela ukonakala kwazo isizwe.

Phansi nge inertia!

Isazi sefilosofi Alexander Piatigorsky, ogama biography buhlobene eduze ekutadisheni izimfundiso Tibetan, okhandlayo uyazicabangela okwakwaziwa ososayensi emhlabeni zemvelo enkolweni yobuBuddha. Kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa Lamas Tibetan, ngobubanzi bafundile, onolwazi imixhantela eminingi ngolimi lwabo kanye-Sanskrit,-Mongolian, Chinese, English, ukufunda izincwadi eziningi zesayensi, ngisho Darwin, naphezu ubuhlakani bakhe, kakhulu ngokuhlakanipha ezibalulwa kanjena ngokufanele. Kodwa labo zesayensi efanayo British kanye zezibalo babe Lamas abaseduze, futhi ukuhlakanipha kwabo wathola emlonyeni wabo, isilinganiso esiphezulu.

zefilosofi European nezazi-mlando, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bonke babo babehamba kukhanselwe yizazi, tiphindze obonwa abantu Okuqukethwe akuzwakali. Ukuthuthukiswa njengoba sefilosofi waqonda Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, kuyinto wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke e inkululeko: kuqala, ikhono ukuthola impendulo yalo yombuzo, noma isixazululo ayo ukuba inkinga, futhi okwesibili, ikhono ngokushesha amshiye okufana ezitholakala umusa entsha. Lokho, ngiyilahle yonke emhlabeni inertia wumphakathi ngokuhlanganyela kanye nezinhlelo ngokuhlanganyela. isayensi yezakhi zofuzo yanamuhla, mathematics ne-physics, futhi, waqala kancane kancane ukufika khona yalelozwe ezinjalo.

isimo esibekiwe

Alexander Piatigorsky, ogama biography kuhlanganisa ngohambo eziningi nge ekutadisheni ezihlukahlukene postulates ontological, wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakuwumsebenzi ekhulwini lesikhombisa, wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuhlanganise yemvelo, isayensi wangena yayo entsha nokuningi esihle esikhathini ukutholakala. Semvelo, njengoba usosayensi, ekuqaleni ngeke khulula yocwaningo lwakhe ngokuvamile sibambekile ngenombolo enkulu uma kubhekwa isimo sezinto, futhi ngoba ngokuvamile uqala "umdanso phezu kwesitofu."

Kodwa izazi zefilosofi amahhala, zinikelwe lutho Unganqikazi, futhi ungaqala ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu yolwazi, okuyinto bayokuzila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zefilosofi musa cindezela Axiom eminyaka ubudala esungulwe, ngoba isihloko ngenxa yalokho, ngisho emayunivesithi engakaze wafunda. Kubandakanya izikole lasendulo wefilosofi.

ekubeni

Ngaphansi ifilosofi ongqondongqondo European kusikisele kwesokudla, imfundiso yenkolo, kanye Biblical Studies kamuva, isiHebheru Latin (njengoba ulimi wangempela, okuyinto kabanzi kuze Renaissance). Ukuze lokhu iqoqo imithi ekugcineni wanezela. Zonke lezi isayensi yobuntu, kodwa ifilosofi okumsulwa wayengekho phakathi kwabo, lenzeka ezikhathini zanamuhla. Kuphela engxenyeni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili yesibili, kwakukhona kwesitulo wokuqala wefilosofi academic e Edinburgh. Ukuze uthole indawo kuso alwa David Hume futhi u-Adam Smith. Futhi wabe eseya Kant, Fichte, Hegel, ngemva kwalokho ekugcineni wathatha ifomu wefilosofi njengoba isihloko cwaningo. Kodwa amaBuddha njalo philosophized njengoba kuchazwe ezinkulumo zakhe Alexander Piatigorsky. Lokhu kwaba ngesisekelo imfundo yabantwana babo.

akuyona isayensi

Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, izincwadi okuyinto ngokuyinhloko enikelwe nefilosofi, ungalokothi ukhathele ethi akusiyo ohlwini ephezulu grade isayensi. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi ifilosofi - lena akuyona isayensi. "Esikhathini kela isayensi - ebhala - akayena yokwehlayo mpo, kodwa umthamo ezithile noma isikhala egcwele akukho okunye, kodwa lapho isiko nefilosofi indawo ithatha ...."

Ekugcineni, amafilosofi, isintu angaphila kahle. Lokhu akulona iqiniso, isibonelo, ngemithi.

Sezibalo? A physics?

Ngisho i-physics, isidingo okuyinto kuphakama kuphela ukujika ezithile engqondweni, lapho kwakwenziwa ihaba, futhi incazelo nokubaluleka ukuthi kuletha abantu, isintu akudingekile ngakho, njengoba kushiwo kanjalo ngokuvamile kucatshangwa. ithiyori esingujuqu physics akunakwenzeka ngoba inqubo yokucabanga komuntu hhayi kungaba esichazayo. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, biography okuyinto yakhiwa 'ngokucabanga njalo futhi liphambene umcabango "Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi imfundiso sokugcina sokuthi ngakho oyifunayo ukuthuthukisa ososayensi abaningi - lokhu tomfoolery, efana ukudala umphakathi ngokuphelele fair, lokugcina kanye nephasi loke. esintwini ikhokhwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ayengeve (ubukhomanisi, isibonelo), kodwa abantu ngeke ukufinyelela idyll Ngeke kube kulolu utopia. Ukufuna imibukiso lungafinyeleleki ukuthi abantu hhayi kuphela phezu ngezikhundla zabo ukuhlakanipha kwakho, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, eduze phezulu njengoba kuqhubeka ngobuhlakani ibhizinisi ngokusobala impracticable. Ngokusho sefilosofi, akukubi, njengoba kahle njengoba umbandela ebaluleke kakhulu ngokunemba - ukuthi lapho ukuya endleleni kwaba ezithakazelisayo.

eneka postulates

indoda abangafundile, ngokuvumelana Pyatigorsk, kungaba sefilosofi, kodwa kakhulu amathuba okuba. Akekho ukucabanga ezithakazelisayo akusho ukuqala kabusha. Indoda amafilosofi kungenziwa waziphatha ngaphandle nefilosofi yabo. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, enenkosikazi zonke bakhe babemthanda kakhulu sikhulekele, nokho enqaba enhle isigamu amakhono zefilosofi.

Njengoba iqhawe wagomela esihlokweni sethu: abesifazane, ngokombono wakhe, kunzima kakhulu ukushaya umoya nakumafilosofi ngokuphelele engenamsebenzi. Nokho, womabili la madoda akuyona yonke it is eyinqaba. Lokhu ngokuvamile into ezingavamile - futhi phakathi kwabesifazane, futhi phakathi kwabantu, futhi phakathi izingwenya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ube umuntu ongaphilile, njengalapho imali yokugcina umuntu uthenga amaswidi, okungesona isinkwa. Ifilosofi - ukuphishekela non-akukho, okuyinto ungcono nje ezinhle. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi abantu kufanele bajabule, ibinzana kokunganaki futhi ziyingozi kakhulu. Mhlawumbe omunye ambalwa umsebenzi wangempela nefilosofi - ukubhubhisa uhlelo postulates ezivamile enjalo.

Awezolimi futhi semiotics

Isihlobo ukuba imfundo isayensi Pyatigorsk wabhala futhi wakhuluma umnandi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka. Isazi sefilosofi ngokuyinhloko Zibonisa olimini, kanye nomngane wakhe, ngakho-ke, ifilosofi eduze kakhulu exhunywe ne kwabantu futhi yezilimi. Izikhulumi eziningi ziqala inkulumo kwabo nala mazwi: 'kukwenze kwaba sobala ukuthi ... "noma" wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ... ". Lawa ngulamanye emanga. Lutho sobala. Konke kuncike iyashesha yethu "isifiso-angifuni." Kuvamile ukuba umuntu - ungacabangi futhi abazi lutho. Konke lokhu akuzange kodwa nokho bafa. Ngubani, isibonelo, manje ukhumbula zezilimi ezinkulu edumile emhlabeni wonke, "isidleke laseMoscow"? abantu Jwayelekile Russian akekho awazi amagama: Starostin, Klimov, Yakovlev futhi Polivanov, Abaev ... Futhi in the West lalaziwa zezilimi Russian. Ziyazi konke futhi Jacobson, Reformed, futhi Zalizniak. Kukhona iminyuziyamu anikezelwe laba bantu, uhlaziye isiRashiya. Lezi zinkinga abazinikele izinkulumo eziningi ezinikezwe kumaKhosi amanyuvesi Russian Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Photo of ezinye emihlanganweni nabafundi unamathele.

Semiotics Alexander Piatigorsky wasebenza kuphela njengoba isazi sefilosofi. Nakuba inkolelo yakhe kule ndawo wayengeyena umuntu awusebenzisa njengoba ithuluzi ukusiza adalule izinkinga angomakhelwane komkhakha wezesayensi. Wayekholelwa ukuthi njengoba ifilosofi, kuyize, njengoba semiotics - lena theory okumsulwa, kodwa isayensi kukhona into isicelo ngaphezulu ewusizo: imithetho esisebenzayo O prognozis isilingo. Masinyane icacise ukuthi semiotics kungasiza zibonisa iyiphi indawo.

On Ulimi nokungcebeleka

Ngaphezu kwakho konke, Pyatigorsk ngokuchichima ecasukile ka ijagoni kulenkhulumo kokubili abafundi Russian kanye nesiNgisi. Futhi kulabo abanabazali - abantu abafunde kakhulu asebekhulile abakhuliswa e hero etemibhalo. Futhi kuvela ukuthi ulimi, uthi, eRussia, okungcono walondoloza wonke izingane abantu nengxenye elifundile - ifektri abakhulu onjiniyela noma wezikhali majors.

Ebona ukonakala kolimi, hhayi ukufinyelela phansi futhi kusukela phezulu, kuhlanganise oprofesa baseyunivesithi, futhi Uphawula izibonelo eziningi kusukela nelwatinchanti lwabo. Philosophize ngokuvamile abantu abanale yokuzilibazisa ngezinga elingakanani. Ongqondongqondo engcono etholakala kulabo ababenegunya isikhathi esiningi khulula. Kuyefana nasendleleni isiko kanye nesayensi, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba enze kuyiqiniso ebaleka. Udinga umqeqeshi we esidlule, kunemikhiqizo Superjet yesimanje.

kancane siqu

Ngemva kwelinye izwe eLondon 70s zakuqala, wabhala ukuthi ukucindezelwa eSoviet Union maqondana ke - inganekwane, umbhedo futhi akulona iqiniso. Wavele afuna ukuhlala emhlabeni, kodwa hhayi ezweni elifanayo. Futhi okwakwenzekile. Washiya sefilosofi nendodana yakhe ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wokuqala futhi ingane ezisukela enkulungwaneni yesibili. unkosikazi Young, kakade ngikhulelwa futhi, kwakuthandeka kakhulu. Ngemva kwesikhashana, futhi abazali bakhe ngaba yilungu lomkhaya London. Khona-ke washada okwesithathu, baqala ukuletha abazukulu eziningi. Lapha lokhu kwaba Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich. ukuphila Siqu yayenza Uthando olukhona ebandleni nazo zonke omkabo emkhayeni ohlonishwayo jikelele inhlalakahle, naphezu imishado eminingi. Mhlawumbe isizathu yayo Welfare steel Wothando nangamandla.