Biography of Cervantes. Umlobi edumile emhlabeni wonke-Spanish

UMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra - umlobi edumile emhlabeni wonke, kusukela ngothi eyaqala ukuvelela umlando wezenzo "nobuqhawe" of Don Quixote futhi luhamba Persilesa futhi Sihizmundy. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe ngamafuphi ihlanganisa okwangempela futhi romanticism, lyricism comedy.

Ukuqala enkambweni yokuphila

Biography Cervantes waqala Septhemba 29, 1547. Abazali bakhe akuzona kakhulu nokuchuma. igama kukababa kwakuyithuba Rodrigo De Cervantes, yena wayengudokotela-ohlinzayo. igama lomama - Leonor De Cortinas.

Ezemfundo Miguel leduna lokuqala etholwe umuzi ka Alcala de Henares ke ngenxa hambo eziningi waya esikoleni amadolobha ambalwa ezifana Madrid, Salamanca. Ngo-1569 waba ilungu okungahleliwe emgwaqweni izimpi futhi washushiswa yiziphathimandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, Cervantes waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele ezweni. Ekuqaleni wayesesangweni Italy, lapho iminyaka eminingi kwaba ilungu retinue ka Cardinal Acquaviva. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lapho ngajoyina ibutho ezaziwayo. Phakathi kweminye amasosha wathatha iqhaza abanolaka ulwandle impi eduze Lepanto (7/10/1571). Cervantes ngasinda kodwa khona kabi alimala ibhodi lemisindo, okwaphumela isandla sobunxele ukuphila wahlala ezibuthaka. Ngemva kokululama amanxeba akhe wayengenakukwazi njalo kwezinye mikhankaso zasolwandle, kuhlanganise Navarino kwaba obambe iqhaza kwi-lokushaya.

ekuthunjweni

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngo-1575 Cervantes kwesokunxele Italy futhi waya eSpain. Umkhuzi e induna yebutho Spanish e-Italy, Huan Avstriysky wanika isosha angamaqhawe incwadi izincomo, okuyinto umbhali esizayo wayenethemba lokuthi uthole indawo enhle ebuthweni Spanish. Kodwa kwakungenjalo kwenzeke. pirates Algeria wawashaya abagwedli, okuyinto ngomkhumbi Cervantes. Yonke nabagibeli abangu bathunjwa. Phakathi izisulu wayebuye, uMiguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Wayekhona izimo ezimbi zobugqila iminyaka emihlanu. Ndawonye kanye nezinye iziboshwa ezingaba wenze nomzamo ongaphezulu kowodwa ukubaleka, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi babegcina kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Leyo minyaka emihlanu washiya isigxivizo ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on izwe somlobi. Izinkomba ukuhlupha futhi ahlupha ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ezitholakala imisebenzi yakhe. Ngakho, enovelini "Don Quixote" kuyinto indzaba lemfisha, ositshela mayelana isiboshwa osenesikhathi eside igcinwe ngamaketanga futhi ahlukunyezwe sokuhlushwa babulawa. Sikhombisa ukuphila komlobi siqu isigqila.

ukukhululwa

umama Cervantes, ubani ngaleso sikhathi lase ibe umfelokazi, ithengiswe konke enakho ezimbalwa ukuze athenge indodana yakhe eyayilahlekile. Ngo 1580 wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Abaningi ozakwabo zakhe ayesale ekuthunjweni, wakhononda yokuthi umeluleki futhi umduduzi ezazilokhu wonke umuntu zikhathi ezinzima kunazo wabashiya. Izimfanelo womuntu yakhe, ikhono ukukholisa nenduduzo wambeka ongumvikeli abantu ngeshwa ababegqilazwe.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Ngemva kokuchitha iminyaka eminingi e Madrid, Toledo, futhi Esquivias, wakwazi ukushada Catalina de Palacios (Disemba 1584) futhi ukuze uthole indodakazi engumlanjwana ka Ana Franca de Rojas.

Indlela yokuziphilisa Cervantes wayengenandaba nawo, ngakho akukho ukwenza kodwa ukuya empini futhi. Phakathi nale nkathi, umbhali esizayo Spanish wayengomunye walabo kubahlanganyeli ukuvakasha e Lisbon, waba nengxenye emkhankasweni wempi ukuba anqobe iziqhingi Azov.

Ngemuva kokushiya inkonzo uzile bacabangisise izinkondlo. Futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, ukuba ekuthunjweni Algeria, wayiswa ukubhala izinkondlo bese ubhala udlala, kodwa manje lo msebenzi kwaba nenjongo yokuphila kwakhe. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala abaphumelelanga. Omunye imisebenzi bokuqala Cervantes kwaba nenhlekelele, "Numancia" kanye comedy "The imikhuba Algeria." Inoveli "Galatea", esanyatheliswa kuyi-1585, kwalethwa udumo ukuba Miguel, kodwa akazange abe acebile. Income wahlala esidabukisayo.

iminyaka engu-10 e-Seville

Ngaphansi kwejoka ubumpofu migel Servantes waya Seville. Kube wamiswa Ministry Ezezimali. Umholo wawumncane, kodwa umbhali Kwethenjwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze uzothola okuthunyelwe Melika. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke. Ngemva kokuhlala Seville iminyaka engu-10, wayengasakwazi ukwenza imali eshisiwe. Okokuqala, njengoba Commissioner Ukuhlinzekwa Indian Navy, wathola iholo ngalelo nani eliwubala. Okwesibili, abanye-ke sasetshenziswa nokugcinwa odade, owanikela isabelo sayo ifa, ukuze ahlenge umfowabo ekuthunjweni Algeria. Ngaleso sikhathi, imisebenzi zihlanganisa noveli "umkhuhlane waseSpain eNgilandi", "Rinkonet futhi Cortadillo", kanye izinkondlo olulodwa futhi sonnets. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ejabule abomdabu basezifundeni Seville kwaholela ukuvela opopayi futhi ezihlekisayo ngemisebenzi yakhe.

Ukuzalwa "Don Quixote"

Biography Cervantes baqhubeka Valladolid, lapho wathuthela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakukhona yokuhlala inkantolo. Indlela yokuziphilisa namanje akwanele. Miguel wathola imali enza oda ibhizinisi abantu yangasese futhi umsebenzi wobuciko. Kunobufakazi bokuthi uma waba ubufakazi okungalindelekile kwenzeka ngasekhaya lakhe Duel lapho ukufa omunye zayo. Cervantes wabizelwa enkantolo, ebophe ngisho njengoba esolwa iyathinteka futhi esikhoselweni ulwazi kusuka ukuphenywa kokuphulwa kwezimbangela kanye Yiqiniso kwengxabano. Wachitha isikhathi esithile ejele, kanti kwakukhona Isivivinyo.

Encwadini memoir iqukethe ukwaziswa esitokisini, ngakho ngesikhathi esejele, umbhali Spanish wayehlose ukubhala umsebenzi ezihlekisayo we muntu 'owahamba waya crazy "kusukela nokufunda amanoveli mayelana Knights, waya ukwenza knightly izenzo ukuba njengalona Amaqhawe izincwadi ozithandayo .

Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi uJesu wazalwa indzaba lemfisha. Lapho ededelwa ekuvalelweni Cervantes waqala umsebenzi indalo yakhe eyinhloko, imibono emisha mayelana nokuthuthukiswa ngesakhiwo, yena bakwenze. Ngakho "Don Quixote" kwaba inoveli.

Uhlelo main kule noveli

Phakathi no-1604, ngemva kokuphothula umsebenzi ncwadi, Cervantes iqala ukusihlupha mayelana yanyatheliswa. Kuze kube yimanje, waxhumana umdayisi wezincwadi wangaleso Robles, owaba ngummemezeli wokuqala zendalo okukhulu. "I Ehlakaniphile Hidalgo Don Quixote de la marcha," esanyatheliswa ekupheleni 1604.

Ukusakazwa lalilincane futhi ithengiswe cishe ngokushesha. Futhi entwasahlobo 1605 kwakukhona uhlelo lwesibili, okuyinto kwaba yimpumelelo runaway. Don Quixote futhi Sancho Panza ziye zaba enye yezindawo izinhlamvu othandekayo kakhulu bonke abantu iSpanishi, kanye wafunda ngazo kwamanye amazwe, njengoba le noveli kuhunyushwe futhi kushicilelwe kwezinye izilimi. Lezi namaqhawe babé amaqembu ukuba izindwendwe zomkhosi zonke amadolobha Spanish.

Eshumini lokugcina lokuphila kwakhe

1606 kuyobe kugcwele umlobi ukuthuthela Madrid. Naphezu impumelelo obuqand 'Don Quixote ", Cervantes baqhubeka isidingo. Ngaphansi eqeqeshwa lakhe ibingamashumi umfazi, udade nendodakazi engumlanjwana Elizabeth, ubani ngemva kokufa kukanina, ngahamba ngayohlala uyise.

Abaningi imisebenzi Cervantes ezilotshwe kule nkathi. Lokhu futhi iningi izindaba ezifakwe eqoqweni "Inoveli okuyisibonelo" (1613) kanye olusankondlo ukubhinqa tetemibhalo "Journey Parnassus" (1614). Futhi, kuleli shumi leminyaka elidlule zokuphila kwakhe wabhala eziningi ezintsha kanye reworked ezinye izingcezu ubudala. Basuke asencwadini "amahlaya Eight futhi interludes eyisishiyagalombili." "Ukuzulazula Persilesa futhi Sihizmundy" nazo umkhankaso ngalesi sikhathi.

Biography of Cervantes akwaziwa ngokuphelele. Kuyo kukhona amnyama eziningi. Ikakhulukazi, akukho ulwazi mayelana lapho eqala umsebenzi ingxenye yesibili "Don Quixote." Cishe, indalo yayo waphefumulela umlobi ubhala ezinye A. Fernandez de Avellaneda kwabamanga "Don Quixote", okuyinto iyaqhubeka lwendaba of inoveli Cervantes '. Lokhu inkohliso equkethwe Emazwini akhe amaningi indawo ezinenhlamba ngembhali incwadi izinhlamvu, ethula kubo abe umuntu omubi.

Le ngxenye inoveli yesibili yakhishwa ngo 1615. Kodwa ngo-1637 zombili brilliant okudaliwe etemibhalo okokuqala engene ngaphansi ikhava eyodwa.

Kakade esezokufa, umbhali lisibeka isandulela inoveli "Wandering Persilesa futhi Sihizmundy", esanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa kwakhe ngo 1617.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokushiya ukuphila Cervantes baba indela. Washona ngo-Ephreli 23, Ngo-1616 e Madrid. Interment senziwa ngezithukuthuku Franciscan Order. I ngqo endaweni yokungcwaba okungukuthi akwaziwa, kodwa kakhulu izazi zikholelwa ukuthi wangcwatshwa endaweni omunye Spanish zezindela. Itshe lesikhumbuzo umlobi elikhulu elimiswe 1835 eMadrid.
Cervantes biography kubonisa ukuthi ongenabugovu kungaba isifiso somuntu kuze ngikwati kufeza lubito yakhe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi etemibhalo neze bamlethela imali enkulu, umbhali omkhulu kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe baqhubeka ukudala. Ngenxa yalokho, izincwadi zakhe zaba ingxenye nakumasiko walabo emakhulwini okuqala. Futhi manje, ngemva naso sonke lesi sikhathi, amanoveli akhe, tindzaba letimfisha kanye nemidlalo ezihambisanayo ethandwa.