Edmund Husserl: Biography emfushane, isithombe, imisebenzi emikhulu, izingcaphuno

Edmund Husserl (iminyaka yokuphila - 1859-1938) - sefilosofi esidumile German ngubani kubhekwa umsunguli wenhlangano zefilosofi - phenomenology. Ngenxa imisebenzi eminingi kanye nokufundisa umsebenzi, waba nomthelela omkhulu kokubili nefilosofi isiJalimane, futhi phezu ekuthuthukeni kwale sayensi kwamanye amazwe amaningi. Edmund Husserl nomthelela ukuvela ukusungulwa existentialism. Phenomenology - yinto ngawo exhunywe imisebenzi eyinhloko Husserl. Kuyini lokhu? Asivume.

Kuyini phenomenology?

Kusukela ekuqaleni, phenomenology athuthukile njengendlela ukunyakaza ezibanzi ifilosofi, hhayi njengoba isikole avaliwe. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini ekuqaleni kubonakala mkhuba ukuthi ayikwazi ukwenziwa imisebenzi Husserl. Nokho, indima esemqoka ekuthuthukiseni ukubhalwa phenomenology eyadlalwa umsebenzi lo usosayensi ethile. Ikakhulukazi okubalulekile umsebenzi yakhe eyayinesihloko esithi "Uphenyo enengqondo". Phenomenology njengoba isiqondiso kwakwandile ikakhulukazi yonke iYurophu kanye Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhula eJapane, e-Australia kanye emazweni amaningana ase-Asia.

Iphuzu kokuqala eningiliziwe emayelana nemfundiso kaZiqu zefilosofi yikhono ukuthola ukuchaza isiqondiso (ngenhloso) ukwazi zokuphila. Isici esibalulekile salo indlela phenomenology - ukwenqaba kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo bekulokhu presuppositions unclarified. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abameleli le mfundiso zivela umqondo irreducibility (irreducibility mutual) futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuqhubeka emhlabeni Injongo (isiko ezingokomoya, umphakathi, nemvelo) futhi ukwazi.

Ezemfundo emayunivesithi, inkhulumomphendvulwano ososayensi

Isazi sefilosofi esizayo yazalwa ngo-April 8, 1859 eMoravia (Prosnitse). Aqeqeshwa eVienna futhi Berlin amanyuvesi. Kazi Edmund Husserl, ifilosofi okuyinto emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa, ekuqaleni ngafuna ukuba sezibalo. Nokho, Masaryk wanquma uwulethe izifundo Franz Brentano psychology nefilosofi. Ukuxhumana naye, bese nomunye wengqondo, K. Stumpf, nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni nesithakazelo ekutadisheni Edmund wacabanga izinqubo. Isazi sefilosofi esizayo ubophekile Brentano inkolelo yokungafi inhloso, okusho ukuthi isiqondiso ukwazi. kamuva Husserl wathi Brentano akasibonanga inkinga, "intentionality" maqondana lezisekelo ulwazi kanye kumiswa izakhiwo nakho.

Okunye ongqondongqondo, bethonywe Edmund esikhathini ekuqaleni - iyona empiricists British (ikakhulukazi JS Mill.), UWilliam uJakobe, G. V. Leybnits. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi Kant uye waba nomthelela obalulekile sefilosofi kakade esikhathini kamuva imibono yakhe.

Umsebenzi wokuqala Husserl

Edmund Husserl (isithombe ngenhla kubonisa kuye) wayekholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko kwachazwa kudala njengoba umsebenzi wokuqala enesihloko esithi "Philosophy of izibalo." Kulesi umsebenzi okokuqala wajoyina into ezimbili eziyinhloko kwezinhloso zenzuzo yakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo logic esisemthethweni nezibalo ezingamaGreki, imfundo kanye ngakolunye - kwengqondo. Isazi sefilosofi sibhekene nobunzima ezithile. Frege wabonisa ezinye zazo endaweni kuhlatiya yemisebenzi Husserl. Lezi zinkinga ziphoqe Edmund afeze ucwaningo jikelele umsebenzi othize kanye nesakhiwo "nakho bayazi". Isahluko sokugcina sencwadi ethi kuyinto nikela kuze leso "ukuqonda" tabobunjwa isici ezifana izinyoni noma umugqa amasosha. Husserl ngaleyo ndlela angase abizwe ngokuthi kwandulela Gestalt kwengqondo.

amaqembu amane imisebenzi Edmund Husserl

Umqondo ofanayo ngokubhekana wonke umsebenzi wesazi sefilosofi, kodwa imibono yakhe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iye yashintshwa abalulekile. Imisebenzi yakhe zingahlukaniswa zibe ngala maqembu amane:

1. Njengoba ilandisa ngenkathi we "psychology."
2. "Psychology okuchazayo".
3. phenomenology transcendental yakhishwa okokuqala esethwe Husserl ngo-1913.
4. Imisebenzi ehlobene nokwenzeka kamuva zokuphila wesazi sefilosofi.

Umsebenzi "Uphenyo enengqondo"

umsebenzi Husserl edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa umsebenzi "Uphenyo enengqondo". It yanyatheliswa ngo eminyakeni 1900-1901, futhi edition Russian yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-1909. Umbhali ngokwakhe kubhekwe lo msebenzi ngokuthi "indlela ecacile" ngoba ezindaweni ezifana phenomenology. "Prolegomena ukuze logic okumsulwa" - umqulu wokuqala, esihlinzeka critique umqondo Psychology, abanethonya ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokwalo mbono, eyisisekelo izimiso kanye imiqondo logic kumele inikezwe ngokuya kwengqondo. "Umqondo logic okumsulwa" - isahluko sokugcina, lapho Husserl owethulwa logic yakhe esisemthethweni. Lokhu isiqondiso emancipated kusuka Psychology. Umbhali ungibelesela ngokuthi kungokwalabo sphere logic okumsulwa akusho lutho. Emqulwini yesibili 6 inikeza izifundo ku isakhiwo kanye nakho amagugu. isithakazelo Owabe ku izinhlobo sigameko kuye kwaholela ekutadisheni okuthiwa umuzwa categorical wesazi sefilosofi Edmund Husserl.

phenomenology Husserl sika

Ngakusasa isikhathi eside emsebenzini iqala izinkulumo Husserl "Umqondo phenomenology." Lokubaluleke kakhulu kwaba ushintsho Husserl ku ukukhohliseka of uhlobo olusha. Kuze kube yimanje, wasikisela indlela ekhethekile okuthiwa ukunciphisa phenomenological. A ezidingekayo esigabeni kwangaphambilini e ekubizweni emkhakheni okuqonda futhi uthole ezinye 'ngokuphelele' isisekelo lonke nefilosofi iminyaka, okungukuthi, ukugwema noma iyiphi izinkolelo nezahlulelo. Phenomenology Ngakho wahlanganyela ucinge Uketshezi nobudlelwano kubalulekile.

Ukuphikiswa naturalism

Uma ucabangela umsebenzi Husserl, singabona ukuthi they are ngaphakathi phikisa ukuze naturalism. Ikakhulukazi, kusobala e indzaba 1911, "Philosophy njengoba isayensi okunzima." Ukuze Husserl, lokhu kuphikiswa bekugcwele izisusa enamandla kakhulu. Edmund Husserl owahlulela ukuthi "obabazekayo" noma luyingxenye obunobuhixihixi isayensi achazayo nakho kufanele uhlinzeke nefilosofi ezithile "olukhulu" Isimiso, okuyinto mahhala noma iyiphi preconditions. Emiqulwini kamuva "imibono" Husserl (kokushona kwakhe), kanye nohlelo lwe-eminye imisebenzi yakhe "constitutive" phenomenology ukuthi ngomumo. Inhloso yayo Edmund kubonakala ekwakhekeni ngefilosofi entsha emibonweni yami.

Isebenza logic kanye nokuhlaziywa izinqubo ukwazi

Ikakhulukazi abatelekile ubuhlakani Husserl ezindaweni ezimbili ezilandelayo: ekucubunguleni nezichaza izinqubo ezahlukene ukwazi, kuhlanganise nokuhlangenwe nakho ukwazi isikhathi; kanye ifilosofi logic. Umsebenzi ku logic of the isikhathi ovuthiwe zimi kanje: "Okuhlangenwe nakho nokwahlulela" (1939) kanye "umqondo letihlelekile naletingakahleleki obabazekayo" (1929). isikhathi ukwazi is liphenywa Husserl ku "Izinkulumo phezu phenomenology kwesikhathi kwangaphakathi ukwazi" (1928) kanye namanye imisebenzi okuqondene nezikhathi ezahlukene lokusungula. Ngo-1931, u-Edmund Husserl wadala "Cartesian ukuzindla", okuyinto iqoqo ngokuningiliziwe izinkinga eziningi kakhulu yolwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu ukwazi.

Alternate isiqondiso phenomenology

It kumele kuthiwe nabaningi ababeyizithunywa nozakwethu nabafundi Husserl sika phenomenology njengoba athuthukile, kodwa enye ndlela. Ikakhulukazi Scheler inkolo futhi ukwakha kule isisekelo umqondo walo phenomenological. Heidegger, ongomunye wabasunguli be-existentialism, Kwaqala umfundi Husserl. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, waphindela eyenziwa i audit of the phenomenology elihlobene ne imiqondo "khona" "nokuba". Husserl, beqiniseka ikhono lakhe siqu theory, wagxeka isikhundla Heidegger.

Eminyakeni yokugcina ngokuphila nangokufa kwakhe Husserl

Edmund Husserl, abafundi bamshiya wakhuthazelela ukugula nzima ezavela zokuphila iminyaka yakhe yokugcina. isikhathi Late ukuqedela umsebenzi Husserl sika "Isimo of Sciences European", wadala ngo-1936 futhi eyanyatheliswa ngo 1954. Ngo-ke sefilosofi ezihlongozwayo umqondo wokuphila bomhlaba, egcwele edumile kakhulu.

Husserl washona ngo-April 26, 1938 ku Freiburg im Breisgau. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ukuthi kwafa abantu 11,000 Amakhasi amanothi nemisebenzi ukushicilelwa. Ngenhlanhla, yakwazi ukulondoloza. Bona ziphuthunyiswe Belgium (Leuven), lapho isekhona namanje. umsebenzi namuhla encwadini yabo ethi, umkhankaso ngo-1950 (uchungechunge "Gusserliana").

Edmund Husserl: izingcaphuno

izingcaphuno eziningi Husserl azinake, noma kunjalo iningi labo adinga more ngokujulile ujwayele nefilosofi yayo. Ngakho-ke, thina akhethiwe yibo kakhulu elula ukuthi zicacile bonke. Edmund Husserl, imisebenzi esemqoka lapho banikezwe ngenhla, umsunguli izitatimende ezilandelayo:

• "Leli zwe alulona olwawo wonke umuntu okufanayo."
• "I kwezinto weqiniso imayelana nani mayelana khona kwezwe."
• "Ukuqala uhlanzekile futhi, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, namanje egxilile isipiliyoni nezimungulu."

Futhi kuze kube namuhla akusho ukubohla nesithakazelo kule isiqondiso, njengoba ifilosofi phenomenological ka-Edmund Husserl. Life bomhlaba khona, inkathi kanye nenkinga esibaluleke kunazo zonke isikhathi - konke lokhu kubonakala ezincwadini zakhe. Yiqiniso, Husserl angabhekwa sefilosofi okukhulu. Abaningi abafundi bakhe kanye nozakwabo ziye zancibilika ku ithunzi namuhla, futhi namanje ubheke imisebenzi Husserl. Imibono lokhu sefilosofi sisabenza, olukhuluma isikali yabo emikhulu.

Ngakho, Wahlangana enjalo ezithakazelisayo sazi, u-Edmund Husserl. Umlando Omfushane kuye, yebo, ukunika kuphela ukuqonda okukha phezulu wefilosofi yakhe. Ukuze uzwisise ngokujulile imibono yakhe, ubheke imisebenzi Husserl.