Kanjani ukuze ahlangane a Rubik sika Cube 2x2. Algorithm inhlangano Rubik sika Cube 2x2

Rubik sika Cube - kungcono omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi abathandwa abaningi puzzle.

Kancane amaqiniso angokomlando

Toy ngokuthi "Cube Rubik sika" yasungulwa ngo-1974 ngu-umqophi Hungarian noprofesa izakhiwo Erno Rubik. Kukhona inguqulo ekuqaleni lokhu puzzle yaba ithuluzi zemfundo ngawo izingane kungaba lula ukuqonda zezibalo iqembu theory.
Ekuqaleni kwakugcwele 27 cubes esenziwe ngokhuni imingcele imibala ehlukene. Kamuva, kube kanyentana washintsha lize atholwe yaba sesimweni ekuso manje. Futhi kakade ngo-1975, unjiniyela wale ithoyizi ithole yayo okusungulile patent, ngemva kwalokho cube-Rubik (ngakho ukuyibiza enibaziyo nobabili) bangena ekukhiqizweni. Waqale waqhubeka ukudayiswa njengoba ithoyizi kaNcibijane ngo-1978 ngaphansi kwegama "Magic Cube"
Ngemva kwalokho kwakukhona ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu ukuthandwa puzzle, kanye nokwehla ziphoqa phakathi abathengi. Futhi esikhathini sethu, isithakazelo cube the Rubik sika yabuye yaqala ngenkuthalo zikhule.

Ukushayela inhlangano Rubik cube 2x2

Ngokuthenga lokhu puzzle, abaningi bangase bachithe izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto ukuba ezikudidayo phezu, indlela ukuqoqa ke. Futhi akuzona zonke aphumelele. Ukuze ufunde indlela ukuqoqa Rubik sika Cube 2x2, akadingi kufanele ukuba ungungqondongqondo. Kwanele ukuba bahlole izikimu ekhona futhi algorithm ekhethekile, lapho ufuna ngokushesha futhi kalula babuthane ke. Kuyinto inhlangano ecacile Rubik sika Cube 2x2 umdwebo kuzokusiza kalula ukubhekana indlela yokukwenza.

Namuhla e-izitolo ungathola ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha cube the Rubik sika: Cube nge amaseli 2 oku 2, 3 3, 4 ku 4, 5 5, njll Ake abahlala ulwazi ewusizo for Yizimfundamakhwela Kubera okungukuthi .. indlela abuthe Rubik sika cube 2x2. Kukhona algorithm ethize le nhlangano puzzle, futhi kungesemehlweni okungaba isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi ehluleka uzama ukuyixazulula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eziningi izixuku zabantu emhlabeni wonke ukwakha cube a Rubik kwakungu isihloko mncintiswano. Ngokwesibonelo, cuber oqeqeshwe kahle ingaqoqa cube Rubik, imizuzwana amathathu, kuyilapho iqhawe emhlabeni - ezingeqi kwezingu eziyisishiyagalombili. Ukuze uthole kuthe ukusondela kakhudlwana Imiphumela enjalo, cabangela amathuba indlela abuthe Rubik sika Cube 2x2. Lokhu ithoyizi kuyinto mini-nguqulo liqukethe imibala eziyisithupha izinhlangothi eziyisithupha, ngamunye ephethe dice ezine. Lokhu cube akulula phinda njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Ngisho ne abambalwa inhlanganisela kuqhathaniswa ejwayelekile 3x3 Rubik sika Cube, imfundamakhwela Kubera kufanele uchithe isikhathi esiningi ukwakha 2x2 yimpumelelo Cube Rubik sika yanqotshwa.

Ukushayela 2x2 inhlangano Rubik

Cube Ukushayela inhlangano Mini-Rubik sika (ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi i-2x2 cube-Rubik) ilula. Ukulandela leli qhinga, kungenzeka ukuba abuthe Rubik sika Cube 2x2 esiphezulu imizuzu engu-20. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo inqubo emhlanganweni, kubalulekile ukufunda ibhukwana elizokwenza lokhu puzzle, futhi imigomo elichazwa kulo.

amagama

Encazelweni yalokho cube inhlangano uhlelo Rubik, ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuthola amagama akhethekile lisetshenziselwa babonise ekulandelaneni rotations cube izindiza.

Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kunakho konke, lokho okudingayo ukuze uqonde - izimpawu amaqembu (izindiza) cube. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha 2x2 cube-Rubik esandleni ukuze omunye izindiza zayo kwaba nehlo. Kuyinto nganeno amadayisi libizwa ngaphambili, futhi okhonjiswe incwadi F (F). Olunye uhlangothi enzelwe kanje:
• H (D) - aphansi,
• B (U) yilona eliphezulu,
• P (R) - kwesokudla,
• L (L) - kwesokunxele,
• T (B) - labaqaphi elingemuva.
Kulokhu, umbala izinhlangothi cube asihlobene.

Kanjani ukuze ahlangane a Rubik sika cube 2x2, kulandela uhlelo?

Kulula kabi - kubalulekile ukuba banamathele izinhlangothi indawo cube akhethiwe ekuqaleni inhlanganisela.
Ngokuzimisela ekubizweni izindiza cube kubonakale ukuthola ukuthi ukwenzani manje? Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-dice uphendulela indiza: owokuqala - ujike 90 ° ngokwewashi kanti eyesibili - 90 ° kolunye uhlangothi - kwewashi.
Kukhona izimpawu ezisetshenziselwa enqubeni inhlangano, cube Rubik:
• uphawu " '" - isetshenziselwa Ukujikeleza e okuphambene ngokwewashi isiqondiso kuboniswe ngaphambili ohlangothini;
• zingasebenzisa notation "2", okusho ukuthi ohlangothini degrees kabili ithuba 90 (isiyonke - 180 degrees).
Ngakho, cabanga 2x2 inhlangano cube algorithm Rubik sika.

Isinyathelo № 1. Ukubeka kuqala (engezansi) ungqimba

Into yokuqala okumele uyenze - ukuqoqa ungqimba aphansi ukuze zonke amadayisi ezine phansi wombala ofanako, kanye asele midlalo emibili cubes umbala elise komakhelwane. Ngemva benhlangano, ungqimba ephansi kungaba dlulelani esinyathelweni esilandelayo ikuvumela ukuba baqonde indlela ukwenza Rubik sika Cube 2x2 (noma kunalokho, ukuqoqa ke).

Isinyathelo № 2. Ukubeka topsheet idayisi

Kulesi sigaba, inhlangano kumele amabhlogo ibekwe, etholakala engxenyeni engenhla, endaweni yayo, akudingekile ukufanisa imibala yawo. Lesi sakamuva singabangela kwenziwe kamuva.

Okokuqala, kufanele uthole ukuthi umbala indiza engenhla. Kwenze ngokuphelele elula: umbala ebusweni engenhla cube - umbala, okuyinto engekho kule ungqimba aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kubalulekile ukuze uphendukisa engxenyeni engenhla kuze cube akhethiwe akuthathi isikhundla engenhla, ukushaya engela empambana yonke imibala emithathu timphawu. Kulokhu, akudingekile kulesigaba kungxenye akhethiwe ukufanisa imibala.

Ngemva komunye emagumbini omane cube iqinile, kubalulekile ukuba kahle beka ingxenye emakhoneni asele. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokukhetha omunye inhlanganisela ezimbili ezikhona. Inhlanganisela yokuqala ikuvumela ukuba ushintshashintsha emabhuloki idayagonali, kwesibili - eduze. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kahle beka zonke cubes ekhoneni, kuyadingeka kuphela ukukhetha inhlanganisela kwesokudla. Le nhlanganisela kungaba kanje: VFPVP'V'F '(1) FVF'V'L'V'L (2).

Isenzo № 3. Phenduka cubes topsheet

Zonke inhlanganisela ekhiqizwa kulesigaba yokuhlangana Cube le Rubik sika, kumele abhanqiwe. Ekuqaleni, omunye kumelwe ujike engela (isib esiphikisa), khona-ke owesibili, kodwa kolunye uhlangothi ngokuhambisana inhlanganisela yesibili (ngokwewashi). Lezi zinyathelo ezifanayo zingenziwa amagumbi amathathu ukuthi kufanele baphendukele ohlangothini olufanayo (kuleli cala kathathu, enye yalezi inhlanganisela).

Kuleli qophelo, kungase kubonakale sengathi cube isibe kuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu ifomu, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukuze futhi ubuyele ababebuthene cube umbono, kubalulekile ukuze uphendukisa ngenye ngakolunye uhlangothi nje lokhu akwenzeki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi imisebenzi eqhubekayo, umane ukushintshanisa ubuso phezulu nje engela ezithile uzobe elise ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla. Inhlanganisela: P'N2PFN2F '(3) FN2F'P'N2P (4).
Amagumbi amathathu ezidinga ajikelezwe luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, ungase futhi usebenzise ezinye izinketho inhlanganisela. Ngokwesibonelo, cube kungenziwa kahle ukuze engela akhethiwe waphendukela kude phezulu kwesokunxele.

Ukuze afeze ukujika eyomunye emakhoneni ezintathu kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ngokwewashi, ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ezilandelayo: (VFPVP'V'F ') 2 (5) - inhlanganisela (1) wenza kabili; V2FV2F'V'FV'F 'noma (6); noma FVF2LFL2VLV2 (7);
Ukuzungelezisa ye-engeli efanayo, kodwa kungase kwenziwe isiqondiso ngokwewashi ngokwenza inhlanganisela ezinjalo: (FVPV'P'F'V ') 2 (8) - inhlanganisela (2) kwenziwa kabili; FVF'VFV2F'V2 noma (9); noma V2L'V'L2F'L'F2V'F '(10).

Eqinisweni, Cube inhlangano 2x2 Rubik sika kungaba elula ngisho nejabulisayo. Into eyinhloko ukuba banamathele algorithm ngenhla echazwe yezenzo, bese konke Kuyophumela ethubeni. Bese ungathatha ngokuphepha puzzle inselele nakakhulu!