Ulwazi ifilosofi - ukuthi epistemology cwaningo kanye epistemology

Ilukuluku ngalokho obusizungezile, ezama ukuthola ukuthi ukwakha kanjani indawo yonke, kanye isifiso ukungena engaziwa ezweni ngale, njalo ngemvume yingqondo yomuntu. Lapho abantu benomuzwa okuthile, isipiliyoni noma bagcine kwenzekani kwabanye, ziba futhi silungise, befuna ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ukuqonde lokho isimo, kodwa futhi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba bafunde iqiniso. Ulwazi ifilosofi ingenye imibuzo ethakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba ifilosofi uzama ukuzithethelela futhi uchaze izinqubo ezihlukahlukene ezenzeka ubuchopho bomuntu, futhi ezihlose ukuthola ulwazi.

Inqubo yokufunda liyinkimbinkimbi okungaphezu kokumane ekuqongeleleni ulwazi - it is a lokudala, amasiko nezenhlalo; sihilela izindlela okunengqondo hhayi kuphela, kodwa enembile futhi kungokoqobo yokucabanga. Yingakho ulwazi wefilosofi kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi, okuyinto waziphatha nesigaba okhethekile theory, ngokuthi epistemology noma epistemology. Ukuqala epistemology njengoba kungaba njalo egatsheni ekhethekile wefilosofi ukubeka Scot Ferrier ekhulwini XIX. Lokhu isiyalo zefilosofi uyafundelwa kanjani izindlela nezimiso Kutfola lwati futhi indlela lapho yolwazi iwukuthi, yini maqondana layo emhlabeni wangempela, uma unazo imingcele, futhi ikuphi ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi okufundiwe, futhi labo uyazi. Ziningi ezahlukene eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma yolwazi, ukugxeka nomunye ayenikela imiqondo eziningi ezikhuluma ngalokho okwakuyokwenziwa ulwazi kuyiqiniso futhi enokwethenjelwa, iziphi imibono yayo futhi kungani sonke bayakwazi ukuzwa ngezwe futhi ngokwabo.

Kafushane, zefilosofi kule ndawo kwakuhilela kuvisisa kungani kukhona ulwazi; singakwazi kanjani ukucacisa ukuthi wokwazi kokuba ngokuqiniseka futhi iqiniso, kunokuba kube ukwahlulelwa olukha phezulu (noma umbono), noma ngisho futhi kudukisa umkhondo; kanjani lolu lwazi eba, futhi yiziphi kakhulu izindlela cognition. Ifilosofi, kuwo wonke umlando, kuba acute kakhulu umbuzo lokho kunengqondo umuntu nasekutholeni ulwazi abantu, uyawubhidliza kuze kube injabulo noma usizi. Kodwa ukuthi kungase kube yiqiniso, empilweni emphakathini wanamuhla ukuze bathole wonke ulwazi olusha atholwe ukubaluleka kangangokuthi isigaba samanje yentuthuko umphakathi ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi ulwazi, kulapho kangangokuthi kwakusengathi united Imininingwane isikhala lwesintu.

nefilosofi Cognition libukeka inqubo nabanye emphakathini, nemvelo ezibalulekile. Umlando usitshela ukuthi abantu sebekufanelekela hhayi kuphela ukuthola ulwazi olusha, kodwa futhi ukuvikela kubo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile kakhulu ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo kwadingeka, futhi kusadingeka ilahlekelwe ukuphila kwayo, inkululeko, ukuhlukana abathandekayo. Njengoba le nqubo, ithi ayifane nezinye izinhlobo umsebenzi, wafunda ukuhlakanipha kwenkohliso eyize ngendlela efanayo njengoba eliqhutshwa izidingo (isifiso ukuqonda, ukuchaza), izisusa (esisebenzayo noma luyingxenye bokusungula), izinjongo (ukuthola ulwazi, ukuqondisisa iqiniso), izindlela (ezifana observation, ukuhlaziya, nokuzwa, logic, umuzwa, njalo njalo) futhi imiphumela.

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko, okuyinto unesithakazelo umcabango zefilosofi, indlela ulwazi eba. Philosophy ekuqaleni sinqume ukuthi owokuqala hlobo luni lolwazi kuwubuwula, ulwazi abavamile, eyagcina, ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa isiko, ukuthuthukisa, futhi isishiya ukubukeka izimiso theory of ulwazi lwesayensi futhi ukucabanga. Kulesi nefilosofi Kwehlukanisa izimiso nezindlela nalwazi oluqondile zefilosofi nokutadisha ulwazi lwesayensi ethize (ifilosofi nesayensi).

Lezi zazi zefilosofi futhi baye bacabanga ngomlando wesifundazwe kanjalo nendima enqubeni yokufunda odlala uqobo isihloko engazi. Ulwazi ifilosofi - akusiyo kuphela ekutadisheni izinto nezinqubo ezisizungezile umuntu noma indawo uqobo ngokuzimele kuye, kodwa futhi ukuphila kwakhe ngokomoya. Ukwazi, abantu, hhayi nje bayaqaphela ukuthi ukutadisha into zangaphandle, kodwa siyini ekutadisheni nethonya kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi ensimini yabakhuluma bolwazi lwabantu, isimo kuncike engazi, izimiso zayo nezinkolelo bangathonya imiphumela cognition. Ekuhloleni le nkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, zefilosofi izinkomba ezahlukene zafika eziphethweni okuphambene ngokuphelele. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu cognition positivists bagxekwa yokuntuleka umnqopho nabameleli hermeneutic zefilosofi Kunalokho, kubhekwe luhlangotsi sici ezithile cognition womuntu, okuyinto Ngakho kakhudlwana iyashesha, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqiniso.