Imifanekiso Ernst engaziwa: incazelo, isithombe

Phakathi Okugweda ovelele wezwe ugxila endaweni yalo efanele Ernst Neizvestny. Imifanekiso, izithombe zazo kungabonakala zonke izincwadi phezu art kwekhulu lama-20, owakhaphela umbono ongavamile zomhlaba. Imisebenzi engaziwa uhlale liyabonakala futhi ukukhiqiza kwagxila kuwena yokukhuluma yayo nangamandla. ukuphila lomdwebi Kwakungelula, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka silondoloze uphawu zabo, ukuthanda kwabo amancoko nethemba kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.

mlando biography

Ernst Neizvestny Born Apreli 9, 1925 Sverdlovsk. Bazali, udokotela kanye imbongi, wayekade becindezela ku 30s. ithalente womfana ukuvela ekuqaleni kakhulu ebuntwaneni bakhe, waya art esikoleni, futhi umuntu oneminyaka engu-17 engena esikoleni Academy of Fine Arts. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, u-Ernst waya ngokuzithandela ngaphambili futhi ngemva ukuqeqeshwa, waya ukukhonza e amabutho sisemoyeni. Ngo-1945 yena waba ulinyazwa kabi futhi wathumela ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Phakathi nempi yena walimala kanzima okwakubekelwa, Elingaziwa ethulwa isihloko Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Kodwa ngenxa yegama kwakukhona lokudlela, futhi iminyaka engu-28 ye-premium Commission ayikwazanga ukuthola Ernest. Vele ngalesi sikhathi elingaziwa waba ubuyophikisana Khrushchev ngendaba ubuciko, umculi kanye isihloko Hero enganikanga, esikhundleni salo kube nokuthile Order of Red Star. Ngemva kwempi, elingaziwa is ababefundiswe Riga Academy of Arts, i-Institute of them. Surikov, ngesikhathi Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University. Maphakathi nawo-1950, u-Ernst I. kuba umculi emangalisayo, a nonconformist. Ngo-1962 uthatha ingxenye kulo mbukiso yobuciko wesimanje, lo wahlulwa N. S. Hruschevym. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi eSoviet Union kuya engaziwa kuba nzima, futhi ngo-1976 lapho thutha ngowokuqala Switzerland bese US, lapho bayophila kakhulu ezimpilweni zabo. Ngemva ukulungiswa I. ngokuvamile Ernst kwaba eRussia. imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani emaqoqweni yangasese futhi Museum ekhaya futhi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Esingaziwa izikhathi eziningana washada, washiya indodakazi. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-88 waphathwa operation eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iminyaka eminingi waqhubeka ukwakha futhi siphile kuya ngokugcwele. Washona 9 Agasti, 2016, eNew York.

ngendlela yokudala

Kusukela 50s ngasekupheleni elingaziwa isebenza futhi saqala. Okokuqala nje luyasetshenziswa wokuba umqophi wezithombe. Kodwa-yalolucwaningo 70 akhokhe eningi ishadi isikhathi, efanekisa imisebenzi ebhaliwe, njengokuthi "Ubugebengu Ziyisijeziso" by FM Dostoyevsky. ESoviet Union kusukela engaziwa wakwazi ukudlula nemibukiso ezimbili kuphela ngemva kokuba yabekwa sokuhlukunyezwa for ukuzibophezela kwabo avant-garde. Kusukela ngo-1965, yena bahileleke imibukiso West. Ngaphambi kokuya kwelinye izwe Ernst wakwazi ukwakha imikhiqizo USSR 850 ezahlukene. Ngemva ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe elingaziwa iba yilungu lesikhathi esigcwele art izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Selokhu kwathi nhlo ibilokhu elinesimo umkhiqizo eliphezulu kakhulu. Ernst ebaziwe elingaziwa atholwe ukwanda okukhulu, ngokushesha iba usaziwayo. Ngemva kabusha umculi waphinda ngenkuthalo waqala ukusebenza ekhaya. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-20 elingaziwa ekhulwini beqonda emhlabeni wonke njengendlela Classic ephilayo, okuyinhloko.

isitayela lombhali kwabe-Ernst elingaziwa

Kakade emisebenzini yakhe yokuqala yaleli umqophi amasha. Imifanekiso Ernst elingaziwa izoxhumanisa ngendlela ejulile futhi enamandla kufanekisa expressionism. Nguye owasungula yesithombe esiveza entsha kwekhulu lama-20. Indalo yakhe - isingathekiso jikelele nge kunencazelo ejulile zefilosofi, akulona ize, abanye abagxeki bayakungabaza, bazama ukuthola isitayela waso, owayebizwa ngokuthi i akwaziwa "ebaziwe bokusungula." Ezinkondlweni zakhe elivuthiwe Ernst I. ngokuvamile sibhekisela emzimbeni womuntu, izama ukuxhuma nomhlaba ezenziwe ngobungcweti, umculi walibiza ngokuthi "yizenzo." Isihloko umsebenzi wakhe wenziwe nobuntu, kuba nenhlekelele yokuphila komuntu, incazelo yalo engaziwa kakhulu matasa ukuphila kwabo konke. Yena njalo ucele i-hle izinkinga zabantu oyinhloko, yayinesithakazelo ukubonakaliswa esiphezulu umoya womuntu. Kuyizimpawu yakhe abacwaningi ngokubhala isitayela ushayele ngezinga elikhulu, ukusonteka ekhululekile yesithombe, ngezinga eliphezulu ukusebenza isithombe.

I ukubaza edume kakhulu by Ernst elingaziwa

I ifa bokubeka Ernst elingaziwa omkhulu, kuze kube manje akekho waqala ukubala ukuthi zingaki imisebenzi adalwe wizadi. Wayehlala ephethe umthamo omkhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi, ngakho kukhona inani elikhulu kakhulu emisebenzini yakhe yonke. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke yemisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa: litje lesikhumbuto Khrushchev, ebaziwe omkhulu "The Tree of Life 'futhi' Orpheus", laqanjwa "Prometheus kanye nezingane zezwe," lesikhumbuzo "Lotus Flower", ekumeni sculptural ka Andrei Tarkovsky futhi Shostakovich, incwadi yenkolo " inhliziyo Kristu "ebaziwe" ingane Golden "e-Odessa lesikhumbuzo" Renaissance. " Lolu hlu ziba yizingxenye ezincane kakhulu, kusukela imisebenzi umculi kwaba okuningi. ebaziwe Modern akuyona nje collectible, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba ingxenye imvelo womuntu. monumentalists eminingi yanamuhla ukudala imisebenzi okhethekile imizi ehlukahlukene, futhi wayevame ukusebenzela no-Ernst Neizvestny. I ukubaza base efakwe eMoscow esikhathini yokwakha kabusha futhi ngokuvamile ayingxenye master ovuthiwe. Ngakho, enhloko-dolobha Russian ungabona izikhumbuzo ezinjalo umculi njengendlela "Isihlahla Sokuphila", "Revival", itshe eliyinhloko Khrushchev.

Orpheus

imitha ezimbili ebaziwe "Orpheus" Ernst elingaziwa yasungulwa ngo 1962. Lasekuqaleni kugcinwa studio umculi BakaJehova eNew York. Imidwebo kulomsebenzi asetshenziswe ukudala umklomelo imifanekiso TEFI. I Umfanekiso ine isisindo umxhwele - 8.5 kg, futhi ngendlela efanayo "noma umkhulu" yakhe. Umqondo ekudaleni ebaziwe wafika mculi ngemva Khrushchev ochotshoziwe endalweni yakhe ngesikhathi embukisweni. Isithombe imbongi nge esifubeni ziklebhukile, ukudlala "izintambo ngenxa yomphefumulo wakhe," Yebo, u-Ernst I. idluliselwe izigigaba ezamehlela ngesikhathi.

Isihlahla zokuphila

Global, izinkinga zabantu zihlale nentshisekelo abaculi ezinkulu ezifana Ernst Neizvestny. Ukuqopha "Isihlahla Sokuphila" futhi "Prometheus kanye nezingane zezwe", wadala endabeni izinganekwane enikelwe imibuzo jikelele yokuphila, okuhle nokubi. I "Isihlahla Sokuphila" umbhali, alisho nje ukuya motifs waseBhayibhelini, kodwa futhi nezimpawu zezinye izinkolo, kanye izakhi izinkolelo isiqhingi. Ngo ebaziwe, ungabona ubuso abantu babo bonke ubudala, kusukela ku-Adamu no-Eva ukuba Yuri Gagarin. Umvuthwandaba lonke Ukwakheka akusilo ize inhliziyo yomuntu, njengoba iwuphawu yokuphila futhi umuzwa. Ongaziwa wasebenza phezu kwendalo neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. Namuhla ebaziwe imele eMoscow, futhi kungase cabanga yimuphi umuntu.

lesikhumbuzo Khrushchev

Isibonelo ematfuba ezingalindelekile zokuphila kubhekwe njengento esiveza Khrushchev. Ernst Neizvestny ngo-1960, ngemva Khrushchev naphula smithereens indalo yakhe, ebiza akwaziwa "art ngamahlumela ezinga eliphansi omunye", ayikwazanga ukuthengisa umsebenzi owodwa. Iminyaka 15 uye wathengisa ingqikithi 4 umsebenzi, ayikwazanga ukuthola oda isimo, ubesebenza njengomshayeli Loader. Ngakho-ke, ukuze Khrushchev ngesikhathi elingaziwa Kwakuyisimo sengqondo kuyaqondakala ezimbi. Nokho, lapho, emva kokufa Khrushchev sika, izihlobo zakhe ecelwa ukuba enze umqophi itshe lethuna bavumelana. He qamba laqanjwa ngokuthi njengesifenqo anomqondo umzabalazo nobunye eziphikisanako, ukukhanya kuphelela khona ebumnyameni. Umsebenzi imi ethuneni Khrushchev sika at Novodevichy Amathuna.

imaski zokudabuka

Ernst Neizvestny, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu okuyinto kungabonwa eminyuziyamu engcono zezwe, ngokuvamile emsebenzini wakhe ukhuluma isihloko yokuntuleka nenkululeko umzimba nomoya. Wayengundunankulu waseSamoa iminyaka eminingana ababesebenza esakhiweni we lesikhumbuzo memory zezisulu yokucindezelwa eSoviet Union, eyaziwa ngokuthi "The Mask sokufa." Ngesimo engokomfanekiso umculi lidlulisela umqondo wokuhlanzeka ubuzenzisi wezombusazwe Soviet. Lwenza uphawu yokulila, bafati kanye nabomake, ababelindele iziboshwa ezingenacala. Ngaphakathi lesikhumbuzo kabusha umfuziselo of esitokisini, lapho ungakwazi ukugibela isitebhisi yensimbi njengoba umbhoshongo ejele. imitha-15 lesikhumbuzo okusezingeni eliphezulu iyabonakala kusukela cishe kuphi emzini yaseMagadana - ngeziphansi dolobha amakamu kwamaSoviet.

Lotus Exige imbali

Echaza ebaziwe Ernst elingaziwa, singakhohlwa lesikhumbuzo ezinkulu "Lotus Flower" eGibhithe. Isikhumbuzo wabonakalisa ubungani Soviet-Arab futhi wamiswa eduze Aswan Idamu. Lokhu grand imitha-75 ukwakhiwa elingaziwa wadala ngokubambisana abaklami ezimbili, kamuva wazama understate indima le umqophi emsebenzini lo msebenzi. Kanti-ke nje imidwebo Ernst Iosifovich avumele iqembu abalobi ukuze uwine umncintiswano lesikhumbuzo. Namuhla, yena phakathi ezikhumbuzo eziyishumi eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. wonke Ebusweni engaphakathi imbali lihlotshiswe imifanekiso lezinombolo ngu Ernst elingaziwa.

inhliziyo kukaKristu

Ernst Neizvestny, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu okuyizinto amaqoqo enhle kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ahlonishwe ukudala isiqephu ukuthi lilondolozwe Museum Vatican. I ebaziwe "Inhliziyo kaKristu" - ukushintshashintsha on isihloko kwesiphambano lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Umdwebi kudala Ukwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi, esemgwaqweni maphakathi esiphambanweni, kodwa lesi sibalo kaKristu lizungezwe inhlangano ethile, efanekisela ubuhlungu, ukwesaba, ukuklabalasa womuntu. Bengifuna ukuthenga umsebenzi uPapa John Paul II, kodwa umqophi walinika umpristi, futhi manje ihlobisa Museum Vatican.

Imiklomelo kanye inkumbulo

Imifanekiso Ernst elingaziwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni. ENew York ngo umculi wabuthela iqoqo ezinhle imisebenzi yakhe. Kukhona iqoqo ezithakazelisayo ezweni Ernst Iosifovich, e eYekaterinburg. Lapha zigcinwa ukubaza eziningana futhi eziningi ihluzo. Edolobheni IsiSwidi Uttersberge kukhona Museum neqoqo elincane kodwa ezinhle imisebenzi yi-master. Kodwa imisebenzi eyinhloko umculi kukhona emigwaqweni emadolobheni emhlabeni wonke, ezinye zitholakala amangcwaba abadumile.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, u-Ernst Neizvestny lithole imiklomelo eminingi futhi imiklomelo phesheya. Homeland wabuye wanikeza intela umculi. Yena yanikezelwa Order "Ukuze Merit" Medal Ukuhlonishwa, Umklomelo State of the Russian Federation.