Hundertwasser House. Vienna ezikhangayo

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezikhanga izivakashi Ifana nozibuthe. Omunye wabo Hundertwasser House (Vienna, e-Austria). Kutholwe emgwaqweni ethokomele enkabeni yedolobha, ke edonsela abedlula yasekuqaleni izakhiwo, imibala egqamile kanye isiyaluyalu zasemazweni. Isakhiwo ngakho ivelele lonke izindlu enhlokodolobha Austria, hhayi ukuphawule futhi balidlulisele ezinganeni akunakwenzeka.

incazelo emfushane

Hundertwasser House eVienna lakhiwa ngesikhathi 1983-1986 inkathi. Kuyinto multi-storey esakhiweni yokuhlala, ehlanganisa 52 zokuhlala, ihhovisi 4, 16 no-3 masimu ezivamile yangasese. Isakhiwo lizungezwe oluhlaza: elise yayo emazingeni ehlukene ku nemengamo ophahleni futhi batshala abangaphezu kuka-250 nezihlahla nemithi. Yaklanyelwa ngomculi Austrian and umklami Friedensreich Hundertwasser e nokubambisana nayo umakhi Josef Cravinho. Abadali uzamile ukwakha ikhaya elihle kakhulu ngekusasa lapho abantu bazokwazi ukuhlala phakathi bemvelo ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele nemvelo.

isakhiwo Iyihlazo kuye kwabangela i boom libonwe bendawo, futhi labo abasifunayo ukuthola impahla kulo kwakungekho ukukhululwa. Kodwa kuze kube isikhathi eside endlini, eduze kwayo amakhulu izivakashi (it kungavunyelwe ukungena esakhiweni uqobo) kuthiwa kuminyanise nsuku zonke, amandla hhayi kubo bonke abantu, + ngakho, ephile kuwo eminyakeni emibili, abantu bathengise ezindlini zabo futhi bathuthele kwamanye, ezindaweni ezinokuthula. Naphezu churn ezinkulu, impahla amanani endlini Hundertwasser njalo eziphakemeyo, ngokuba konke namanje kakhulu ekuqaleni abaningi abafuna ukuphila kuwo.

Ebuntwaneni futhi intsha genius

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukucabangela endlini Hundertwasser, udinga bajwayelane Biography emfushane ka kumdlali, ngoba yalo muntu ufanelwe ukuqashelwa engengaphansi kwengu bakha isakhiwo. Friedrich Stowasser (umsindo ngakho manje igama umakhi sika) wazalelwa e Vienna kudala ngo-1928. Uyise wayengumGreki i-Austria, nomama - umJuda. Ubaba ubuhlakani esizayo wafa ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa indodana yakhe, kanjalo umama womfana wamphakamisa. Esikhathini-yalolucwaningo 30 amandla okubusa eJalimane amaNazi lamelana nabo, futhi ukushushiswa amaJuda aqala e-Europe. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ngo-1937, umama wanquma ukubhapathiza Friedrich okuncane emkhubeni lamaKatolika.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili libhujiswa ngo okuhlushwa zonke izihlobo wezakhiwo esizayo, kuhlanganise nonina. Yena ngokwakhe wakwazi ukubaleka. Ukufihla imvelaphi yakhe ethi Jewish waze kwenziwe inkonzo amaNazi inhlangano yentsha "i-Hitler Youth." Iminyaka abesabekayo impi engimbumbile uthando insizwa analo emhlabeni futhi isifiso sokuphila ngokuvumelana nemvelo.

Ngo-1948, le nsizwa waqala ukuba khona Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ekuphileni kwakhe kuba ahlobene eduze umsebenzi. Stowasser uthatha igama isigaba Friedensreich Hundertwasser, ehlanganisa amagama ambalwa futhi kwaba ukuhumusha kuzwakala "a amakhulu ezweni elinokuthula yamanzi." Ngaphansi leli gama lapho waziwa emhlabeni wonke.

Ukubukwa Hundertwasser izakhiwo

Umakhi olwaluzoba bahlala ezindlini ibhokisi-like grey futhi zomile kuyalimaza kakhulu kokubili empilweni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. uhlalwe ngabantu Perfect, wacabanga elinothe imbobo elula, lapho kuye kwafeza lukhulu amawindi ngoba ukukhanya. Yilo leli iphupho ekhaya wakha yena lapho wayehlala eNew Zealand. Kuleyo ncwadi izindonga nophahla kwakhiwa entabeni, okuyinto wayevame ukugibela izimvu zidla utshani fresh. Hundertwasser wazonda njalo zeJiyomethri futhi imigqa eqondile. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ngokwemvelo akukho wesimethri, ngakho akufanele kube bokwakha. izakhiwo zabo, noma ngabe lilethwa multi-storey esakhiweni yokuhlala noma isikhungo ihhovisi, wadala ngaphandle engela olulodwa kwesokudla. Zonke ngamacebo akhe zazihlukile imigqa lwalugobile ezihlukahlukene imibala, okuyinto akwazi ukukufeza wokuhlobisa izindonga zomuzi nge KaMose nelulwane sobumba. Le ndlela bavunyelwe ukwakha indlu yesiteleka engavamile, uyakwazi eyodwa kuphela inhlobo yayo ukukhulisa isimo.

Ukuhlela ukwakheka uhambo okuningi, futhi ekupheleni ukuphila kwakhe, bazinza eNew Zealand, lapho ngo-2000, wayesefa. Washiya okuningi esintwini yakhelwe izakhiwo, kodwa inani lakhe lokusungula iyona Hundertwasser House eVienna.

ukwakhiwa

I umqondo wokwakha isakhiwo engavamile necebo umakhi ngasekupheleni 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Kwaphela isikhathi eside lapho besebenza lwendlu idolobha enhle. Hundvertvasser wafuna izindlu nje kuphela ukhululekile komuntu, kodwa futhi wamvumela ukuba uthole eduze nemvelo, okuyinto izimo zokuphila enhloko-dolobha, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu entulekayo. Ngo-1979, okuyinhloko wakha imodeli zendlu ka iimbumbeko futhi ngemva konyaka lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda umbono wayeseboshwe ekugcineni kwakhiwa. Laqala ukwakhiwa ngo-July 16, 1983 futhi yathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-3 iminyaka. Phakathi naso sonke isikhathi Hundertwasser kwaba ngokwakhe lapho kwakhiwa indlu, wacosha amasango kuye, wenza ingxube wokwakha, izitini namatshe.

incazelo yangaphandle

Olungaphambili lwesonto uye zivulelwe emangalisayo variegated. efulethini ngamunye kuso uyashiywa omakhelwane bayo ngokusebenzisa imibala ehlukene kanye imigqa agobile. Umakhi wayeqiniseka ukuthi izakhiwo eziyinhloko emafasiteleni, lapho igumbi uthola elangeni. Ukuze yabo design master 13 izinhlobo iwindi ezahlukene, okuyinto zingafani usayizi, ukuma nombala wazo yasungulwa. Ukunikeza yonke nokubukisa uzimele ziye phambili wanezelwa nge KaMose tile nelulwane. Multi-storey esakhiweni yokuhlala Kwatholakala efana anemibala Quilt, kodwa lokhu akuzange kuwumise Hundertwasser. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi bonke abantu abahlala kulo muzi ezindlini kwalesi sakhiwo engavamile wathola ilungelo ukuhlobisa mbumbulu emhlabeni ngamafasitela uma bebona kunesidingo siqu.

Nezihlahla

Umakhi ulinakile kakhulu nengadi ekhaya. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, owawuthi umuntu owakha isakhiwo, entshontshela imvelo ingxenye langensimu yakhe. Ukuze ukubuyisela ibhalansi okhathazekile, kubalulekile ukuba izihlahla isitshalo futhi izingadi Ezezindlu uqobo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, phezu kwendlu, izihlahla, notshani, izimbali kanye notshani sikhule yonke indawo: ku bophahla, amathala, niches, balcony nezindonga. Ezinye izitshalo umbuso ngisho ukuphatha ukuba kumile amafasitela. Nge indlela yokuqala enjalo Hundertwasser waqaphela umqondo wakhe ezintsha ngemithi-abaqashile. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo zasemazweni abaqashi ukukhokha intela amafulethi ebadalela cool, umoya ohlanzekile kusukela amagesi qeda kanye ukubukeka elimnandi.

Columns, eziqoshiwe kanye yamatshe

Izivakashi zijwayele yokuthi izakhiwo Austria libhekene ukuzibamba nangamafuphi amafomu, bayamangala ukubona isakhiwo esiphawuleka njengalesi othile emgwaqweni ophithizelayo eVienna. Ukuze okwedlula kumlethela ekhethekile sekugcineni: olungaphambili lwesonto indlu lihlotshiswe amakholomu eziningi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene futhi shades. Abenzi kuphela basekelwe multi-storey izakhiwo, kodwa futhi usenze sibukeke ethokomele kakhulu futhi romantic. Kungokufanayo injongo ukubaza eziningi itshe, ise niches izindonga.

Ukunambitheka ekhethekile kunikeza isakhiwo wamatshana, okuyinto lihlotshiswe efana olungaphambili lwesonto yayo futhi egumbini amafulethi. amaphethini emibalabala zibekwe ukuba imidwebo wokulungiselela, futhi noma ngayiphi indlela, ngaleyo ndlela nokufeza umphumela kalula nangendlela engokwemvelo, futhi umbono wabantu, uma izakhiwo kungekho engeli kwesokudla.

Ikakhulukazi phansi futhi izindonga

Hundertwasser wazama alondoloze asymmetry engokwemvelo imvelo, hhayi kuphela ekubukekeni kwangaphandle wokwakha, kodwa futhi elingaphakathi yayo. Master kwaba nezinkinga ezithile unyawo kubantu uvuke yokuthi bahamba olelezekileyo. Ukuze ube abalimi babengaphansi izikhalazo ezempilo, wayeyisazi wadala endlini izibuya engalingani, ebusweni okudlulela nxazonke amagagasi zingcolile. Izindonga e ezitebhisini Hundertwasser futhi wadala jagged futhi ukuhlomisa ngodaka, ukuvumela izingane ukudweba phezu kwabo.

Indlela ukuthola isakhiwo?

Uma ufuna ukuthola Hundertwasser House eVienna kwimephu, kufanele ufune indawo Landstrabe, etholakala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-dolobha. Kukulo muzi lapho, ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo u Levengasse futhi Kegelgasse, futhi itholakala isakhiwo multi anemibala esiyingqayizivele. Lesi sakhiwo kuyinto intandokazi tour iziqondiso. Lesi sakhiwo njalo esondela ukuvakasha amabhasi kanye izivakashi izithombe kungemuva ezihlotshisiwe izindonga zakhe multi anemibala. Kuye ukuthola kalula indlela yabo izihambi ngubani ngokuzimela ukuzohlola izinto Vienna. Incazelo kanjani ukuthola indlu, kukhona wonke amapheshana izivakashi.

Ungaba nezimo zengqondo kuya Hundertwasser House. Abanye abantu beze kulo njengento ejabulisayo, kuyilapho abanye bakubheka njengodumo ayinangqondo futhi ngokupheleleyo kunganambitheki. Kodwa kunento eyodwa ecacile: ekudalweni akekho umakhi komuntu akabashiyi ngabandayo. Futhi ukuze uthole umbono wabo siqu ukwakhiwa, kubalulekile ukuza Vienna ukubona ke mathupha.