Umlando Economic ngomcabango

Emlandweni wesayensi yezomnotho isikhathi eside impela isikhathi eside futhi ecebile. Abantu njalo ithande izinqubo ezithinta ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ukuchuma kwabo.

Isihloko umlando nezimfundiso kwezomnotho of bakha ezigabeni kumiswa emnothweni, big-isikhathi sakhe ukuthuthukiswa ingxenye kanye nenguquko. Iphinde uhlola ngokuningiliziwe iziqondiso eyinhloko umcabango kwezomnotho alawula nenkathi ethile.

Ngeshwa, lesi sihloko ayingeni wonke umlando wokucabanga kwezomnotho. Kungenzeka kuphela ukhombise izigaba ezisemqoka ukuthuthukisa izikole kanye izitayela kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.

Umlando komnotho wenarha yabo boke izimfundiso iqala Aristotle uPlato ezama ngandlela-thile nokumisa ulwazi bazazi kule ndawo. Ikakhulukazi usizo oluyigugu ngu-Aristotle. Waqale ngokuthi sezomnotho isayensi, watadisha imisebenzi yezomnotho, uye wazakhela imfundiso yokuziphendukela amanani, futhi izindleko imali.

Umsuka wegama elithi "umnotho" esakuthola Xenophon - mlando nomlobi kusukela Ancient Greece. Igama liqukethe amagama amabili, okuyinto zinenani ohlangene "umthetho ukuphathwa kwezomnotho."

Umlando Economic ngomcabango ixhuma nge nokwahlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kanye exchange kwetinhlavu umphakathi emnothweni sisonke yonkana isimo. Lokhu kusikisela kunesidingo nolwazi umnotho wezwe lonke. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-17 A. ekhulwini Montchretien kokushicilela indatshana ku wezomnotho kwezombangazwe iye yakufakazela ukuthi injongo eyinhloko ukukhiqiza ukudayisa, futhi wanika igama yokugcina isayensi abasha. Lokhu Economist, futhi Zhan Batist Kolber, Thomas Maine, I. T. Pososhkov - abameleli mercantilism, kuqhakanjiswe umcabango kwezomnotho ngaleso sikhathi. At inhliziyo ukuchuma zesizwe, babone ekuqongeleleni amatshe ayigugu.

Ngaleyo minyaka efanayo, kukhona iphuzu okuphambene buka, okusibonisa abalandeli isikole we Physiocrats. Babekholelwa ukuthi kuphela lomtshikatshika abasebenzi ayehlezi phansi kungaletha izimali ukuthi kude izindleko. Zonke ezinye imisebenzi kuphela wahlanganyela ukucutshungulwa ukudla, hhayi esikhiqiza noma yini entsha.

Futhi-ke, wonke umlando wokucabanga kwezomnotho kakhulu ukukholelwa ngaphandle zabuna ezifana nesayensi, njengoba u-Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Zwi uDavide Ricardo. Ezindabeni eziningi ayenokungafani, kodwa sasiqinile eziningi izimfanelo ezibenza babe munye. Ngakho, babiza isimo hhayi aphazamise izinqubo zezomnotho futhi sanikeza ngabanye inkululeko kwezomnotho bavunyelwe ukuncintisana ngokukhululekile. isifiso Yabantu (njengoba isihloko ngokuyinhloko kwezomnotho) ukwanda umcebo wakho ngempela kufaka ukuphindwaphindwa umcebo nasemphakathini wonkana. U-Adam Smith ngokuthi indlela yokuzithiba ngokulungisa komnotho sika "isandla ongabonakali." Ngakho uqondisa abakhiqizi futhi abathengi ukuze waphawula yakhoibrium kwezomnotho. Esimisweni ezinjalo ngeke usinde imisebenzi eside, ekhiqizwa izimpahla insalela noma kusilela ukuba azwakale. Abalandeli u-Adam Smith, futhi ekholelwa ukuthi hhayi kuphela ezolimo kudala ingcebo izizwe, futhi amandla emisebenzi kanye nezinye amakilasi.

Iqiniso lokuthi umnotho emakethe okubonisa, wadala imfundiso kaZiqu-Marx. Yayisekelwe izindleko zomsebenzi futhi ngacabanga ukuthi ingcebo abantu iwumsebenzi Amasosha. Ngaphandle ekhokhela umsebenzi abasebenzi abavamile, le capitalists benza inzuzo enkulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela umphakathi lihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili, abacebile nabampofu. Futhi ngaphakathi uhlelo Capitalist ngempela uthuthuva revolution yesigaba sabasebenzi. Ekusebenteni, imfundiso yokuziphendukela Economist German alikaqinisekiswa.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, u-Alfred Marshall waba umsunguli isiqondiso neoclassical. Akabanga ukuthi inhlalakahle abakhiqizi futhi abathengi ukufinyelela esiphezulu yayo kuphela uma abadlali kwezomnotho uzokwazi ukuncintisana ngokukhululekile.