TPP - ukuthi? TPPs Ukrainian

amandla Ukrainian yakhiwa izinkampani amandla Generating zonke izinhlobo kungenzeka - izitshalo amandla ezishisayo, iziteshi amandla kagesi, enuzi izitshalo amandla. Ukuzinza Uhlobo lokuqala kakhulu ukuthonywa izimo zamanje kwezomnotho, Ukuwohloka okuyinto ngenxa izimpahla encishisiwe amalahle ne Donbass.

Ukunqunywa TPP

Ngakho, TES - isitshalo amandla, okuyinto amandla amayunithi iqale iguqulelwe e chemical amandla combusted hydrocarbon fuel (amalahle, igesi, amafutha) ku energy ezishisayo umusi, abese amandla mechanical Rotor enophephela abaphehla ugesi futhi ugesi zokuvumelanisa, futhi ekugcineni ibe amandla kagesi okukhishwa the Windings we stator kuya samandla.

TPP kungaba ezinkulu ngamandla Izinsiza ephethe namandla ayizinkulungwane eziningana MW, futhi izinto elincane esukela emakhulwini ambalwa kW ukuze MW eziningana.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana omlilo of a hydrocarbon fuel ekushayweni emkhathini we yenqwaba igesi flue, le TES - kuba sina ukungcola isici imvelo. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi lezi zinkampani uhlale ngaphansi kokuhlolisisa njengoba inkonzo yasobala lokulawula kwemvelo kanye nomphakathi.

ngezigaba TPP

It wenziwa ngesisekelo umklamo kwamandla abo amayunithi. Izinhlobo eziningana abahlukene.

1. kubhayela-ophephela izitshalo amandla ezishisayo - ES kuyisinyathelo angangabazeki ukukhiqizwa umusi. Njengengxenye amandla abo units umusi boilers futhi umusi abaphehla ugesi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• ukufingqa ES (yalolucwaningo). Ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet bebizelwa isimo amandla wesifunda (TPP). Bakha ugesi kuphela.

• ukushisa Kuhlanganiswe namandla (CHP). Lezi zinkampani kufanele, ngokungafani kuya yalolucwaningo, ngaphandle igezi, bayanda umsebenzi ukwenziwa umusi kanye namanzi ashisayo for bafudumale.

2. Igesi ephendulwa ngamanzi ES. Lezi Energoagregat kungekho boilers umusi, igesi abaphehla ugesi namandla drive ligijima ashisayo amagesi flue ezivezwa evutha fuel (igesi yemvelo, u-diesel).

3. Kuhlanganiswe-umjikelezo ezishisayo amandla plant - kuyinto Analogue of CHP lapho umusi ikhiqizwa ngenxa yokushisa bokungasetshenziswa amagesi flue akhishwe abaphehla ugesi gas.

4. Diesel Electric.

5. Combined ES.

Izici Jikelele woMnyango wezaMandla Ukraine

Leli zwe izitshalo ezine ngamandla enuzi, le kubangela amahlanu esiteshini enamandla kagesi ku Dnieper, Dniester PSP, eziningi emifula iziteshi amandla phezu kwemifula yaseTranscarpathia, kanye abangaba ngamashumi ayisihlanu TPP futhi CHPP ezikhundleni ezehlukene - kusuka 20 MW (Lviv TPP-1) kufika ku-3600 MW, okuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke ezishisayo amandla plant - Zaporizhia. Linamandla efanayo futhi Uglegorsk TPS, kodwa eduze umugqa ngxabano ku Donbass, futhi usebenza part-time.

E-Ukraine, Enobunye Energy System (UES), okubandakanya nane TPP, izitshalo amandla ezine zenuzi, izitshalo eziyisikhombisa Hydropower, ezintathu isitoreji akhishwa, kanye ezincane iziteshi amandla ayisishiyagalolunye eziyisikhombisa CHP, emifula umoya amapulazi, njll Ses. Kufakiwe umthamo Electric ECO Ukraine 53.780.000 kWh . Ngo-2012 bona yayikhiphe 198 119 000 000 kW ∙ h kukagesi.

Kulesi isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi inikezwe amandla esitebeleni kungakhathaliseki isikhathi inethiwekhi sosuku, futhi TPP Ukraine, kuhlanganise HPP yayo ukusebenza umthamo variable, camera iphakama diurnal.

The main inkampani amandla Generating

igezi eyodwa esikhathini UPS Ukraine eyenziwa ES okuqondene izinkampani amandla Generating wabayisikhombisa, sahlala naye ukuba. Kulawa, izinkampani abane ephethe namandla Imininingwane efakwe eziyizigidi ezingu-18.2 kW - "Kyivenergo", "Dniproenergo", "Zapadenergo" "Vostokenergo" - ingxenye IDonetsk Okokhelekayo kanye Energy Inkampani (DTEK), okuyinto, ngokusebenzisa inkampani ephethe "System Capital Management" ilawula oligarch Rinat Akhmetov. inkampani encane "Donbassenergo" nge umthamo efakwe eziyizigidi ezingu-2,855 KW elawula inkampani "Energoinvest Holding" kusuka IDonetsk. Ekugcineni, izinkampani ezimbili ezisele bangaphansi ukulawula kukahulumeni. Lokhu "Centerenergo" nge umthamo olufakiwe eziyizigidi ezingu-7,575 kilowatts futhi Nak "Enerhoatom 'nge umthamo olufakiwe 14, abayizigidi ezingu-140 kilowatts.

Izinkinga TPPs Ukrainian

Inkinga eyinhloko ukunciphisa okuphawulekayo supply amalahle kusuka Donbass, kanye ukungabi nemali yokunakekela ukuthenga yayo. amalahle kusilela kuyinkinga evamile kwezifunda zonke kanye nezinkampani amandla Generating.

It waqala ngo-June futhi emafektri CHP namanje uhhafu ezingenalutho. March no-April samalahle ezishisayo izitshalo amandla lase-Ukraine landa kusuka 750 kuya kwezingu-850. Tonnes. Futhi konge cishe ekuqaleni isizini Ukushisa, ubuncane engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-3, kanye zibe ngcono - amathani 4 million amalahle.

Uma emafektri ugcwele kancane efanayo, bese ebusika bayozibuthela amathani hhayi ningi than 1.3-1.5 kwezigidi ezingu kwamalahle. Ngezinye esitokisini efanayo okuncane yokugcina ebusika saba ukwethula umkhuba wokusebenzisa kweqa ugesi wawuphela, futhi emazweni ECO ungazange zigoqiwe kuphela ngenxa amalahle Russian nogesi.

Nokho, zokugcina ebusika kwakuhluke kakhulu efudumele. Uma amakhaza kuyoba ungaguli kakhulu, futhi amalahle uzohlala njengoba izinkinga kancane siqale umthelela ngisemncane kakhulu futhi obubaluleke kakhulu izakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi (engasasetshenziselwa ziyaqhubeka).

Ehlobo lika-TPP kumele sisebenze at umthamo enciphile ukuze ECO yayo kusilela ifinyelela 3 million kW. Ngokusho isipiliyoni ngonyaka odlule, ekuseni ebusika ke zingandiswa kuze kufinyelele 6 million kW, bese ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi babengeke zineminyaka yesithwathwa kanzima.

Intuthuko yamuva nje kule umkhakha weze-energy Ukraine

Ekupheleni kuka-May, kwakukhona izenzakalo ezimbili ephezulu iphrofayela ephathelene ne-TPP stop. Ngakho, inkampani "Donbassenergo" Slavyanskaya TPS wayeka, futhi inkampani isimo "Centrenergo" - ukusebenza Zmiev TPP ku Kharkiv esifundeni.

Kulokhu, ukumisa Slavic TPP umnini wayo osolwa isimo Ukraine, inkampani yenqaba ukukhokhela ugesi enikeziwe. Inkinga ithonywe zezombusazwe sobala, njengoba omunye ezishisayo amandla plant yenkampani "Donbassenergo" - Starobeshevskaya - elise-DNI. Isikweletu ingqikithi inkampani isimo "Amandla", okuholela zasemizaneni zonke izinkampani energogeneneriruyuschimi futhi ugesi, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale "Donbassenergo" namuhla ifinyelela mayelana $ 72 million zamanje exchange rate.

Zmiev TPP okumisiwe umsebenzi kuphela ngenxa yokuntuleka amalahle, okuyinto kwanele kuphela eyodwa. Nokho, kuyinto kwezomnotho disadvantageous. Ngakho-ke, esiteshini luthemba ukulondoloza ilahle izilinganiso ezingamakhulu amabili nantathu.