Izimpawu emakethe mahhala futhi izici zayo, indlela emakethe kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo. Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko emakethe khulula?

I khulula emakethe manje kakhulu kubonakala ngefilosofi libertarian. Kodwa lokho kuba ekahle, futhi noma ngabe likhona manje phansi okungenani endaweni ethile? Futhi uma unentshisekelo izibonakaliso emakethe khulula futhi izici zayo, khona-ke ufunda lesi sihloko lesifanele ukuthi linazo izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo yakho.

Uyini khulula emakethe kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono?

I khulula emakethe ibizwa ngokuthi imakethe ukuthi ayikho ngaphansi noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ngaphandle (kuhlanganise kungekho umthetho kahulumeni). Yonke umsebenzi isimo kukhawulwe ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo impahla, futhi amanani esungulwe kuphela ngesisekelo nezidingo imikhiqizo, kanye izivumelwano phakathi abakhiqizi.

Kodwa ngempela inkinga okuphawulekayo ukuqalisa le yekuphila. Izizathu baqamekela izici zokwenza ibhizinisi emazweni ahlukahlukene, amadivayisi zezombusazwe, khona kanye nezici ukusebenza izindlela emakethe. Futhi ngenkathi isimo uhlala ukuthi khulula emakethe neze imfundiso alawula emnothweni. Kungani becabanga kanjalo?

Izimpawu emakethe khulula

Ngo i ekahle emakethe khulula ubuswa umthetho ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona. Kuthinta intengo igcina ukulinganisela kubhalansisa isidingo imikhiqizo. Kulokhu, imikhiqizo anikezwa yi-abathengi, ngalokho okuthandwa zabo siqu. ukuziphatha khulula kwem kuba nokuxhumana nonlinear ebukhoneni ejenti amaningi. Isibonelo isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama komugqa ekuxhumaneni kukhona Bubbles zokucabangela emakethe ingcebo kwamabhange wezinkomo ukuziphatha Ukuhwebelana isitokwe ezitolo.

Ekusebenteni, kungashiwo ukuthi i-emakethe - lokhu kuyinto Abstraction ephelele yengxoxo. Kodwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela kungaba wusizo phakathi ukuhlaziya izimakethe yangempela kanye nokuxhumana izindlela zabo. Sebenzisa khulula emakethe theory ukuhlaziywa emnothweni isithunzi futhi ngomgunyathi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye zezomnotho ukhombe eziningi izinqubo (ezifana ukudayiswa kwezidakamizwa okungekho emthethweni) ezingaba basebenze ngokulondeka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa uhulumeni.

emakethe indlela

Ngaphansi emakethe indlela yokuhumusha isho ukuxhumana indlela nobudlelwano obuphakathi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesimiso emakethe: ukuthengisela, funa, futhi izindleko ukuncintisana. Isebenza ngesisekelo imithetho izinguquko funa, ukuthengisela, intengo yakhoibrium ukuncintisana phakathi abadlali komnotho, Umbuso indawo, ukubaluleka kanye inzuzo. Kuyinto supply main uphoqe, ngoba ukuxhumana kwabo (njengoba theorists bakholwe) enquma ukuthi kuzokwenziwa futhi ngaleyo ntengo igcwaliseke. Futhi izici eziyinhloko khulula emakethe: emakethe indlela kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo, ngoba ukuvumela umnotho ukuthuthukisa ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Amanani, esikhundleni salokho, bubonakala njengethuluzi elibalulekile emakethe enikeza amalungu ayo ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze senze izinqumo mayelana nokwenyuka ekukhiqizeni izimpahla noma isifinyezo yayo. Imininingwane yilokhu ngesivinini notshwala cash phakathi imikhakha.

Umsebenzi mshini emakethe

Uyini lo mshini emakethe, kuyacaca. Futhi iyini ukusebenza yayo? Yini simthinta? Umsebenzi emakethe indlela:

1. Imininingwane. Ukwazisa ngesimo ngesidingo ukwenza ukukhiqizwa noma ukunqinda yokukhiqiza yayo, kanye nokudlulisela idatha lapho inzuzo kakhulu ukuwudayisa.
2. Elingumlawuli. Mshini emakethe ikuvumela ukudala isimo ezokwenza ukwanelisa ngangokunokwenzeka futhi nomkhiqizi izimpahla, futhi umthengi. Kukhona njalo zifunana kusho zegolide: abakhiqizi owufunayo ngenani letitabavumela ukumaketha ngempumelelo imikhiqizo yabo, futhi abathengi - imikhiqizo ukuhlangabezana izinga yabo futhi intengo.
3. Intengo. Kusukela umakhi kumele babe engenayo esuka nemisebenzi yabo, kodwa qinani ukuze izimbangi, amanani kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile.
4. Umqondo. Uma ezinye izimpahla ezikhiqizwa kakhulu ke kungangena wentengo phansi noma izinkampani amandla ukwehlisa ivolumu zokukhiqiza.
5. Ukuvusa. Kusukela nabakhiqizi usongo njalo uhlanganyela mncintiswano, ngakho njengoba singalahlekelwa yawo emakethe, babophekile ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo engcono, imali yabo esisha futhi sithuthukisa imikhiqizo yayo.

Njengoba kunqunywa ukuthi emakethe khulula?

Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko emakethe mahhala, ukuthi uzothi kahle ukuthi nguye hhayi enye indlela inhlangano yomsebenzi wezomnotho? Ekhuluma emakethe khulula, manje kwakusho ukukhululeka ethonyeni uhulumeni. Njengoba imingcele ukuthi kutholakale izinga inkululeko, esivame ukubizwa imingcele amahlanu ahlukene. Ukuze kungabi bikho clog oyinhloko yabo bonke, isihloko uzonikezwa kuphela kulabo okwamanje aziyona impikiswano. Ngakho, khulula emakethe kuwuphawu:

1. inqubomgomo Trade isimo.
2. Inqubomgomo yemali kahulumeni.
3. Izinga kokungenela kukahulumeni emnothweni.
4. Usayizi umthwalo wezimali zikahulumeni.
5. Ubukhulu of ngokukhululeka kwemali, ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle kanye nesiqondiso sabo.
6. Asho abe nendawo yakhe yangasese futhi kanjani it lelipelwe emthethweni isimo.
7. WokuLawula izinqubo zezomnotho emphakathini wombuso.
8. Isikhundla amabhange kanye emkhakheni wezezimali.
9. Isimo yizinkokhelo, amanani kanye amandla wokuthenga.
10. imisebenzi yezomnotho lokungakahleleki.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ethandwa kakhulu umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu ukuchuma amazwe kwezomnotho khulula kwasekuqaleni, empeleni kukhona ukuphikisa ngempela okukhulu bona ngekwabo kubalulekile kulendlela. Ngakho, izifundo eziningana ososayensi, kwatholakala ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi isimiso sezombusazwe kanye nokukhula komnotho azitholakali, futhi isimo lithembela ngokuphelele kubantu.

isiphetho

Ingxenye khulula emakethe theorists cabangela uhlobo yemvelo self-inhlangano yomphakathi, ukholelwa ukuthi ziyoba khona noma yimuphi umphakathi lapho kuyoba izithiyo. Iningi lezazi isihlobo kwemibono mayelana khulula umnotho umphumela siyenzeka maqondana nesikhathi esithile ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi futhi ekuqaleni kuka Renaissance. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, manje khulula ukuze azibonele emnothweni kuyinkinga, ngoba kuyilapho izimiso yenhlangano yomsebenzi wezomnotho kwamanye amazwe futhi kunezimpawu emakethe khulula, ukugcwaliseka okugcwele kwalesi mode ukusebenza umnotho emhlabeni okwamanje.