Imakethe yamahhala: izimpawu, incazelo, izibonelo

Imakethe yamahhala, izimpawu zazo ezikhona ezingeni elikhulu noma elincane ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuphatha, kufanele zihlolwe ngabacwaningi bezomnotho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uqhathanise iqiniso ne model elihle, udwebe iziphetho mayelana nesimo sezinto. Ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kokubikezela, kubalulekile ukutadisha izimpawu zemakethe yokuncintisana yamahhala.

Umqondo wemakethe

Imakethe yamahhala, izimpawu zazo ezizocatshangelwa phambili, kufanele zibhekwe endaweni yokuqonda okuyiyo okusemqoka.

Lokhu akuyona nje indawo lapho ukuthengiswa nokudayiswa khona kwenziwa khona, kodwa uhlelo lwezomnotho. Isekelwe ekushintshaniseni kwezimpahla phakathi kwabathengi abazimele nabathengisi.

Lona umqondo obanzi kakhulu. Ukuhlunga izimpawu ezisemqoka zokuncintisana kwamahhala, kufanele sicabange ngemakethe njengendlela yokuphatha.

Futhi ukusebenzisana kwezihloko zobudlelwane bezohwebo kuyakhululekile, ukuthi kukuvumela ukuba uguquke amanani wemikhiqizo efanayo.

Loluhlelo lokuthuthukisa umnotho wezomakethe lusekelwe ekuhlukaneni kwemisebenzi, lapho yonke imikhiqizo ingakhiwa hhayi ekusetshenzisweni kwayo, kepha ngokushintshaniswa emakethe.

Abahlanganyeli kulolu hlelo basomabhizinisi, abasebenzi abathengisa umsebenzi wabo, nabathengi. Izihloko zomakethe ziyizindlu, abakhiqizi, kanye nohulumeni.

Noma yimuphi umuntu angaziqonda ngalunye lala maqembu. Izinto ezisemakethe yizimpahla nemali.

Imakethe yamahhala

Imakethe yokuncintisana kwamahhala yisimiso sokuphatha esingenakho ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, kwangaphandle. Ngisho nombuso awulawuli imithetho eyenzeka kuyo.

Umsebenzi owodwa ovunyelwe umnotho wemakethe yamahhala nguhulumeni ukuvikela amalungelo omhlaba wezifundo zalesi simiso. Ngezinye izindlela, uhulumeni awulawuli indlela yokuxhumana yazo zonke izakhi zalesi simiso.

Imibandela yemakethe yamahhala igcizelela ukusungulwa kwamanani kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwane bokufunwa kwempahla. Lona umthetho olula.

Isimiso sokusebenza

Imakethe yamahhala nemibandela yayo inehlobo oluthile lokusebenzisana kwazo zonke izici zesistimu.

Umakethe wokuncintisana wamahhala uqukethe abahlanganyeli abathola impahla yabo ngaphandle kwezinsongo, ukukhwabanisa nezinye izenzo ezingathembeki. Amamodeli emakethe yamahhala abhekene nokuncintisana okulungile.

Akekho wabahlanganyeli osesimweni esingcono.

Futhi, umqondo womakethe omuhle futhi mahhala kufanele uhlukaniswe. Esikhathini sokuqala, bonke abahlanganyeli banolwazi oluphelele mayelana nesistimu phambi komncintiswano omuhle. Ukuze uthole imakethe yamahhala, lokhu akudingekile. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwemodeli oyimodeli eyakhe, bhala izici eziyinhloko zemakethe yamahhala ezoxoxwa kamuva.

Izimpawu zemakethe yamahhala

Izici eziyinhloko zemakethe yokuncintisana yamahhala kufaka izincazelo ezilandelayo.

1. Inkululeko yokukhetha osomabhizinisi nabathengi.
2. Indima eqondile idlalwe yimpahla yangasese.
3. Ukuncintisana kwamahhala: kokubili phakathi kwabadayisi naphakathi kwabathengi.
4. Isisusa esiyinhloko somsebenzi wezindaba ezimakethe yisithakazelo somuntu siqu.
5. Isinqumo somhlanganyeli oyedwa asikwazi ukuthonywa enye inhlangano.
6. Inombolo engenamkhawulo futhi enkulu kakhulu yamayunithi ebhizinisi.
7. Ukungabi nethonya elikhulu emkhakheni wombuso kulabo ababambiqhaza ohlelweni.
8. Ukufinyelela mahhala kolwazi kuzo zonke izihloko zobudlelwane bemakethe (kodwa hhayi ngempela ukuzitholela).
9. Ukuhamba ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezici zokukhiqiza.

Ngakho-ke kulula ukuyichaza imigomo esemqoka yomqondo ocatshangelwayo. Ngenqubo yokuqhathanisa uhlelo lwangempela oluhle, ubhale izici eziyinhloko zemakethe yamahhala. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuhlaziya ngokufanele isimo sezomnotho kulokhu okucatshangelwayo, ukugqamisa izici zayo eziyinhloko ezihambelana nomfanekiso oyisisekelo.

I-Monopoly ne-Monopsony

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wemakethe kusho ukulinganisa izimo zangempela zesistimu yobudlelwane bezomnotho nencazelo yayo.

Isici esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwemakethe ngesimiso sokuncintisana kwamahhala kungena mahhala futhi kuphume ohlelweni lomhlanganyeli ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, inani elingenamkhawulo lezifundo lingabandakanyeka ebuhlotsheni bomnotho.

Ngokusho kwencazelo yemakethe yokuncintisana kwamahhala, ayikwazi ukukhona noma i-monopoly noma i-monopsony. Esikhathini sokuqala, umkhiqizi oyedwa kuphela wenza inqubo yokuxhumana phakathi kwabadayisi nabathengi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo angakwazi ukubeka amagama akhe kwabanye abathintekayo.

Umnotho wezimakethe mahhala futhi awuvumeli ukuvela kwesigqila. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ohlelweni olunjalo alukwazi ukuba khona umthengi oyedwa kuphela.

Ukuhamba kwezici zokukhiqiza

Imodeli yemakethe yamahhala ithatha isici sesibili esikhulu - ukuhamba kwazo zonke izindlela zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kunesidingo, inhlangano yebhizinisi ingadlulisela yonke inzuzo yayo kwenye imboni bese iqala ukusebenza ngokukhululekile lapho.

Nokho, lokhu empeleni akunakwenzeka. Igatsha ngalinye lihlukile ngobukhulu balo, kanye nobukhulu bentengo yokuqala eyethulwa. Ngakho-ke, inkampani, esebenza emkhakheni wokuhlelwa kwama-concert abaculi, ngeke ikwazi ukungena emkhakheni wobunjiniyela. Ngeke abe nenzalo eyanele yokwethula imisebenzi yokukhiqiza.

Ukungahleleki kwemakethe yamahhala

Ukungahleleki komthamo owethuliwe nakho kuyatholakala.

Lezi zihlanganisa izici eziningana. Ngakho-ke, ngokuchaza kwenhlangano emelelwe yokuxhumana kwezifundo, akuzona zonke izakhamizi ezikwazi ukukwazi ukuthola umsebenzi. Lokhu kuzotholakala kuphela kubantu abanobuchwepheshe obuhle bokukhiqiza, ngokufunwa.

Futhi amagatsha abalulekile emphakathini (ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvikela) ngeke kuthuthuke. Futhi, imakethe yamahhala ayikugqugquzeli ukuthuthukiswa kokuthola okuyisisekelo kwesayensi. Kusukela kulo mbono, baba yizinzuzo. Izimboni kanye nezikhombisi-ndlela ezidingekayo kuphela ziyakhiwa.

Lena isimiso esingaguquguquki esinezinkampani eziphindaphindiwe kanye nokuhanjiswa okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, esimweni somqondo, imakethe yamahhala, izici zazo ezibalwe ngenhla, zingaba khona. Kodwa hhayi empilweni yangempela.

Izinzuzo zemakethe yamahhala

Inzuzo eyinhloko yesistimu okucatshangelwa ukuthi ukungabikho kwezimpahla kungabikho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abakhiqizi ekwenzeni umkhiqizo wokuncintisana bacabanga ngokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo.

Ukulungiswa kuhlale kuvezwa emkhakheni wezimboni ezidingekayo. Amabhizinisi asebenza kulezi zimo ngokushesha azivumelanisa nezici ezishintshashintshayo zomlando wemakethe. Bazimisele ukufuna, ngakho-ke baveza imikhiqizo umthengi ayidinga.

Futhi, abathengi banethuba lokukhetha umkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu. Lokhu-ke, kuyinzuzo ebalulekile yesimo esinikeziwe samakethe emakethe.

Njengoba ujwayele umqondo onjalo njengemakethe yamahhala, izimpawu zazo ezizosiza ekuqondeni kangcono isimo salo, kuyoba lula ukuqhathanisa uhlelo lwezomnotho langempela neyomqondo. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kungenzeka ukudweba iziphetho mayelana namandla kanye nobuthakathaka bobudlelwane bezohwebo phakathi kwabo bonke abahlanganyeli. Empeleni, ukuba khona kwemakethe yamahhala akunakwenzeka.